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'''Bayazid Khan''' known as '''Pir Roshan''' ({{lang-ps|پیر روښان}}) (b. 1525 d. 1582/1585) was a [[Pashtun]] warrior poet and intellectual of the Barak/Urmar (known in present day as [[Burki]]) tribe. He was born just outside [[Jullunder]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] [[India]], but early in his childhood, his father moved the family back to [[Kaniguram]], the Burki heartland in today's [[South Waziristan]]. |
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He became known for his thinking with its strong [['''Sufi''']] influences, radical for the times and unusual for the region. He must be turning in his grave today with the influx of the Arabs and their extremist interpretations, not to mention their view of Sufis and those who follow their teachings (i.e.most Pashtuns) as being "mushrik" (Arabic for "deviants" and therefore eligible for the Takfiri process of excommunication). As to claims by some Burkis of an "Ansari"<ref>http://www.wikimir.com/pir-roshan</ref> connection, refer to "An Enquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan" by Henry Walter Bellew (1891). Bayazid's people --currently referred to as "Burki"-- who until the early twentieth century were known as Barak or Baraki were found in large numbers during the Greek period in their present environs (p.62). On page 8, Bellew in this seminal work refers to the Baraki's origins as "mysterious" but not of Arab/Ansari descent. This continued tendency to depict Bayazid Khan --one of the greatest historical figures of the region as an ARAB or a TURK is just another insult to the NANG (honor) of the pashtuns as a group. Another attempt at Arab manipulation and attempts to dominate the so-called "umma." |
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To depict Pir Roshan (the enlightened Pir who espoused views that were radical for both the Muslim world and the region) as an Arab is just reflective of a continued effort at destroying the mores and culture of the Pashtuns and their Pashtunwali (tribal code that predates, and has historically taken precedence over Arab derivative "Muslim" strictures) way of life, through Deobandi inspired proxies whose tactics Bayazid would despise as those of "dishonorable men." |
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Like other Pushtun tribes, the Burki seek self segregation from the outside world thus the importance of Kaniguram as the historical focal point of the tribe and the continued effort to retain their native tongue (Urmar)which predates Pushtu. |
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Bayazid Khan of the Urmars/Baraks became widely known as Pir Roshan, which means in [[Pashto language|Pashto]] "the enlightened [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]]". He was the first Pushtun to lead a major insurgency against the [[Mughal_Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]]. |
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Pir Roshan was an advocate for learning and equal treatment for women. A revolutionary concept for the times, and even today in [[South Waziristan]]. From his base in Kaniguram, he started his insurgency movement, which was carried on against the emperor's troops by his children and then his granchildren. |
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During the 19th century [[oriental studies|orientalist]]s translating texts from Pushto and other regional texts termed his movement a "sect", a mistake which persists to this day amongst many [[Europe]]an researchers. The major focus of the movement was to create equality between men and women, including the right to learn and listen to lectures of scholars and fight to against Akbar after his proclamation of [[Din-i-Ilahi]]. |
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== Background == |
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Pir Roshan is a major figure in Pushtu history and literature. He led an armed struggle against the [[Mughals]], after continuous military agitations against him and his people from Akbar. Seeing the spiritual and religious hold of Pir Roshan over a large portion of Pashtuns, [[Akbar]] brought in a number of religious figures against the struggle, most notably Akhund Darweza. It is mistakenly reported that Akhund Darweza also wrote a book in Pashto, thrashing Pir Roshan's ideas and movement and called him Pir Tarik (the dark Pir). In actuality the book was written after the death of Akhund Darweza and after some considerable time, since it refers to Pir Roshan in past tense and even misspells even the word Roshan. |
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The struggle continued for nearly a hundred years with Pir Roshan's grand and great grand children. |
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== Family genealogy == |
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Bayazid Khan belonged to the Burki tribe and was an Urmar. Urmar/Burki of Kaniguram retain a keen desire to self segregate from the outside world by retaining strong kinship ties. Family narratives passed down vary on the origins of their forebears. A consistent theme, however, is that their origins are in what is now Kurdish territory in Western Persia/Eastern Iraq/South Eastern Turkey. |
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== Early life == |
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Bayazid was born in 1525 at [[Jullundur]] in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] but moved back to his homeland [[Kaniguram]] in [[Waziristan]] with his family when he was a child. |
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== Exile and rebellion == |
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Bayazid belonged to a religious family and his father was a Qazi of Waziristan area. However, Bayazid himself was against many of the customs which prevailed in his time and specifically in his family. These were usually the fringe benefits which his family received being considered as scholarly and religious. He was known as a strong willed, stubborn man inclined to "express" himself. Once this led to a heated argument with his brother and upon intervention of his father he was given the choice of either he leave or his give up his radical ideas. He opted to leave and started spreading his ideas away from his home. He found ears in the [[Mohmand]] tribesmen, from there he went to the [[Peshawar]] valley and started spreading his message to the Khalils and [[Muhammadzai]]s. However when he and his followers started spreading word of their movement amongst the Yousafzais he went into direct confrontation with the orthodox followers of Pir Baba of [[Buner]]. Soon he established his base in the [[Tirah]] valley where he rallied other tribes to his cause. He eventually raised the flag of open rebellion to the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] after Akbar's proclamation of [[Din-i-Ilahi]] and although he led his army successfully in several skirmishes and battles against Mughal forces, they were eventually routed in a major battle in [[Nangarhar]] by the Mughal General Muhsin Khan. |
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== Roshanniya Movement == |
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Roshanniya Movement (or Illuminati) is the set of teachings of Pir Roshan which his people followed. The movement had one focal teaching; equality of every man and woman. This included the idea that based on birth no one could become a religious leader or King. These titles are to be earned in one's life through hard work alone. Having access to only two books on Pir Roshan all of the English translations associated incorrectly Pir Roshan to have started a spiritual sect who believed in the transmigration of souls and in the representation of God through individuals. This incorrect information also led some writers to associate the movement with everything from [[Ismailis]] to [[Kharijites]] to [[Shia]] or [[Sufi]] influences. |
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== Contribution to Pashto literature == |
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Besides his reputation as a revolutionary Pir Roshan is credited with writing the first ever book in Pashto language; Khair-ul-Bayan and thus sowing the seed of Pashto literature. He wrote nearly a dozen books, although less than half of these have survived to modern days, mostly in private and family libraries. |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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*[[Olaf Caroe]], ''The Pathans'' |
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*[[Henry Walter Bellew]], "An Enquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan," 1891. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Faqir of Ipi]] |
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==External Links== |
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[http://www.wikimir.com/pir-roshan] Pir Roshan on WikiMir |
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{{Pashtun nationalism}} |
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[[Category:Pashtun people]] |
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[[Category:History of India]] |
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