Polycarbophil calcium: Difference between revisions
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Polycarbophil calcium is something that is consumed and kills people every day. I dont know much about it but it is highly dangerous. It should only be used by professional scientists. If you somehow get ahold of some it should be used carefully. Sadly if you want to buy some it is very expensive and could get you involved with drug dealers. You could be arrested or you could get away with it. I <3 Christmas Trees. Eat Mor Chikin. Good Night and Happy New Year! |
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{{Drugbox |
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| verifiedrevid = 412971012 |
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| IUPAC_name = |
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| image = Polycarbophil calcium skeletal.svg |
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| width = 250 |
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<!--Clinical data--> |
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| tradename = |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|MTM|polycarbophil_calcium}} |
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| pregnancy_AU = |
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| pregnancy_US = C |
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| legal_AU = |
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| legal_UK = |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| routes_of_administration = Oral (tablets) |
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<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
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| bioavailability = |
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| metabolism = |
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| elimination_half-life = |
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| excretion = |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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| ChemSpiderID = NA |
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| CAS_number = 9003-97-8 |
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| ATC_prefix = A06 |
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| ATC_suffix = AC08 |
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| PubChemSubstance = 49901815 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = D03306 |
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<!--Chemical data--> |
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| chemical_formula = (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>a</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>b</sub> |
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| molecular_weight = |
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}} |
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'''Polycarbophil calcium''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]]) is a [[pharmaceutical drug|drug]] used as a stool stabilizer. Chemically, it is a synthetic polymer the calcium salt of [[polyacrylic acid]] cross-linked with [[divinyl glycol]]. |
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==Clinical uses== |
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It is used as stool stabilizer to treat constipation, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Bulk [[laxative]]s absorb liquid in the intestines and swell to form a soft bulky stool. The bulky mass stimulates the intestinal muscles, speeding stool transit time through the colon. Results usually occur within 12 to 72 hours. Calcium Polycarbophil will not work without increased fluid intake. |
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Calcium polycarbophil has been marketed as an [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] agent used for treating functional [[Inflammatory bowel disease|bowel disorder]] and as a bulk-producing agent. |
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A study looked at the effects of calcium polycarbophil on general [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS) symptoms. Fourteen patients with IBS-diarrhea and twelve with IBS-constipation were given calcium polycarbophil for eight weeks and their colon transit times were measured with [[radiodensity|radiopaque]] markers in the colon. The patients with diarrhea reported fewer bowel movements, more solid stools and reduced abdominal pain. Patients with constipation reported more frequent bowel movements, looser stools and less pain.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chiba|first1=T|last2=Kudara|first2=N|last3=Sato|first3=M|last4=Chishima|first4=R|last5=Abiko|first5=Y|last6=Inomata|first6=M|last7=Orii|first7=S|last8=Suzuki|first8=K|title=Colonic transit, bowel movements, stool form, and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome by treatments with calcium polycarbophil|journal=Hepato-gastroenterology|volume=52|issue=65|pages=1416–20|year=2005|pmid=16201086}}</ref> |
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The human stomach presents a mild acidic environment due to the presence of HCl. Polycarbophil absorbs about ten times its own weight of water under acidic conditions, but the swelling ratio markedly increases at above pH 4.0 and reaches 70 times the initial weight under pH-neutral conditions. The swelling of polycarbophil is not affected by non-ionic [[osmolarity]], but by ionic strength, showing a decrease with increase of ionic strength. Monovalent metal ions such as [[sodium]] and potassium ions in gastrointestinal fluid do not reduce the equilibrium swelling of polycarbophil, but divalent ions such as calcium and [[magnesium]] ions do. However, calcium ions only slightly reduce the equilibrium swelling under sodium-rich conditions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shibata|first1=C|last2=Funayama|first2=Y|last3=Fukushima|first3=K|last4=Takahashi|first4=K|last5=Ogawa|first5=H|last6=Haneda|first6=S|last7=Watanabe|first7=K|last8=Kudoh|first8=K|last9=Kohyama|first9=A|title=Effect of calcium polycarbophil on bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|volume=52|issue=6|pages=1423–6|year=2007|pmid=17394081|doi=10.1007/s10620-006-9270-6}}</ref> |
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[[File:Polycarbophil calcium skeletal coloured.svg|thumb|left|A different representation: [[polyacrylic acid]] residues are shown in red, residues of the cross-linker divinyl glycol (3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-hexadiene) in blue.]] |
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==References== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Saito|first1=T|last2=Mizutani|first2=F|last3=Iwanaga|first3=Y|last4=Morikawa|first4=K|last5=Kato|first5=H|title=Laxative and anti-diarrheal activity of polycarbophil in mice and rats|journal=Japanese journal of pharmacology|volume=89|issue=2|pages=133–41|year=2002|pmid=12120755|url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjp/89/2/89_133/_article/-char/en}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Torii|first1=A|last2=Toda|first2=G|title=Management of irritable bowel syndrome|journal=Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)|volume=43|issue=5|pages=353–9|year=2004|pmid=15206545|url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/43/5/43_353/_article}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Paterson|first1=WG|last2=Thompson|first2=WG|last3=Vanner|first3=SJ|last4=Faloon|first4=TR|last5=Rosser|first5=WW|last6=Birtwhistle|first6=RW|last7=Morse|first7=JL|last8=Touzel|first8=TA|title=Recommendations for the management of irritable bowel syndrome in family practice. IBS Consensus Conference Participants|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=161|issue=2|pages=154–60|year=1999|pmid=10439825|pmc=1230466}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Laxatives}} |
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[[Category:Laxatives]] |
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[[Category:Polyacrylates]] |
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{{gastrointestinal-drug-stub}} |
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Revision as of 17:18, 24 November 2011
Polycarbophil calcium is something that is consumed and kills people every day. I dont know much about it but it is highly dangerous. It should only be used by professional scientists. If you somehow get ahold of some it should be used carefully. Sadly if you want to buy some it is very expensive and could get you involved with drug dealers. You could be arrested or you could get away with it. I <3 Christmas Trees. Eat Mor Chikin. Good Night and Happy New Year!