Below-the-line (filmmaking)
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"Below-the-line" is a term derived from the top sheet of a film budget for motion pictures, television programs, industrial films, independent films, student films and documentaries as well as commercials. The "line" in "below-the-line" refers to the separation of production costs between script and story writers, producers, directors, actors, and casting ("above the-line") and the rest of the crew, or production team.[1][2]
The top sheet of any creative project's budget serves only as an at-a-glance reference to a fully detailed and attached main budget document, which features total expenses including federal, state and local taxes, as well as insurance within the entire production, and/or production incentives. This painstaking task is usually assigned to the Production Manager or UPM of a production [3] and should be completed before principal photography begins for any project.
Below-the-line crew
[edit]Some below-the-line film and television film crews operate in pre-production, production, or post-production stages of filmmaking. For example, the film editor may work solely in the post-production stage of filming but might also work throughout the production, editing the film as it is shot and advising the director if and when additional shots or scenes are needed. The boom operator, on the other hand, is mostly on set during filming because they have to pick up the dialogue of the actors as well as ambient noise when the scene is being recorded.
This particular type of film crew usually belongs to a guild or union. Some of the unions and/or guilds that represent below-the-line crew include: I.A.T.S.E., The International Cinematographer's Guild (an IATSE organization), The Teamsters, Motion Picture Editors Guild, Animation Guild, and the Motion Picture Sound Editors.[4]
It is usually the case for the "below-the-line" crew to work for hourly wages, as opposed to a set wage, or negotiated contractual wage on the front, or back end of any given project. These set workers are responsible for a number of many other unsung, and demanding tasks that must be completed to achieve the common goal of creating a film, or television program. These positions could be considered "less glamorous", and the unmentionable part of filmmaking. However, many dedicated and hard working individuals have made a good living with "below-the-line" job positions, whether it's in independent filmmaking, and or for a major film studio.[citation needed]
Within the many entry-level positions available to gain knowledge of the industry, such as Lighting technicians, grips, wranglers, stunt performers, property masters, ADR, Foley, set painters or any stagehand etc., one could gain knowledge and skill of these, and many other key positions within the film industry. Many schools and or nonprofit organizations are set up to train the youth and other interested individuals to better prepare and teach a trade that may not otherwise be available within the traditional school system. These organizations teach about film and video terminology, equipment, and life skills, a must for today's highly competitive entertainment market.
Below-the-line crew refers to everybody else including:
- Assistant director
- Art director
- Best boy electric and grip
- Boom operator
- Camera operator
- Carpenter (theatre)
- Character generator (CG) operator (television)
- Director of photography
- Costume designer
- Composer
- Dolly grip
- Film editor
- Gaffer
- Graphic artist
- Grip
- Hair stylist
- Key grip
- Line producer
- Location manager
- Make-up artist
- Production assistant
- Production coordinator
- Rigging Grip
- Script supervisor (continuity)
- Set construction
- Set Medic
- Sound engineer
- Stage manager (television)
- Technical director (TD) (television)
- Truck driver
- Unit production manager[5]
- Video control broadcast engineering (television)
- Visual effects editor
Most of these crafts people are considered variable cost in the budget. Meaning, if you cut a scene from the script, potentially, you don't have to build that set, or paint it or dress it, etc.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "What does 'below the line' mean in movie production?". How Stuff Works. 28 April 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- ^ Morley, Eileen; Silver, Andrew (March 1977). "A Film Director's Approach to Managing Creativity". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ "Budgeting For Production Managers". Edictive. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- ^ "A Guide to Hollywood Unions ⋆ FilmmakerIQ.com". FilmmakerIQ.com. 2012-09-03. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
- ^ DGA 2011 Basic Agreement. Los Angeles, California: Directors Guild of America. 2011. pp. 13–15.