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{{for|the object|Pole}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group=Poles<br> ''(Polacy)''
|image=[[Image:Image of Poles.png|350px]]
<small><small>1<sup>st</sup> row: [[Marie Curie|Skłodowska–Curie]] • [[Pope John Paul II]] • [[Copernicus]] • [[Wałęsa]] • [[Joseph Conrad|Conrad]]<br>2<sup>nd</sup> row: [[Wayne Gretzky|Gretzky]] • [[Jan III Sobieski]] • [[Kościuszko]] • [[Rejewski]] • [[Wajda]] • [[Maximilian Kolbe|Kolbe]]<br>3<sup>rd</sup> row: [[Piłsudski]] • [[Stanislaw Lem|Lem]] • [[Zbigniew Brzezinski|Brzeziński]] • [[Harry Warner|Warner]] • [[Krzysztof Wielicki|Wielicki]] • [[Wolszczan]]</small></small>
|population =60 million (est.)<ref name="Swiat_Polonii" />
|region1={{POL}}
|pop1 = 38,860,000<br>
|ref1 = <ref>[http://www.stat.gov.pl/english/opracowania_zbiorcze/b-s/2006/06_06/tabele/tabela14.xls Excel spreadsheet from Polish Central Statistical Office]</ref>
|region2 = {{USA}}
|pop2 = 10,024,711
|ref2 = <ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-state=dt&-context=dt&-reg=DEC_2000_SF4_U_PCT001:001|547;&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-mt_name=ACS_2006_EST_G2000_B04003&-CONTEXT=dt&-tree_id=4001&-all_geo_types=N&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en 2006 Community Survey]</ref>
|region3 = {{BRA}}
|pop3 = 1,800,000
|ref3 = <ref>[http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=pwko Polish Society in Brazil]</ref>
|region4 = {{DEU}}
|pop4 = 1,055,700
|ref4 = <ref>{{de icon}} Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2005 [https://www-ec.destatis.de/csp/shop/sfg/bpm.html.cms.cBroker.cls?cmspath=struktur,vollanzeige.csp&ID=1020312 Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland] (German text about migrants in Germany) {{PDFlink|886&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]}}.</ref>
|region5 = {{CAN}}
|pop5 = 984,565
|ref5 = <ref>[[List of Canadians by ethnicity]]</ref>
|region6 = {{FRA}}
|pop6 = 900,000
|ref = <ref> [[Polonia]] </ref>
|region7 = {{UK}}
|pop7 = (est.) 500,000
|ref7 = <ref name="Swiat_Polonii" /><ref>{{en icon}} [http://www.polishexpress.co.uk/en/newspaper.aspx?id=1 Poles in the UK, Polish Express], source: government statistics.<br>'''^''' {{pl icon}} According to Tomasz Ziemba from Polish Express online 1,020,000 Polish visitors in the UK logged into Polish chatroom Gadu–Gadu in January: [http://www.polishexpress.co.uk/artykul.aspx?id=935 Policzyło nas Gadu–Gadu]<br>'''^''' {{pl icon}} Tomasz Wybranowski, [http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/1431925,2678,kioskart.html Korespondencja,] Tygodnik Przegląd, 22.08.2007, onet.pl<br>'''^''' {{en icon}} [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=384121&in_page_id=1770 Steve Doughty, Daily Mail,] Office for National Statistics recorded the number of Poles who have travelled to the UK in 2006 at over 2,000,000. The number of those who stay exceeds 250,000.</ref>
|region8 = {{ARG}}
|pop8 = 500,000
|ref8 = <ref>[http://www.clarin.com/diario/2004/04/27/t-749506.htm Poles in Argentina]</ref>
|region9 = {{BLR}}
|pop9 = 400,000
|ref9 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html Poles in Belarus]</ref>
|region10 = {{LTU}}
|pop10 = 250,000
|ref10 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html Poles in Lithuania]</ref>
|region11 = {{RUS}}
|pop11 = 173,000
|ref11 = <ref>[http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463 Poles in Russia]</ref>
|region12 = {{AUS}}
|pop12 = 150,900
|ref12 = <ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.crc.nsw.gov.au/statistics/Sect1/Table1p08Aust.pdf Poles in Australia]|56.3&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 57733 bytes -->}}</ref>
|region13 = {{UKR}}
|pop13 = 144,130
|ref13 = <ref>[http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results Poles in Ukraine]</ref>
|region14 = {{NOR}}
|pop14 = 120,000
|ref14 = <ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article1443964.ece Aftenposten.no: - 120.000 polakker i Norge (Innenriks)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|region15 = {{ESP}}
|pop15 = 78,305
|ref15 = <ref>http://www.ine.es/prensa/np503.pdf</ref>
|region16 = {{IRL}}
|pop16 = 63,090
|ref16 = <ref>[http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/PDR%202006%20Tables%2019-30.pdf Poles in Ireland]</ref>
|region17 = {{LVA}}
|pop17 = 57,000
|ref17 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lg.html#People CIA World Factbook]</ref>
|region18 = {{CZE}}
|pop18 = 52,000
|ref18 = <ref>{{PDFlink|http://wtd.vlada.cz/files/rvk/rnm/zprava_mensiny_2001_en.pdf|1.41&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 1485306 bytes -->}}</ref>
|region19 = {{ITA}}
|pop19 = 50,790
|ref19 = <ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str2004/index.html Poles in Italy (click on Tutti i Paesi - Tavola)]</ref>
|region20 = {{MEX}}
|pop20 = 50,000
|ref20 = <ref>[http://www.meksyk.polemb.net/index.php?document=31 Poles in Mexico]</ref>
|region21 = {{KAZ}}
|pop21 = 47,293
|ref21 = <ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Mes/pdf/51_cap1_2.pdf]|87.2&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 89306 bytes -->}}</ref>
|region22 = {{NLD}}
|pop22 = 39,500
|ref22 = <ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/CCD504EA-9D41-40C2-AE28-BFB0A51C2045/0/2005k3b15p096art.pdf Poles in Netherlands]|162&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/x-pdf, 166421 bytes -->}}</ref>
|region23 = {{AUT}}
|pop23 = 21,000
|ref23 = <ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.statistik.at/pub/neuerscheinungen/vzaustriaweb.pdf Poles in Austria]}}</ref>
|region24 = {{ISL}}
|pop24 = 10,000
|ref24 = <ref>[http://www.hagstofa.is/?PageID=626&src=/temp/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN12100%26ti=Mannfj%F6ldi+eftir+f%E6%F0ingarlandi+1981%2D2006+%26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/Faedingarland/%26lang=3%26units=Fjöldi www.hagstofa.is] </ref>
|region25 = {{TUR}}
|pop25 = 5,000
|ref25 = <ref>[http://www.polonezkoy.com/index_eng.asp www.polonezkoy.com] </ref>
|region26 = {{Flagicon|World}} Rest of World
|pop26 = 1,145,000 <small>(est.)</small><br>
|ref26 = <ref>[http://www.nasza-gazetka.com/Menu_Polonia/DIASPORA/DIASPORA.HTM Poles around the World (>polonia > statystyka)] </ref>
|languages=[[Polish language|Polish]]
|rels= Predominantly [[Roman Catholicism in Poland|Roman Catholicism]] with [[Polish Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], [[Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland|Protestant]], [[Atheism|Atheist]] and [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish]] minorities.
}}

The '''Polish people''', or '''Poles''', ({{lang-pl|Polacy}} {{IPA-pl|p|o|'|l|a|c|y|}} ) are a [[West Slavs|Western Slavic]] [[ethnic group]] of [[Central Europe]], living predominantly in [[Poland]]. Poles are sometimes defined as people who share a common Polish culture and are of Polish descent. Their religion is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]]. The Poles can also be referred to as the inhabitants of the [[Republic of Poland]] and Polish emigrants irrespective of their ethnicity. A wide-ranging [[Polonia|Polish diaspora]] exists throughout Western and Eastern Europe, the Americas and Australia.

There is no commonly accepted definition of the Polish people. According to the [[preamble]] of the [[Constitution of Poland]], the Polish Nation consists of all [[citizenship|citizens]] of Poland. However, like in most European countries, many people limit the group to native speakers of the [[Polish language]], people that share certain traditions, or people who share a common ethnic background originating from Poland. As to its origins, the name of the nation comes from a [[West Slavs|western Slavic]] [[ethnic group]] of [[Polans (western)|Polans]] primarily associated with Poland and the Polish language. Poles belong to the [[Lechitic]] subgroup of these ethnic people. The [[Polans (western)|Polans]] of [[Giecz]], [[Gniezno]], and [[Poznań]] were one of the most influential tribes of [[Greater Poland]] and managed to unite many other West Slavic tribes in the area under the rule of what became the [[Piast dynasty]], thus giving birth to a new state. The Polish word for a Polish person is ''Polak'' (male) and ''Polka'' (female), however, when this common noun is used [[wikt:verbatim|verbatim]] in the English language (usually spelled as ''[[Polack]]'') it is always offensive.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=polack polack - Definitions from Dictionary.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Statistics==
Poles or Polish are the sixth largest national group in Europe.<ref>NationMaster.com 2003-2008. [http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/peo_pop-people-population&int=-1&id=EUR&b_ac=1 People Statistics: Population (most recent) by country] Accessed 2008-01-25</ref> Estimates vary depending on source, though available data suggests a total number around 60 million people worldwide (with approx. 21 million living outside of Poland).<ref name="Swiat_Polonii">[http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=pwko Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: „Polacy za granicą”] (''Polish people abroad'' as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the Polish Association ''Wspólnota Polska'')</ref> There are almost 39 million Poles in Poland alone. There are also [[autochthonous]] Polish minorities in the surrounding countries including [[Germany]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Belarus]]. There are some smaller minorities in nearby countries such as [[Moldova]] and [[Latvia]]. There is also a Polish minority in [[Russia]] which included autochthonous Poles as well as those forcibly deported during and after [[World War II]]; the total number of Poles in what was the former [[Soviet Union]] is estimated at up to 3 million.<ref>Gil Loescher, [http://books.google.com/books?id=eR5oYvO1uFgC&pg=PA119&dq=3+million+ethnic+Poles+in+the+former+Soviet+Union&sig=Kdm4ndGC7XbDsOS8qiXjPlxC5k8 Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis], published by [[Oxford University]] Press US, 1993, 1996. ISBN 0195102940. Accessed 12-12-2007. </ref>

The term "[[Polonia]]" is usually used in Poland to refer to people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders, officially estimated at around 10-12 to 20 million. There is a notable Polish [[diaspora]] in the [[United States]] ([[Polish-Americans]]), [[Canada]], ([[Polish-Canadians]]) and [[Brazil]] ([[Polish-Brazilians]]). [[France]] has a historic relationship with Poland and has a relatively large Polish-descendant population. Poles lived in France since the 1700s. In the early 20th century, over a million Polish people settled in France, mostly during world wars, among them Polish émigrés fleeing either Nazi occupation and later Soviet rule.

In the United States a significant number of Polish immigrants settled in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], [[New York City]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. The majority of Polish Canadians arrived to Canada since World War II, the number of Polish immigrants increased between 1945 &ndash; 1970, and again since the fall of Communism in 1989. In Brazil the majority of Polish immigrants settled in [[Paraná]] State, the city of [[Curitiba]] has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world (after Chicago) and Polish music, dishes and culture are quite common in the region. In recent years, since joining the [[European Union]], many Polish people have emigrated to countries such as [[Ireland]]; where an estimated 200,000 Polish people have entered the labour market. It is estimated that over half a million Polish people have immigrated to the [[United Kingdom]]. The Polish community in [[Norway]] has increased dramatically and has grown to a total number of 120,000, making Poles the largest immigrant group in Norway.

==Polish tribes==
The following is the list of [[Polish tribes]] - tribes which constituted the lands of Poland in the [[early Middle Ages]], at the beginning of the Polish state. Some of them have remained a separate ethnicity while others have been assimilated into the culture of Poland.
{| cellspacing="20"
|-
|
*[[Mazurians (ethnic group)|Mazurians (Masovians, Masurians)]]
*[[Polans (western)|Polans (Polanes, Polanians)]]
*[[Silesians]]
*[[Warmiak]]s
*[[Pomeranians]]
**[[Kashubians|Kashubians (Cassubians)]]
**[[Slovincian]]s
**[[Kociewiacy]]
**[[Borowiacy]]
* [[Bieżuńczanie]]
* [[Bobrzanie]]
|
* [[Dziadoszanie]]
* [[Golęszyce]]
* [[Goplans]]
* [[Lędzianie]]
* [[Opolanie]]
* [[Kujawianie]]
* [[Pyrzyczanie]]
* [[Ślężanie]]
* [[Trzebowianie]]
* [[Vistulans]]
|}

==European Union==
:''(for ethnic Poles living abroad see [[Polonia]], for those living and working in the [[United Kingdom]] see [[Polish British]])''

A survey carried out by the [[CBOS]] public opinion institute, between March 30 and April 2, 2007, found that 86% of Poles felt that [[EU]] membership had had a positive effect, with only 5% of the respondents speaking against it, down from 22 percent in 2004. The institute also found that 55% of those surveyed prefer the EU to remain a union of sovereign states, while 22% supported the idea of a "[[United States of Europe]]".<ref>EU Business, 21 June 2007, [http://www.eubusiness.com/Poland/1182434414.99/ Poles more pro-EU than ever: survey] Accessed 12-06-2007.</ref> Principal areas of Polish life that have been improved by EU membership, are agriculture (according to 75% of those surveyed), the environment (61%), productivity (57%) and unemployment (56%).<ref>EU Business, 02 May 2007, [http://www.eubusiness.com/Poland/poland-eu.28/ Three years after entering the EU, 86% of Poles are satisfied]</ref>

Among the ten new EU members, of which eight are Central or Eastern European, Poles are the most mobile, with considerable numbers of Polish migrants found in almost all ‘old’ EU countries, filling numerous vacancies on the European labour market, especially in areas where indigenous workforce is insufficient. According to Franck Duvell of [[Oxford]], some countries, like Germany and Austria, missed on that opportunity by discriminating against mobile Europeans, granting them freedom of movement without freedom of employment, which resulted in the increase of numbers of illegal migrant workers there. “In fact, the EU accession process, and namely the Polish experience could possibly serve as a paradigm for easing some of Europe’s migration dilemma,” Duvell suggested.<ref>Franck Duvell, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, Oxford, {{PDFlink|[http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/papers/2006-05-17-Duvell-Poles.pdf Poles in Europe - From Illegal Immigrants to Members of the European Union]|22.3&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 22872 bytes -->}}, accessed 12-06-2007.</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
{| cellspacing="20"
|-
|
* [[List of Poles]]
* [[Polonia]]
* [[Pole, Hungarian, two good friends]]
* [[List of Polish Jews]]
* [[Polish Americans]]
* [[Polish British]]
* [[Polish Australian]]s
* [[Polish Canadians]]
* [[Polish Brazilian]]s
* [[Polish minority in Argentina]]
|
* [[Polish Germans]]
* [[Polish minority in the Czech Republic]]
* [[Polish minority in Lithuania]]
* [[Polish minority in Romania]]
* [[Polish minority in the Soviet Union]]
* [[Demographics of Poland]]
* [[European ethnic groups]]
* [[Genetic history of Europe]]
* [[Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)]]
* [[Name of Poland]] ([[etymology]] of the [[demonym]])
|}

==External links==
* [http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/legacy/chap-5.html#chap5-4 History of Polish war veterans being admitted to Canada after World War II]
* [http://www.zpwb.org.uk Federation of Poles in Great Britain]
*[http://www.firmypolonia.com/ Firmy i Organizacje Polonijne] [http://www.polishfirms.info/katalog/polonia (''Polonia Directory: Firms, Companies and Organizations'')]
* [http://www.polishheritage.co.nz/TRUST/TRUST.HTM Polish Heritage Trust of New Zealand]
* [http://www.polishplanet.com/ Polacy w Wielkiej Brytanii, Polish Community in the UK]

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Polish people|*]]
[[Category:Slavic nations]]

[[be:Палякі]]
[[be-x-old:Палякі]]
[[bs:Poljaci]]
[[bg:Поляци]]
[[cv:Поляксем]]
[[cs:Poláci]]
[[da:Polak]]
[[de:Polen (Ethnie)]]
[[et:Poolakad]]
[[eo:Poloj]]
[[fr:Polonais (groupe ethnique)]]
[[ko:폴란드인]]
[[hr:Poljaci]]
[[id:Bangsa Polandia]]
[[it:Polacchi]]
[[ka:პოლონელები]]
[[la:Poloni]]
[[lv:Poļi]]
[[lt:Lenkai]]
[[hu:Lengyelek]]
[[mk:Полјаци]]
[[nl:Polen (volk)]]
[[ja:ポーランド人]]
[[no:Polakker]]
[[pl:Polacy]]
[[pt:Polacos]]
[[ro:Polonezi]]
[[ru:Поляки]]
[[sk:Poliaci]]
[[sl:Poljaki]]
[[sr:Пољаци]]
[[sh:Poljaci]]
[[fi:Puolalaiset]]
[[sv:Polacker]]
[[tr:Polonyalılar]]
[[uk:Поляки]]
[[zh:波蘭人]]

Revision as of 08:19, 19 September 2008

dey tukk arr djerrbss

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