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{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Pervez Musharraf<br><small>پرویز مشرّف</small>
|image = Pervez Musharraf 2004.jpg
|office = [[President of Pakistan]]
|primeminister = [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]]<br>[[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]]<br>[[Shaukat Aziz]]<br>[[Muhammad Mian Soomro]]<br>[[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]
|term_start = 20 June 2001
|term_end = 18 August 2008
|predecessor = [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]]
|successor = [[Asif Ali Zardari]]
|office1 = [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Chief Executive of Pakistan]]
|president1 = [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]]
|term_start1 = 12 October 1999
|term_end1 = 21 November 2002
|predecessor1 = [[Nawaz Sharif]] <small>(Prime Minister)</small>
|successor1 = [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] <small>(Prime Minister)</small>
|office2 = [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]
|term_start2 = 12 October 1999
|term_end2 = 23 November 2002
|predecessor2 = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
|successor2 = [[Rao Sikandar Iqbal]]
|office3 = [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]
|term_start3 = 6 October 1998
|term_end3 = 28 November 2007
|predecessor3 = [[Jehangir Karamat]]
|successor3 = [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]]
|office4 = [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
|term_start4 = 8 October 1998
|term_end4 = 7 October 2001
|predecessor4 = [[Jehangir Karamat]]
|successor4 = [[Aziz Khan (general)|Aziz Khan]]
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|8|11|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British Raj]]<br><small>(now [[India]])
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|Pakistan Muslim League-<br>Quaid]] <small>(Before 2010)</small><br>[[All Pakistan Muslim League]] <small>(2010–present)</small>
|spouse = Sehba Musharraf
|alma_mater = [[Forman Christian College]]<br>[[Pakistan Military Academy]]<br>[[Command and Staff College]]<br>[[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]]<br>[[Royal College of Defence Studies]]
|nickname = Cowboy
|allegiance = {{PAK}}
|branch = {{army|PAK}}
|serviceyears = 1964–2007
|rank = [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|30px]] [[General officer|General]]
|unit = [[Pakistan Army Regiment of Artillery|Army Regiment of Artillery]]
|commands = [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]]<br>[[Special Services Group]]<br>[[XII Corps (Pakistan)|XII Corps]]
|battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br>[[Siachen conflict]]<br>[[Kargil War]]<br>[[Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001)]]<br>[[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]]<br>[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|2001–2002 India-Pakistan standoff]]<br>[[War in North-West Pakistan]]
|awards = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]<br>[[Imtiazi Sanad]]
}}
{{Contains Urdu text}}
'''Pervez Musharraf''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پرویز مشرف}}}}, born 11 August 1943), is a retired [[four-star general|four-star]] general who served as the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)#List of Chiefs of Army Staff|13th]] [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] and [[List of Presidents of Pakistan|tenth]] [[President of Pakistan|President]] of [[Pakistan]] as well as [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)#List of Chairman Joint Chiefs|tenth]] [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]. Musharraf headed and led an administrative [[military government]] from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled Pakistan as Chief Executive from 1999–2001 and as President from 2001-08. In the face of impeachment, he preferred to resign on 18 August 2008.

A very recent accusation on Mr. Pervez Musharraf is for the theft of the mobile phone (Galaxy S2) of a very eminent Indian personality, Mr. Aushim R. Krishan who is a leading Technology Analyst at Barclay's Capital.
After years of military service, he rose to prominence when [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] appointed him as the Chief of Army Staff in October 1998. Musharraf was the mastermind behind the controversial and internationally condemned [[Kargil conflict|Kargil infiltration]], which derailed peace negotiations with Pakistan's long standing enemy [[India]]. He previously also played a vital role in the [[Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Afghanistan civil war (1996-2001)]] both in peace negotiations and in trying to end the bloodshed. After months of contentious relations with Sharif, Musharraf was brought to power through a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|bloodless military coup]]. Subsequently [[Nawaz Sharif]] was placed under a house-arrest, later shifting him to [[Adiala Jail]].

As Pakistan's head of state, he was a U.S. ally in the [[War on Terror]]. He was credited with the development of [[Economy of Pakistan|Pakistan's economy]] during the early years of his rule. He is also credited to be the first president of [[Pakistan]] who accepted supreme court rulings and who organized [[Pakistani general election, 2008|free and fair elections]]. The last two years of his rule were marred by controversies, including the [[suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry|suspension of the Supreme Court Chief Justice]] and the [[Lal Masjid siege]]. Ian Kershaw, a professor of modern history at Sheffield University, described Musharraf as Pakistan's [[Paul von Hindenburg]].<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/opinion/03iht-edkershaw.1.9700744.html</ref>

In February 2011, a Pakistani court issued an arrest warrant for him because of his alleged involvement in the [[assassination of Benazir Bhutto]]. As of June 2011, he lives in self-exile in [[London]] but has vowed to return for the next election. He has announced that he intends to return to Pakistan on 23 March 2012. On January 7, 2012 he announced that he intends to return to Pakistan between January 27–30, 2012.

==Early life==
===India===
He was born on 11 August 1943 in [[Delhi]], [[British India]], four years before the [[partition of India]].<ref>"Profile: Pervez Musharraf." BBC News, 16 June 2009. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4797762.stm].</ref><ref name="babyzarin">"India Remembers 'Baby Musharraf'" BBC News, 15 Apr. 2005. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4449519.stm].</ref><ref name="dixit">Dixit, J. N. "Implications of the Kargil War." India-Pakistan in War & Peace. London: Routledge, 2002. 28-35. Print. [http://books.google.com/books?id=XnzRttnqExUC&pg=PA29&dq=musharraf+special+service+group&hl=en&ei=SMUFTtvEJ4KltweZr_jnDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> He is the son of Syed and Zarin Musharraf.<ref name="duggerbio"/><ref name="mombbc"/> Syed graduated from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and was a civil servant for the [[British Empire|British]].<ref name="ajamidog"/> Zarin was born in the early 1920s.<ref name="babyzarin"/>

Musharraf's first childhood home was called ''neharwali haveli'', literally "mansion by the canal".<ref name="haveli">Jacob, Satish. "Musharraf's Family Links to Delhi." BBC News, 13 July 2001. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1436723.stm].</ref> The house, located at the epicenter of India's ruling Mughal elite, is so large that in 2001 it housed eight different families.<ref name="haveli"/> [[Syed Ahmed Khan]]'s family lived adjacent to the home.<ref name="haveli"/> The home's title deeds were written entirely in Urdu except for his father's English signature.<ref name="haveli"/>

===Pakistan and Turkey===
Musharraf and his family left for Pakistan on one of the last safe trains in August 1947, a few days before the partition of India took effect.<ref name="duggerbio">Dugger, Celia W. "Pakistan Ruler Seen as 'Secular-Minded' Muslim." New York Times, 26 Oct. 1999. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/26/world/pakistan-ruler-seen-as-secular-minded-muslim.html].</ref><ref name="haveli"/><ref name="bbcfour">"BBC - BBC Four Profile - Pervez Musharraf." BBC, 12 Aug. 2003. Web. 16 June 2011. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/profile/pervez-musharraf.shtml].</ref> His father began to work for the new [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] and eventually joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Foreign Ministry]].<ref name="duggerbio"/> In his autobiography ''[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir|Line of Fire]]'', Musharraf elaborates on his first experience with death, after falling out of a mango tree.<ref>"Musharraf and the Mango Tree." Reuters Blogs, 30 May 2008. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/05/30/musharraf-and-the-mango-tree/].</ref>

Musharraf's family moved to [[Ankara, Turkey|Ankara]] in 1949, when his father became part of a diplomatic deputation from Pakistan to Turkey.<ref name="ajamidog"/><ref name="CNNprofile">"Pakistan's Self-appointed Democratic Leader." CNN, 04 May 2003. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://articles.cnn.com/2002-07-10/world/musharraf.biog_1_sehba-musharraf-chief-of-army-staff-indo-pakistan-war?_s=PM:asiapcf].</ref> He learned to speak [[Turkish language|Turkish]].<ref name="worth">Worth, Richard. "Time of Trials." Pervez Musharraf. New York: Chelsea House, 2007. 32-39. Print.[http://books.google.com/books?id=IVBtrZrxuDcC&pg=PA32&dq=musharraf+turkey&hl=en&ei=4EEFTuKPFY24twfoj92zDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=musharraf%20turkey&f=false]</ref><ref name="chitkara">Chitkara, M. G. "Pervez Bonaparte Musharraf." Indo-Pak Relations: Challenges before New Millennium. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub., 2001. 135-36. Print.[http://books.google.com/books?id=Gr5IoddTKb8C&pg=PA135&dq=musharraf+chitkara&hl=en&ei=jz0HToqbCcnL0QGV-o3ICw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=musharraf%20chitkara&f=false]</ref> He had a dog named Whiskey that gave him a "lifelong love for dogs".<ref name="ajamidog">Ajami, Fouad. "In the Line of Fire: A Memoir By Pervez Musharraf." New York Times, 15 June 2011. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/07/books/review/ajami.htmleview/ajami.html].</ref> He often played sports in his youth.<ref name="duggerbio"/><ref name="factbox1"/> He left Turkey in 1956.<ref name="ajamidog"/><ref name="CNNprofile"/>

He returned to Pakistan in 1957.<ref name="worth"/> He attended [[Saint Patrick's High School, Karachi|Saint Patrick's School]] in [[Karachi]] and [[Forman Christian College]] in [[Lahore]].<ref name="ajamidog"/><ref>"General Pervez Musharraf, President and Chief Executive of Pakistan." CNN, 28 June 2001. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/06/20/musharraf.biog/].</ref><ref>Adil, Adnan. "Profile: Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain." BBC News, 29 June 2004. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3850039.stm].</ref>

==Initial military career==
In 1961, he entered the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] at [[Kakul]].<ref name="factbox1">"FACTBOX - Facts about Pakistani Leader Pervez Musharraf." Reuters.co.uk, 18 Aug. 2008. Web. 16 June 2011. [http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/18/uk-pakistani-politics-musharraf-idUKMOL84968820080818].</ref><ref>"Q&A on What's Happening in Pakistan." MSNBC, 5 Nov. 2007. Web. 16 June 2011. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21641531/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/t/qa-whats-happening-pakistan/].</ref> He joined the Pakistan Army in 1964 and was placed in an artillery regiment.<ref name="straits"/><ref name="nytsoldier">Crossette, Barbara. "Coup in Pakistan -- Man in the News; A Soldier's Soldier, Not a Political General." New York Times, 13 Oct. 1999. Web. 16 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/13/world/coup-pakistan-man-soldier-s-soldier-not-political-general-pervez-musharraf.html].</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani conflicts (1965-1971)===
{{see|Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts}}
His first battlefield experience was with his artillery regiment in the intense fighting for [[Khemkaran]] sector in the [[Second Kashmir War]].<ref>Schmetzer, Uli. "Coup Leader Is Hawkish Toward India." Chicago Tribune. Battle of Asal Uttar, 13 Oct. 1999. Web. 18 June 2011. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1999-10-13/news/9910130142_1_indo-pakistan-special-services-group-gen-pervaiz-musharraf]>.</ref> He also participated in the [[Lahore]] and [[Sialkot]] war zones during the conflict.<ref name="chitkara"/> During the war, Musharraf developed a reputation for sticking to his post under shellfire.<ref name="bbcfour"/> He received the [[Imtiazi Sanad]] medal for gallantry.<ref name="CNNprofile"/><ref name="factbox1"/>

Shortly after the end of the War of 1965, he joined the elite [[Special Service Group|Special Service Group (SSG)]].<ref name="worth"/><ref name="nytsoldier"/> He served in the SSG from 1966-1972.<ref name="worth"/><ref name="weaver"/> He was promoted to [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]] and to [[major]] during this period.<ref name="worth"/> During the war, he also was a [[company commander]] of a [[commando]] [[battalion]].<ref name="chitkara"/>

===Various military posts (1972-1990)===
Musharraf was a [[lieutenant colonel]] in 1974<ref name="worth"/> and a [[colonel]] in 1978.<ref name="harmon">Harmon, Daniel E. "A Nation Under Military Rule." Pervez Musharraf: President of Pakistan. New York: Rosen Pub., 2008. 44-47. Print.[http://books.google.com/books?id=lgJ03ubVAN0C&pg=PA45&dq=musharraf+colonel+staff+officer&hl=en&ei=uEIHTuroMITu0gGhi_3QCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=musharraf%20colonel%20staff%20officer&f=false]</ref> As [[staff officer]] in the 1980s, he studied and taught at [[Command and Staff College]] and [[National Defense University, Islamabad|National Defense College]].<ref name="straits">"Pakistan's Chief Executive a Formar Commando." New Straits Times. 16 Oct. 1999. Web. 16 June 2011. [http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4k1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dxQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3934,108921&dq=musharraf+command+and+staff+college+quetta&hl=en].</ref><ref name="nytsoldier"/><ref name="weaver"/> He did not play any significant role in Pakistan's [[proxy war]] in the 1979-89 [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]].<ref name="weaver">Weaver, Mary Anne. "General On Tightrope." Pakistan: in the Shadow of Jihad and Afghanistan. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. 25-31. Print.[http://books.google.com/books?id=9QELJpZuuswC&pg=PA25&dq=musharraf+britain+royal+college&hl=en&ei=xyAHTpziNabX0QGg64XWCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=musharraf%20britain%20royal%20college&f=false]</ref> In 1987, he became a [[brigade commander]] of a new division of the SSG near [[Siachen Glacier]].<ref name="dixit"/> In September 1987, he launched an assault at [[Bilafond La]] before being pushed back.<ref name="dixit"/> In 1990, he studied at the [[Royal College of Defense Studies]] in Britain.<ref name="chitkara"/> While in the Army, he earned the nickname "Cowboy" for his westernized ways.<ref name="weaver"/><ref name="harmon"/>

===Director-General (1991-1995)===
In 1991, he became [[major general]] and worked closely with the Chief of Army Staff as Director-General of Pakistan Army's Directorate General for the Military Operations (DGMO).<ref name="harmon"/> Musharraf proposed a Kargil infiltration to Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] but she rebuffed the plan.<ref name="kapur">Kapur, S. Paul. "The Cvert Nuclear Period." Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Singapore: NUS, 2009. 117-18. Print.[http://books.google.com/books?id=bt3WMTNX5QoC&pg=PA118&dq=siachen+glacier+musharraf&hl=en&ei=djEHTt70L4e00AGo39DiCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=siachen%20glacier%20musharraf&f=false]</ref> After the collapse of the fractious Afghan government, Musharraf assisted General [[Naseerullah Babar|Babar]] and the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)]] in devising a policy of supporting the newly-formed [[Taliban]] in the [[Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–1996)|Afghan civil war]] against the [[Northern Alliance]] government.<ref name="weaver"/>

His last military field posting was at the [[Mangla]] border region in 1995 as a [[lieutenant-general]] commander.<ref name="nytsoldier"/>

==Chief of Army Staff==
[[File:PervezMusharraf.jpg|thumb|Musharraf in uniform.]]
===Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff===
In October 1998, [[General]] was forced to resign as Chief of Army of Staff for advocating the creation of a [[National Security Council of Pakistan|National Security Council]] with an active military role.<ref name="nytsoldier"/> Subsequently, Nawaz Sharif forced [[General Karamat]] to resign.<ref name="nytsoldier"/> Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] personally promoted Musharraf as four-star general to replace Karamat.<ref name="nytsoldier"/> Musharraf superseded Lieutenant General Khalid Nawaz Khan and Lieutenant-General [[Ali Kuli Khan Khattak]] who were much senior to him. Later, Sharif promoted General Musharraf to the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].

=== Kargil Conflict ===
{{Main|Kargil Conflict}}
The Pakistan Army originally conceived the Kargil plan after the [[Siachen conflict]] but the plan was rebuffed repeatedly by senior civilian and military officials.<ref name="kapur"/> Musharraf was a leading strategist behind the Kargil Conflict.<ref name="chitkara"/> From March to May 1999, he ordered the secret infiltration of Kashmiri forces in the [[Kargil district]].<ref name="weaver"/> After India discovered the infiltration, a fierce Indian offensive nearly led to a full-scale war.<ref name="weaver"/><ref name="kapur"/> However, Sharif withdrew support of the insurgents in the border conflict in July because of heightened international pressure.<ref name="weaver"/> Sharif's decision antagonized the Pakistan Army and rumors of a possible coup began emerging soon afterward.<ref name="weaver"/><ref>"A Bleak Day for Pakistan." ''Guardian'', 13 Oct. 1999. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/oct/13/pakistan.india].</ref> Sharif and Musharraf dispute on who was responsible for the Kargil conflict and Pakistan's withdrawal.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080507080739/http://www.weeklyvoice.com/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1443&Itemid=66 Musharraf Vs. Sharif: Who's Lying?], ''The Weekly Voice'', Monday, 02 October 2006</ref>

==Chief Executive==
===1999 coup===
{{Main|1999 Pakistani coup d'état}}
Military officials from Musharraf's Joint Chief of Staff met with regional corps commanders three times in late September in anticipation of a possible coup.<ref name="weinercoup">Weiner, Tim. "Countdown to Pakistan's Coup: A Duel of Nerves in the Air - New York Times." New York Times, 17 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/17/world/countdown-to-pakistan-s-coup-a-duel-of-nerves-in-the-air.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> To quiet rumors of a fallout between Musharraf and Sharif, Sharif officially certified Musharraf's remaining two years of his term on September 30.<ref name="weinercoup"/><ref>Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. "WORLD BRIEFING - Page 2 - New York Times." New York Times, 1 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/01/world/world-briefing.html?pagewanted=2].</ref>

Musharraf had left for a weekend trip to take part in [[Sri Lanka]]'s [[Sri Lanka Army|Army]]'s 50th-anniversary celebrations.<ref name="timecoup">"Under the Gun - TIME." TIME Magazine, 25 Oct. 1999. Web. 21 June 2011. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053991,00.html].</ref> When Pervez Musharraf was returning from an official visit to [[Colombo, Sri Lanka|Colombo]] his flight was denied landing permissions to Karachi International Airport after orders were issued from the Prime Minister's office.<ref name="bbccoup"/> Upon hearing the announcement of [[Nawaz Sharif]], replacing Pervez Musharraf by [[Khwaja Ziauddin]], the third replacement of the top military commander of the country in less than two years,<ref name="bbccoup"/> local military commanders begun to mobilize troops towards [[Islamabad]] from nearby [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="timecoup"/><ref name="bbccoup">"How the 1999 Pakistan Coup Unfolded." BBC News, 23 Aug. 2007. Web. 21 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6960670.stm].</ref> The military placed Sharif under house arrest,<ref name="coupNYT">Dugger, Celia W. "Coup in Pakistan: The Overview." New York Times, 13 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/13/world/coup-pakistan-overview-pakistan-army-seizes-power-hours-after-prime-minister.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref><ref name="coupNYT"/> but in a last-ditch effort Sharif privately ordered Karachi air traffic controllers to redirect Musharraf's flight to [[India]].<ref name="weinercoup"/><ref name="bbccoup"/> The plan failed after soldiers in Karachi surrounded the airport [[control tower]].<ref name="bbccoup"/><ref name="coupcomplete">Dugger, Celia W., and Raja Zulfikar. "Pakistan Military Completes Seizure of All Authority." New York Times, 15 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/15/world/pakistan-military-completes-seizure-of-all-authority.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> At 2:50 AM on October 13,<ref name="coupNYT"/> Musharraf addressed the nation with a recorded message.<ref name="bbccoup"/>

Musharraf met with President [[Rafiq Tarar]] on October 13 to deliberate on legitimizing the coup.<ref>Dugger, Celia W. "Pakistan Calm After Coup; Leading General Gives No Clue About How He Will Rule - New York Times." New York Times, 14 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/14/world/pakistan-calm-after-coup-leading-general-gives-no-clue-about-how-he-will-rule.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> On October 15, Musharraf ended emerging hopes of a quick transition to democracy after he declared state of emergency, suspended the Constitution, and assumed power as Chief Executive.<ref name="coupcomplete"/><ref>Goldenberg, Suzanne. "Musharraf Strives to Soften Coup Image." Guardian News, 16 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/oct/16/pakistan.suzannegoldenberg].</ref> He also quickly purged the government of political enemies, notably Ziauddin and national airline chief [[Shahid Khaqan Abbassi]].<ref name="coupcomplete"/> On October 17, he gave his second national address and established a seven-member military-civilian council to govern the country.<ref>Weiner, Tim, and Steve LeVINE. "Pakistani General Forms New Panel to Govern the Nation." New York Times, 18 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/18/world/pakistani-general-forms-new-panel-to-govern-nation.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref><ref name="confusedcoup">Dugger, Celia W. "Pakistan's New Leader Is Struggling to Assemble His Cabinet." New York Times, 23 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/24/world/pakistan-s-new-leader-is-struggling-to-assemble-his-cabinet.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> He named three retired military officers and a judge as provincial administrators on October 21.<ref>Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. "Pakistan's Leaders Appoint Regional Governors." New York Times, 22 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/22/world/pakistan-s-leaders-appoint-regional-governors.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref>

There were no organized protests within the country to the coup.<ref name="confusedcoup"/><ref name="ban"/> The coup was widely criticized by the international community.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1156716.stm | work=BBC News | title=Pakistan profile - Timeline | date=28 November 2011}}</ref> Consequently, Pakistan was suspended from the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].<ref>"Pakistan 'disappoints' Commonwealth." BBC News, 29 Oct. 1999. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/493431.stm].</ref><ref>Tran, Mark. "Hold Elections or Face Sanctions, Cook Tells Zimbabwe." Guardian News, 2 May 2000. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/may/02/zimbabwe.marktran].</ref> Sharif was put under [[house arrest]] and later exiled to [[Saudi Arabia]] on his personal request and under a contract.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/472997.stm SOUTH ASIA | Profile: General Pervez Musharraf]. BBC News (2001-09-24). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

===First days===
Musharraf's first foreign visit was to [[Saudi Arabia]] on October 26 where he met with [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]].<ref name="strait"/><ref name="simplevisit"/> After meeting senior Saudi royals, the next day he went to [[Medina]] and performed [[Umrah]] in [[Mecca]].<ref name="strait"/> On October 28, he went to [[United Arab Emirates]] before returning home.<ref name="strait">"Musharraf Holds Talks with the Saudis." [[New Straits Times]] [[Malaysia]] 26 Oct. 1999: 18. Print.[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7E1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dxQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6752,5793608&dq=musharraf+saudi+arabia&hl=en]</ref><ref name="simplevisit">Dugger, Celia W. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/26/world/pakistan-military-says-7-civilians-will-join-new-government.html?ref=pervezmusharraf "Pakistan Military Says 7 Civilians Will Join New Government."] New York Times, 26 Oct. 1999. Web. 22 June 2011.</ref>

By the end of October, Musharraf appointed many technocrats and bureaucrats in his Cabinet, including former Citibank executive [[Shaukat Aziz]] as [[Finance Minister of Pakistan|Finance Minister]] and [[Abdul Sattar (diplomat)|Abdul Sattar]] as [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Foreign Minister]].<ref name="burke"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/06/world/pakistanis-eager-for-change-are-left-frustrated-after-coup.html?ref=pervezmusharraf | work=The New York Times | first=Celia W. | last=Dugger | title=Pakistanis, Eager for Change, Are Left Frustrated After Coup | date=6 March 2000}}</ref> In early November, he released details of his assets to the public.<ref>Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/04/world/pakistan-s-ruler-rejects-calls-for-referendum.html?ref=pervezmusharraf "Pakistan's Ruler Rejects Calls for Referendum - New York Times."] New York Times, 4 Nov. 1999. Web. 26 June 2011.</ref>

In late December 1999, Musharraf's dealt with his first international crisis when India accused Pakistan's involvement in the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]] hijacking.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/26/world/pakistanis-lost-control-of-militants-us-hints.html?ref=pervezmusharraf | work=The New York Times | first=Jane | last=Perlez | title=Pakistanis Lost Control Of Militants, U.S. Hints | date=26 January 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2054784,00.html | work=Time | title=Fallout from Flight 814 | date=1 January 2000}}</ref> Though [[United States]] [[United States President|President]] [[Bill Clinton]] pressured Musharraf to ban the alleged group behind the hijacking &mdash; [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/25/world/us-asserts-pakistan-backed-hijacking-of-air-india-jetliner.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm | work=The New York Times | title=U.S. Asserts Pakistan Backed Hijacking of Air India Jetliner | date=25 January 2000}}</ref> Pakistani officials refused because of fears of reprisal from political parties such as [[Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/26/world/pakistanis-lost-control-of-militants-us-hints.html?ref=pervezmusharraf Pakistanis Lost Control Of Militants, U.S. Hints] NYTimes</ref>

In March 2000, Musharraf banned political rallies.<ref name="ban">McCarthy, Rory. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/apr/01/pakistan.rorymccarthy "Sharif Family Alone against the Military."] Guardian News, 1 Apr. 2000. Web. 23 June 2011.</ref>

===Sharif trial and exile===
The army held Sharif under [[house arrest]] at a government guesthouse<ref name="trial1"/> and opened his Lahore home to the public in late October 1999.<ref name="burke">Burke, Jason. "Army Throws Open First Family's Palace." Guardian News, 29 Oct. 1999. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/oct/29/pakistan.jasonburke].</ref> He was formally indicted in November<ref name="trial1">Dugger, Celia W. "Treason Charge For Pakistan's Ousted Premier." New York Times, 11 Nov. 1999. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/11/world/treason-charge-for-pakistan-s-ousted-premier.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> on charges of hijacking, kidnapping, attempted murder, and treason for preventing Musharraf's flight from landing at Karachi airport on the day of the coup.<ref name="trial2">Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. "Pakistan on Trial." New York Times, 12 Nov. 1999. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/12/opinion/pakistan-on-trial.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref><ref>Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. "Justice on Trial in Pakistan." New York Times, 24 Dec. 1999. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/24/opinion/justice-on-trial-in-pakistan.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> His trial began in early March 2000 in an anti-terrorism court,<ref name="trial3"/> which are designed for speedy trials.<ref>Bearak, Barry. "Ousted Leader in Pakistan Appears in Public for Trial." New York Times, 20 Nov. 1999. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/20/world/ousted-leader-in-pakistan-appears-in-public-for-trial.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> He testified Musharraf began preparations of a coup after the Kargil conflict.<ref name="trial3">Kershner, Isabel, and Mark Landler. "Clash Over India Led to Coup, Pakistan's Ex-Premier Testifies." New York Times, 9 Mar. 2000. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/09/world/clash-over-india-led-to-coup-pakistan-s-ex-premier-testifies.html?ref=pervezmusharraf].</ref> Sharif was placed in [[Adiala Jail]], infamous for hosting Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's trial, and his leading defense lawyer, Iqbal Raad, was shot dead in Karachi in mid-March.<ref name="trial4"/> Sharif's defense team blamed the military for intentionally providing their lawyers with inadequate protection.<ref name="trial4">McCarthy, Rory. "Gunmen Shoot Dead Lawyer of Deposed Pakistani Leader Sharif." Guardian News, 11 Mar. 2000. Web. 27 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/mar/11/pakistan.rorymccarthy].</ref> The court proceedings were widely accused of being a [[show trial]].<ref>Smith, Alex Duval. "Cook Warning over Show Trial for Sharif Asia, World - The Independent." [The Independent], 12 Nov. 1999. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/cook-warning-over-show-trial-for-sharif-740015.html].</ref><ref>"Cook Warns against Pakistan 'show Trial'" Guardian, 12 Nov. 1999. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/nov/12/pakistan].</ref><ref>"Show Trial in Pakistan." Guardian News, 22 Nov. 1999. Web. 23 June 2011. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/nov/22/pakistan.guardianleaders].</ref> Sources from Pakistan claimed that Musharraf and his military government's officers were in full mood to exercise tough conditions on Sharif, was intended to sent Navaz Sharif to [[gallows]] to face similar fate as [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] in 1979. It was the pressure on Musharraf exerted by Saudia Arabia and the United States to exile Sharif after it became authenticated that the court is near to place her verdict on Navaz Sharif on his charges, and the court will sentenced Sharif to death. Sharif signed an agreement with Musharraf and his military government and his family was exiled to [[Saudi Arabia]] in December 2000.

===Constitutional changes===
Shortly after Musharraf's takeover, he issued [[The Oath of Judges Order 2000]], which required judges to take a fresh oath of office swearing allegiance to military. On 12 May 2000, the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] asked Musharraf to hold national elections by 12 October 2002. The residing President Rafiq Tarar remained in office until June 2001. Musharraf formally appointed himself President on 20 June 2001. In August 2002, he issued the [[Legal Framework Order, 2002|Legal Framework Order]],
which added numerous amendments to the 1973 [[Constitution (Pakistan)|Constitution]]. In October 2002, Pakistan held elections which the pro-Musharraf [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] won wide margins. The PML-Q and [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement|MQM]] formed a coalition and legitimized Musharraf's rule.

==Presidency==
===Support for the War on Terror===
[[File:2006 Musharaff at the White House.jpeg|thumb|280px|right|U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] with Musharraf in September 2006]]
Musharraf allied with the United States against the [[Taliban]] government in [[Afghanistan]] after the [[September 11 attacks]]. He claims in his 2006 memoirs he was given an ultimatum after military threats "to go back to the [[Stone Age]]" by U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] through [[United States Deputy Secretary of State|Deputy Secretary of State]] [[Richard Armitage (politician)|Richard Armitage]] and [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Colin Powell]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-09-25-pakistan-memoir_x.htm Musharraf's book says Pakistan faced U.S. 'onslaught' if it didn't back terror war] 9/26/2006 USA Today</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5369198.stm US 'threatened to bomb' Pakistan] [[BBC]], 22 September 2006</ref> Bush and Armitage denied it.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6126088|title = Armitage Denies Making 'Stone Age' Threat|publisher = National Public Radio|author = Melissa Block|date = September 22, 2006|accessdate = 2009-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=6124473|title = Bush, Musharraf Dance Around Alleged U.S. Threat|publisher = National Public Radio|date = September 22, 2006|accessdate = 2009-09-02}}</ref> Musharraf agreed to give the United States the use of three airbases for [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. In return for his support on the [[War on Terror]] Musharraf was among the 194 candidates nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2004/03/03/top10.htm Top Stories: Musharraf among Record 194 candidates nominated for 2004 Nobel Peace Prize]. Pakistan Times (2001-09-11). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> However, there are controversies that Musharraf's played a double game with the US in the war on terror, and undermined US efforts to curb the Taliban and the extremist militants by funding and aiding several of the Al Qaeda leaders.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

A few months after the [[September 11 attacks]], Musharraf gave a speech against [[Islamic extremism]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2003/12/05/top8.htm Musharraf vows to root out extremism: Banned outfits won’t be allowed to resurface -DAWN – Top Stories; December 5, 2003]. DAWN (2003-12-05). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> He instituted prohibitions on foreign students' access to studying Islam within Pakistan, an effort which began as an outright ban but was later reduced to restrictions on obtaining [[Visa (document)|visas]].<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0619/p07s01-wosc.html Could Pakistan fall to extremists? / The Christian Science Monitor]. CSMonitor.com (2007-06-19). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> On 18 September 2005, Musharraf made a speech before a broad based audience of [[Jew]]ish leadership, sponsored by the [[American Jewish Congress]]'s Council for World Jewry, in [[New York City]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2005/09/19/top1.htm Archive | Your Source of News on the World Wide Web]. Dawn.Com. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> In the speech, he denounced terrorism and opened the door to relationships between Pakistan and [[Israel]]. He was widely criticized by [[Middle East]]ern leaders, but was met with some praise among Jewish leadership.<ref>Barbara Ferguson [http://www.arabnews.com/services/print/print.asp?artid=70295&d=19&m=9&y=2005&hl=Musharraf%20Talks%20to%20Jewish%20Leaders Musharraf Talks to Jewish Leaders], Arab News, 9/19/05</ref>

===Relations with India===
After the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]], Musharraf expressed his sympathies to [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and sent a plane load of relief supplies to India.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/02/02/india.quake.02/|work=CNN|title=Quake may improve India Pakistan ties|date=2 February 2001|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1139807.stm|work=BBC News|title=Rival Pakistan offers India help|date=30 January 2001|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20010203/ina03028.html Gujarat gets Musharraf to dial PM in New Delhi]. Expressindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

In the mid-2004, Musharraf began a series of talks with India to resolve the [[Kashmir dispute]].

===Relations with Saudi Arabia===
In 2006, King Abdullah visited Pakistan for the first time as King. Musharraf honored King Abdullah with the ''[[Nishan-e-Pakistan]]''.<ref>[http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page855.aspx King Abdullah ends Asian tour with state visit to Pakistan]. Saudiembassy.net (2006-02-01). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Musharraf received the King Abdul-Aziz Medallion in 2007.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=91233&d=22&m=1&y=2007 Saudi-Pak Talks Focus on ME]. Arabnews.com (2007-01-22). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>

===Nuclear scandals===

In 2001, as part of Musharraf's de-extremism policies, the [[Federal Investigation Agency]] (FIA) apprehended [[Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood]], a nuclear engineer, and Dr. [[Chaudhry Abdul Majeed]], a nuclear chemist, in suspicion of having contacts and connections to Taliban. During this sting operation, it was revealed that Mahmood had a meeting with [[Osama bin Laden]] to build a radiological weapon. But, Mahmood was not capable of developing the weapon as he was an expert in nuclear power technology, not weapons. Therefore, Al-Qaeda was unable to gain any knowledge from these scientists, the ISI and CIA later reported. Musharraf, who during this time was Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, decided to militarily debriefed the scientists. Mahmood and Dr. Majeed were taken into the custody of the [[Judge Advocate General Branch]] (JAG) where the debriefings continued until the early 2005. After the debriefings were completed, both scientists were put out of public eye and were prevented from attending any science seminars held in the country.

As President, General Musharraf had promoted Dr. [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]] to the most prestigious post, the [[Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)#Science Advisors|Science Advisor]] to the President. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan's open-promotion of nuclear weapons and ballistics missiles brought an international embarrassment for Pakistan. According to Zahid Malik, after the government received potential and solid evidence against Khan from the United States, General Musharraf and the military [[Establishment (Pakistan)|establishment]] were in full mood to exercise rough actions against Khan. Khan's debriefing was necessary for General Musharraf to prove the loyalty of Pakistan to the United States and Western world.

One of the most widely-reported controversies during Musharraf's administration arose as a consequence of the disclosure of [[nuclear proliferation]] by Dr. A.Q. Khan, a national hero and one of the most decorated scientists. Initially General Musharraf denied knowledge of or participation by Pakistan or the [[Pakistan Army]], [[Pakistan Air Force]] and even the [[Pakistan Navy]], despite Khan urging that Musharraf was the leader of the proliferation ring. On January 2004, General Musharraf dismissed Dr. A.Q. Khan as his Science Adviser. A formal military debriefing of Khan continued for the next three years.

Musharraf faced bitter domestic criticism for singularly attempting to vilify Khan. Musharraf's long standing ally [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement|MQM]] gave a cold shoulder and bitter and acrimonious criticism to Musharraf over his handling of Khan. MQM tapped an anti-Musharraf movement for the release of Khan which initially shocked Musharraf and the [[United States]]. MQM and her leaders threatened to leave hMusharraf's government if Khan was persecuted or even jailed. Fearing his regime would be topple if MQM continued to tap this wave, Khan was pardoned in exchange for cooperation in the investigation by Musharraf, but was put under house arrest where he was forced to attend various debriefings which would continued for hours.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4965566.stm | work=BBC News | first=Zaffar | last=Abbas | title=Pakistan nuclear case 'is closed' | date=2006-05-02}}</ref> After Musharraf's resignation, Dr. Khan was finally released from [[house arrest]] by the executive order of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] of Pakistan. After Musharraf departed from the country, then-[[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] General [[General Tariq Majid|Tärikue Majid]] ended further debriefings of Dr. Khan.

[[File:Pervez Musharraf - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg|220px|thumb|right|Musharraf at the World Economic Forum, Davos 2008]]

===Corruption issues===
When Musharraf came to power in 1999, he claimed that the corruption in the government bureaucracy would be cleaned up.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1777889.stm SOUTH ASIA | Musharraf's corruption crackdown 'failing']. BBC News (2002-01-23). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> According to a survey conducted by [[Transparency International]] Pakistan ranked in 2001 as the world's 11th most corrupt nation. In 2007 Pakistan ranked as the 41st most corrupt nation.

===Domestic politics===
In December 2003, Musharraf made a deal with [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]], a six-member coalition of [[Islam]]ic parties, agreeing to leave the army by 31 December 2004. With that party's support, pro-Musharraf legislators were able to muster the two-thirds [[supermajority]] required to pass the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Seventeenth Amendment]], which retroactively legalized Musharraf's 1999 coup and many of his decrees. In late 2004, Musharraf went back on his agreement with the MMA and pro-Musharraf legislators in the Parliament passed a bill allowing Musharraf to keep both offices. Constitution Article 63 clause (1) paragraph (d), read with proviso to Article 41 clause (7) paragraph (b), allows the President to hold dual office.

On 1 January 2004, Musharraf had won a [[confidence vote]] in the [[Electoral College of Pakistan]], consisting of both houses of Parliament and the four provincial assemblies. Musharraf received 658 out of 1170 votes, a 56% majority, but many opposition and Islamic members of parliament walked out to protest the vote. As a result of this vote, his term was extended to 2007.

Prime Minister [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] resigned on 26 June 2004, after losing the support of the PML(Q). His resignation was at least partially due to his public differences with the party chairman, [[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]]. This was rumored to have happened at Musharraf's command. Jamali had been appointed with the support of Musharraf's and the pro-Musharraf PML(Q). Most PML(Q) parliamentarians formerly belonged to the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] party led by Sharif, and most ministers of the cabinet were formerly senior members of other parties, joining the PML(Q) after the elections upon being offered positions. Musharraf nominated [[Shaukat Aziz]], the minister for finance and a former employee of [[Citibank]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070930160932/http://financialeducation.citigroup.com/citigroup/press/1998/data/981013a.htm Citigroup (NYSE:CCI) Global Consumer Business Announces Management Structure], October 13, 1998</ref> and head of ''Citibank Private Banking'' as the new prime minister.

===Women's rights===
The National Assembly voted in favor of the “Women's Protection Bill” on 15 November 2006 and the Senate approved it on 23 November 2006. President General Pervez Musharraf signed into law the “Women's Protection Bill”, on 1 December 2006. The bill places rape laws under the penal code and allegedly does away with harsh conditions that previously required victims to produce four male witnesses and exposed the victims to prosecution for adultery, if they were unable to prove the crime.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2006/12/02/top7.htm Musharraf signs women’s bill -DAWN – Top Stories; December 02, 2006]. DAWN (2006-12-02). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>
However, the Women's Protection bill has been criticized heavily by many for paying continued lip service and failing to address the actual problem by its roots: repealing the Hudood Ordinance. In this context, Musharraf has also been criticized by women and human rights activists for not following up his words by action.<ref>[http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CATR_AsianConflictsReports_TerrorTribesAndTheWarOnWomenInPakistan.pdf Asian Conflicts Reports], October 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?ots591=4888CAA0-B3DB-1461-98B9-E20E7B9C13D4&lng=en&id=52716 'Protecting' women for political gain in Pakistan / ISN]. Isn.ethz.ch (2006-11-20). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) said that "The so-called Women's Protection Bill is a farcical attempt at making Hudood Ordinances palatable" outlining the issues of the bill and the continued impact on women.<ref>[http://www.hrcp-web.org/pdf/Archives%20Reports/AR2006.pdf HRCP Report on Human Rights]</ref>

His government increased reserved seats for women in assemblies, to increase women's representation and make their presence more effective. Compared with 1988 seats in the National Assembly were increased from 20 to 60. In provincial assemblies 128 seats were reserved for women. This situation has brought out increase participation of women for 1988 and 2008 elections.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/more-women-in-pakistan-polls-signals-political-freedom_10020351.html More women in Pakistan polls signals ‘political freedom’]. Thaindian.com (2008-02-23). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>

In March 2005, a couple of months after the rape of a Pakistani physician, Dr. Shazia Khalid, working on a government gas plant in the remote [[Baluchistan]] province, Musharraf was criticized for pronouncing, Captain Hammad, a fellow military man and the accused in the case, innocent before the judicial inquiry was complete.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-3-2005_pg7_32 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2005-03-04). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/pakistan/story/2005/02/050224_mush_media_zs.shtml BBC Urdu]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Following the rape, riots erupted in the local Bugti clan of the province, where the rape took place. They saw a rape in their heartland as being a breach of their code of honor and attacked the gas plant. In an uncompromising response Musharraf sent tanks, helicopters and an extra 4,500 soldiers to guard the installation. If the tribesmen failed to stop shooting, he warned on television, "they will not know what hit them".<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/feb/21/pakistan.declanwalsh Pakistan's gas fields blaze as rape sparks threat of civil war | World news]. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Shazia was later forced and threatened by the government to leave the country.<ref>[http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/pakistan_2868.jsp Shazia Khalid and the fight for justice in Pakistan]. open Democracy (2005-09-25). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

In an interview to the [[Washington Post]] in September 2005 Musharraf said that Pakistani women, who were the victims of rape, treated rape as a "moneymaking concern" and were only interested in the publicity in order to make money and get a Canadian visa. He subsequently denied making these comments, but the Washington Post made available an audio recording of the interview, in which Musharraf could be heard making the quoted remarks.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/audio/2005/09/23/AU2005092301253.html Interview with Pakistan president Musharraf]. washingtonpost.com (2005-09-23). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Musharraf also denied Mukhtaran Mai, a Pakistani rape victim, the right to travel abroad, until pressured by US State Department.<ref>Moore, Kathleen. (2005-06-27) [http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1059531.html Pakistan: Rape Case Spotlights Women's Rights – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2011]. Rferl.org. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> The remarks made by Musharraf sparked outrage and protests both internationally and in Pakistan by various groups i.e. women groups, activists.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4251536.stm South Asia | Outrage at Musharraf rape remarks]. BBC News (2005-09-16). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> In a rally, held close to the presidential palace and Pakistan's parliament, hundreds of women demonstrated in Pakistan demanding Musharraf apologize for the controversial remarks about female rape victims.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4294840.stm South Asia | Pakistani women march in rape row]. BBC News (2005-09-29). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

===Assassination attempts===
In 2000 Kamran Atif, an alleged member of [[Harkat-ul Mujahideen al-Alami]], tried to assassinate Musharraf. Atif was sentenced to death in 2006 by an [[Anti Terrorism Court (Pakistan)|Anti Terrorism Court]]. On 14 December 2003, Musharraf survived an assassination attempt when a powerful bomb went off minutes after his highly-guarded [[convoy]] crossed a bridge in [[Rawalpindi]]. It was the third such attempt during his four-year rule. On 25 December 2003, two [[Suicide bombing|suicide bombers]] tried to assassinate Musharraf, but their [[car bomb]]s failed to kill him; 16 others died instead.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3351207.stm South Asia | Arrests follow Musharraf attack]. BBC News (2003-12-27). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Musharraf escaped with only a cracked windshield on his car. [[Amjad Farooqi]] was an alleged mastermind behind these attempts, and was killed by Pakistani forces in 2004 after an extensive manhunt.

On 6 July 2007, there was another attempted assassination, when an unknown group fired a 7.62 [[submachine gun]] at Musharraf's plane as it took off from a [[runway]] in [[Rawalpindi]]. Security also recovered 2 [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]], from which no shots had been fired.<ref>Masood, Salman and Nizza, Mike [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/06/world/asia/06cnd-pakistan.html?hp "Gunmen Fire on Musharraf’s Plane"] [[New York Times]] (nytimes.com) 6 July 2007</ref> On 17 July 2007, Pakistani police detained 39 people in relation to the attempted assassination of Musharraf.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/17pak1.htm "Attack on Musharraf: 39 detained"] rediff.com 17 July 2007</ref> The suspects were detained at an undisclosed location by a joint team of [[Punjab Police (Pakistan)|Punjab Police]], the [[Federal Investigation Agency]] and other Pakistani intelligence agencies.<ref>[http://server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1248&Itemid=43 "39 arrested for links to attack on Musharraf"] server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/ 17 July 2007</ref>

On 8 October 2007, a military helicopter escorting President Musharraf, on his visit to the earthquake-affected areas on [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|its second anniversary]], crashed near [[Muzaffarabad]], killing four people, including a brigadier. The Puma helicopter crashed at Majohi near Garhi Dupatta in [[Azad Kashmir]] at 11:15 am due to technical fault. Those killed included Brigadier Zahoor Ahmed, Naik Ajmal, Sepoy Rashid and PTV cameraman Muhammad Farooq, while President’s Media Advisor Maj Gen (R) Rashid Qureshi sustained injuries. Twelve people were on board the helicopter.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?id=10543 "Four die as helicopter escorting Musharraf crashes"] ''The News'', 9 October 2007</ref>

==Fall from Presidency==
By August 2007, polls showed 64 percent of Pakistanis did not want another Musharraf term.<ref name=economist>[http://economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9622079 Pakistan: A mess in Pakistan]. The Economist. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref><ref>[http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/12/17/10090376.html gulfnews : Musharraf most popular leader: US survey]. Archive.gulfnews.com (2006-12-17). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>

===Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice===
{{Main|Suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry}}
On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended Chief Justice [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]] and pressed corruption charges against him. He replaced him with ally Acting Chief Justice Javed Iqbal.

Musharraf's moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers started a campaign called Judicial Activism across Pakistan and began boycotting all court procedures in protest against the suspension. In [[Islamabad]], as well as other cities such as [[Lahore]], [[Karachi]], and [[Quetta]] hundreds of lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies, condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. Slowly the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice gathered momentum and by May, protesters and opposition parties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/05/15/top10.htm Musharraf’s tenure as army chief challenged] Dawn</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C05%5C14%5Cstory_14-5-2007_pg3_1 EDITORIAL: Musharraf’s political options are closing] ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]''</ref>

===Lal Masjid siege===
{{Main|Siege of Lal Masjid}}
Lal Masjid had a religious school for women and the Jamia Hafsa madrassa, which was attached to the mosque. A male madrassa was only a few minutes drive away. The mosque often attended by prominent politicians including prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents.<ref name="redmosque">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6503477.stm | work=BBC News | title=Profile: Islamabad's Red Mosque | date=2007-07-27}}</ref>

The Lal Masjid administration had been in an escalating conflict with government authorities since January 2007.<ref name="redmosque"/> Government officials accused the mosque leadership of organizing a vigilante "vice-squad" which conducted raids against brothels, kidnappings of corrupt police officers, and suspected prostitutes.<ref name="redmosque"/> In April 2007, the mosque administration set up its own Islamic court in violation of government sanctions.<ref name="redmosque"/> In July 2007, a confrontation occurred when government authorities sent officers for demolition of the mosque under the pretense that it was created illegally.<ref name="redmosque"/>

This development led to a standoff between police forces and students (mostly female).<ref name="redmosque"/> Mosque leaders and students refused to leave the mosque and the children's library. They remained within the mosque to prevent the demolition.<ref name="redmosque"/><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/04/07/top1.htm Lal Masjid threatens suicide attacks -DAWN – Top Stories; April 07, 2007]. DAWN (2007-04-07). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> The situation was only defused after the authorities backed down and offered talks.<ref name="redmosque"/>

But government forces did not back down. Pakistani troops stormed the building which led to a bloody siege that ended with the deaths of more than 100 people.<ref>[http://www.newslinemagazine.com/2007/07/fight-to-the-finish/ Fight to the Finish] By Massoud Ansari</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\02\04\story_4-2-2008_pg1_2 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2008-02-04). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>

===Return of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif===
Also on 8 August 2007, [[Benazir Bhutto]] spoke about her [[Benazir Bhutto#The Deal with the Musharraf Government|secret meeting with Musharraf]] on 27 July, in an interview on the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]].

On 14 September 2007, Deputy Information Minister Tariq Azim stated that Bhutto won't be deported, but must face corruption suits against her. He clarified Sharif's and Bhutto's right to return to Pakistan.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hf0Ur8PXuHCLiCFguRhOcyFg04mw AFP: Bhutto set to announce return date to Pakistan]. Afp.google.com (2007-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Bhutto returned from eight years exile on 18 October. On 17 September 2007, Bhutto accused Musharraf's allies of pushing Pakistan to crisis by refusal to restore democracy and share power. Musharraf called for a three day mourning period after Bhutto's assassination on 27 December 2007.

Sharif returned to Pakistan in September 2007, and was immediately arrested and taken into custody at the airport. He was sent back to Saudi Arabia.<ref>Walker, Sophie. (2007-09-10) [http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-29438820070910?src=091007_1328_TOPSTORY_sharif_arrested_after_return_to_pakistan Nawaz Sharif arrested after return to Pakistan | Reuters]. In.reuters.com. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Saudi intelligence chief [[Muqrin bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud]] and Lebanese politician [[Saad Hariri]] arrived separately in Islamabad on 8 September 2007, the former with a message from Saudi King Abdullah and the latter after a meeting with Nawaz Sharif in London. After meeting President General Pervez Musharraf for two-and-a-half hours discussing Nawaz Sharif's possible return.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C09%5C09%5Cstory_9-9-2007_pg1_1 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2007-09-09). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> On arrival in Saudi Arabia, Nawaz Sharif was received by Prince Muqrin bin Abdul-Aziz, the Saudi intelligence chief, who had met Musharraf in Islamabad the previous day. That meeting had been followed by a rare press conference, at which he had warned that Sharif should not violate the terms of King Abdullah's agreement of staying out of politics for 10 years.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2512243.ece Nawaz Sharif vows to return home again], The Sunday Times, September 23, 2007</ref>

===Resignation from the Army===
On 2 October 2007, Musharraf named Lt. Gen. [[Ashfaq Kayani]] as vice chief of the army starting 8 October. When Musharraf resigned from military on 28 November 2007, Kayani became [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]].<ref name=nytimesoctober2>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/02/world/asia/03pakistan.html?hp Maneuvering Before Vote in Pakistan], New York Times, 3 October 2007</ref>

===2007 Elections===
{{Main|Pakistani presidential election, 2007}}
In a March 2007 interview, Musharraf said that he intended to stay in the office for another five years.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C03%5C11%5Cstory_11-3-2007_pg7_1 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2007-03-11). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

A nine-member panel of Supreme Court judges deliberated on six petitions (including [[Jamaat-e-Islami]]'s, Pakistan's largest Islamic group) for disqualification of Musharraf as presidential candidate. Bhutto stated that her party may join other opposition groups, including Sharif's.

On 28 September 2007, in a 6–3 vote, Judge [[Rana Bhagwandas]]'s court removed obstacles to Musharraf's election bid.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080523213628/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/28/pakistan.politics.ap/index.html Musharraf wins ruling on army role], CNN, September 28, 2007</ref>

===Emergency rule===
{{Main|Pakistani state of emergency, 2007}}
[[File:Musharraf State of Emergency.png|thumb|President Musharraf addresses Pakistan for the first time since state of emergency was announced, shown here on the Indian news channel [[CNN-IBN]].]]
On 3 November 2007 Musharraf declared [[emergency rule]] across Pakistan. He suspended the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]], imposed State of Emergency, and fired the Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] again.<ref name="nyt emergency">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/world/asia/04pakistan.html?_r=1&ref=asia&oref=slogin|title=Musharraf Declares Emergency Rule|publisher=The New York Times|date=4 November 2007|accessdate=2007-11-03|first=David|last=Rohde}}</ref> In [[Islamabad]], troops entered the Supreme Court building, arrested the judges and kept them under detention in their homes. Troops were deployed inside state-run TV and radio stations, while independent channels went off air. Public protests mounted against Musharraf.

===2008 Elections===
{{Main|Pakistani general election, 2008}}
General elections were held on 18 February 2008, in which the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) polled the highest votes and won the most seats. On 23 March 2008, President Musharraf said an "era of democracy" had begun in Pakistan and that he had put the country "on the track of development and progress." On 22 March, the PPP named former parliament speaker [[Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani]] as its candidate for the country's next prime minister, to lead a coalition government united against him.

===Impeachment movement and resignation===
{{Main|Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf}}

On 7 August 2008, the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (N) agreed to force Musharraf to step down and begin his [[impeachment]]. [[Asif Ali Zardari]] and [[Nawaz Sharif]] announced sending a formal request or joint charge sheet that he step down, and impeach him through parliamentary process upon refusal. Musharraf refused to step down.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4475729.ece President Musharraf of Pakistan to be impeached], The Times, August 8, 2008</ref> A charge-sheet had been drafted, and was to be presented to parliament. It included Mr Musharraf’s first seizure of power in 1999—at the expense of Nawaz Sharif, the PML(N)’s leader, whom Mr Musharraf imprisoned and exiled—and his second last November, when he declared an emergency as a means to get re-elected president. The charge-sheet also listed some of Mr Musharraf’s contributions to the “war on terror”.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSISL15267920080807 Pakistan coalition to move for Musharraf impeachment]. Reuters. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

Musharraf delayed his departure for the Beijing Olympics, by a day.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/07/pakistan1 Pakistan: President Musharraf faces impeachment | World news | guardian.co.uk]. Guardian. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref><ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?204242 Pakistan News Service]. PakTribune. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> On 11 August, the government summoned the national assembly.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hdRl1vXtvdrtSydn0bbOFIPvfU-w AFP: Pakistan coalition agrees to impeach Musharraf: officials]. Afp.google.com (2008-08-07). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

On 18 August 2008, Musharraf resigned. On 19 August, he defended his nine-year rule in an hour-long speech.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7567451.stm "Pakistan's Musharraf will resign"]</ref><ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/musharraf-video.shtml Video of Resignation Speech]</ref>

==Exile==
[[File:Pervez Mushrraf2 crop.jpg|thumb|Pervez Musharraf led Pakistan from 1999 to 2008.]]
After his resignation, Musharraf went for a pilgrimage to Mecca. He then went on a lucrative speaking tour through the Middle East, Europe, and United States. Chicago-based Embark LLC was one of the international public-relations firms trying to land Musharraf as a highly paid keynote speaker.<ref name="NewsW">[http://www.newsweek.com/id/155068 Pakistan's Musharraf: Lucrative Speaking Fees?]. Newsweek (2008-08-23). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> According to Embark President David B. Wheeler, the speaking fee for Musharraf would be in the $150,000–200,000 range for a day plus jet and other V.I.P. arrangements on the ground.

===Return to politics===
Since quitting politics in 2008, Musharraf has been in London in self-imposed [[exile]]. Musharraf launched his own political party, the [[All Pakistan Muslim League]], in June 2010.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/local/musharrafs-political-party-launched-960 Musharraf’s political party launched], [[Dawn (newspaper)]], 9 June 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\09\story_9-6-2010_pg12_2 Musharraf’s All Pakistan Muslim League formally launched in Sindh], ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]'', 9 June 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Regional/Karachi/09-Jun-2010/Musharraf-will-be-asked-to-come-back-Rashid Musharraf will be asked to come back: Rashid], ''[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]'', 9 June 2010</ref>

On 1 October 2010, Musharraf officially launched his political party as a President of the party, All Pakistan Muslim League.<ref>Gardham, Duncan. (2010-10-01) [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8037849/Musharraf-launches-movement-to-regain-control-of-Pakistan.html Musharraf launches movement to regain control of Pakistan]. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

Since the start of 2011, news has been circulating that Musharraf will return to Pakistan before the next national elections. He himself has vowed this in several interviews. On [[Piers Morgan Tonight]], Musharraf announced his plans to return to Pakistan on March 23, 2012 in order to seek the Presidency in 2013.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

===Views===
Regarding the [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team|Lahore attack]] on [[Sri Lanka]]n players, Musharraf criticized the police commandos' inability to kill any of the gunmen, saying "If this was the [[Elite Police|elite force]] I would expect them to have shot down those people who attacked them, the reaction, their training should be on a level that if anyone shoots toward the company they are guarding, in less than three seconds they should shoot the man down."<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-03-05-voa13.cfm Pakistan Cricket Ambush Controversy Focuses on Security], [[Voice of America]], 2009-03-5</ref><ref name="'Elite force should have killed terrorists'">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/world/Pakistan/10292058.html|title='Elite force should have killed terrorists'|last=Rehman Khan|first=Fasihur|date=2009-03-05|publisher=Gulfnews|accessdate=2009-03-07}}</ref>

Regarding [[Blasphemy law in Pakistan]], Musharraf cited that Pakistani nation is sensitive to religious issues and the Blasphemy law should stay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Musharraf: Blasphemy law cannot be an excuse for murder|url=http://www.kalam.tv/ur/video/59455/index.html|accessdate=23 January 2011}}</ref>

He also warned of a new [[military coup]]<ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gj6MpCautOCNiQti4vPSyV5Q1JEQ?docId=CNG.87fc43de98513173dcce8b64af55cda1.b61 AFP: Musharraf warns of new military coup in Pakistan]. Google.com (2010-09-29). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> and said the military must play a bigger role in order to gain stability in Pakistan.<ref>Blua, Antoine. (2010-09-30) [http://www.rferl.org/content/Musharraf_Warns_Of_New_Military_Coup_Threat_In_Pakistan/2172443.html Musharraf Says Pakistani Military Must Play Bigger Role, Warns Of Possible Coup – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2011]. Rferl.org. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>

On October 24, 2011 he visited Washington College to talk about "Pakistan, regional security and terrorism" <ref>[http://washingtoncollegenews.blogspot.com/2011/10/former-pakistani-president-pervez.html]</ref>.

===Legal problems===
The PML-N has tried to get Pervez Musharraf to stand trial in an article 6 trial for treason in relation to the emergency on November 3, 2007.<ref>[http://www.geo.tv/8-22-2009/48040.htm Musharraf’s trial under Article 6 ‘Indispensable’: Nawaz]. GEO.tv. Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> The Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gilani has said a consensus resolution is required in national assembly for an article 6 trial of Pervez Musharraf<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\08\20\story_20-8-2009_pg1_4 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref>
“I have no love lost for Musharraf ... if parliament decides to try him, I will be with parliament. Article 6 cannot be applied to one individual ... those who supported him are today in my cabinet and some of them have also joined the PML-N ... the MMA, the MQM and the PML-Q supported him ... this is why I have said that it is not doable,” said the Prime Minister while informally talking to editors and also replying to questions by journalists at an Iftar-dinner he had hosted for them.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\09\17\story_17-9-2009_pg1_1 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2009-09-17). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Meanwhile, Proclamation of Emergency and Revocation is the constitutional right of the President of Pakistan, according to the constitution of Pakistan, Article 232 and Article 236.<ref>[http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part10.html Part X: Emergency Provisions]. Pakistani.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> On 15 February 2008, the Supreme Court has delivered detailed judgement to validate the Proclamation of Emergency on 3 November 2007, the Provisional Constitution Order No 1 of 2007 and the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007.<ref>[http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=694527&currPageNo=2&query=&search=&term=&supDate= Business Recorder [Pakistan's First Financial Daily&#93;]. Brecorder.com (2004-01-01). Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref> Saudi Arabia has agreements in place to stop any article 6 trial in Pakistan in relation to Pervez Musharraf due to Saudi Arabia's long standing friendship with all of the political parties in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\09\02\story_2-9-2009_pg1_1 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2009-09-02). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\09\14\story_14-9-2009_pg1_1 Leading News Resource of Pakistan]. Daily Times (2009-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-01-23.</ref> Sharif is under tremendous pressure from Saudi Arabia to shun his demand for Musharraf’s trial under the Article Six of the Constitution<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/saudi-arabias-love-for-nawaz-sharif-lost_100246455.html Saudi Arabia’s ‘love’ for Nawaz Sharif lost?]. Thaindian.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-27.</ref>

Abbottabad's district and sessions judge in a [[missing persons (Pakistan)|missing person]]'s case passed judgment asking the authorities to declare Pervez Musharraf a proclaimed offender.<ref name="Dawn court case">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/19-abbottabad-court-rules-against-musharraf-hh-03|title=Abbottabad court rules against Musharraf|last=Javed|first=Rashid|date=2009-10-31|publisher=Dawn|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref> On February 11, 2011 the Anti Terrorism Court,<ref>Pakistan Issues Arrest Warrent [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/12/pakistan-issue-arrest-warrant-musharraf issued an arrest warrant]</ref> issued an arrest warrant for Musharraf and charged him with conspiracy to commit murder of [[Benazir Bhutto]]. On 8 March 2011, the Sindh High Court registered treason charges against him.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Court-orders-registration-of-treason-charges-against-Musharraf/Article1-670964.aspx# "Court orders registration of treason charges against Musharraf"], Hindustan Times. March 8, 2011. Accessed March 8, 2011</ref>

==Personal life==
Musharraf is the second son with two brothers &mdash; Javed and Naved.<ref name="duggerbio"/><ref name="mombbc">"Musharraf Mother Meets Indian PM." BBC News, 21 Mar. 2005. Web. 15 June 2011. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4368099.stm].</ref><ref name="chitkara"/> Javed became a high-ranking foreign service officer in the Pakistan Army.<ref name="chitkara"/> Naved is an [[anesthesiologist]] who has lived in [[Chicago, United States|Chicago]] since his medical residency at [[Cook County Hospital]] in 1956.<ref name="duggerbio"/><ref name="chitkara"/> Naved is married to an American wife - Linda - and has two children.<ref name="chitkara"/>

Musharraf married Sehba on 28 December 1968.<ref name="worth"/> Sehba is from [[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]]. They have a daughter, Ayla, and a son, Bilal.<ref name="chitkara"/><ref name="officialbio">{{cite web|year = 2006|month = August|url = http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/Biography.aspx |title = General Pervez Musharraf|publisher = Office of the Press Secretary to the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |accessdate = 2006-08-30}}</ref> He named Bilal after a close friend that died in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref name="duggerbio"/> Bilal is an [[actuary]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] for the state government of [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="duggerbio"/> Bilal is married.<ref name="chitkara"/> Ayla is an architect married to a musician and they have a daughter Mariam.<ref name="chitkara"/>

Musharraf published his autobiography &mdash; [[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]] &mdash; in 2006.

As President, he had two [[Pekingese]] pet dogs. He was also blamed for the theft of the mobile phone (Galaxy S2) of a very eminent Indian personality, Mr. Aushim R. Krishan who is a leading Technology Analyst at Barclay's Capital. <ref name="weaver"/>

==See also==
{{Portal box|Pakistan|Government of Pakistan}}
* [[Enlightened Moderation]]
* [[Line of succession to President of Pakistan]]
* [[List of national leaders]]
* [[Politics of Pakistan]]
* [[Self-coup]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Books==
* Pervez Musharraf, ''[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]]'' (2006)

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Pervez Musharraf}}
;Official
*[http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=351 General Pervez Musharraf], official [[Pakistan Army]] profile
*[http://www.musharraffoundation.org/ Pervez Musharraf Foundation]
;Interviews and statements
*{{C-SPAN|pervezmusharraf}}
*{{Charlie Rose view|275}}
*{{IMDb name|1519635}}
* [http://www.usip.org/events/2003/0625_CIBpakistan.html Address by Pervez Musharraf] to [[U.S. Institute of Peace]] (text, audio & video available) June 2003
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5081-2004May31.html Plea for Enlightened Moderation], Pervez Musharraf, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 13 May 2004
;Media coverage
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-no00-2146}}
*{{Dawntopic|pervez-musharraf}}
*{{Guardiantopic|world/pervez-musharraf}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/m/pervez_musharraf}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4797762.stm Profile: Pervez Musharraf], ''[[BBC News]]'', 16 June 2009
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1156716.stm Timeline: Pakistan, a chronology of key events], ''[[BBC News]]''
*[http://ezine.pk/?Was-Kargil-A-Conspiracy-Against-Pakistan&id=1761 Was Kargil A Conspiracy Against Pakistan?], e-zine.pk, 14 May 2011, conspiracy theory involving Musharraf, the U.S. and India

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{{s-ttl|title=Commander of [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]]|years=1995–1998}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]|years=1998–2001}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]|years=1999–2002}}
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|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[President of Pakistan]]|years=2001–2008}}
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{{Persondata
|NAME = Musharraf, Pervez
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = پرويز مشرف (Urdu)
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[President of Pakistan]]
|DATE OF BIRTH = 11 August 1943
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Daryaganj]], [[Delhi]], India
|DATE OF DEATH = living
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musharraf, Pervez}}

[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:All Pakistan Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Attempted assassination survivors]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Forman Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Member of the Special Forces of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Musharraf family]]
[[Category:Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Pakistani libertarians]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (Q) politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Turkey]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Pakistani memoirists]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslims]]
[[Category:Patricians (St Patrick's High School, Karachi)]]
[[Category:People from Karachi]]
[[Category:Pervez Musharraf|Pervez Musharraf]]
[[Category:Presidents of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tamgha-e-Basalat]]

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[[it:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[he:פרבז מושארף]]
[[ka:პერვეზ მუშარაფი]]
[[kk:Первез Мушарраф]]
[[lv:Pervezs Mušarafs]]
[[hu:Pervez Musarraf]]
[[ml:പർവേസ് മുഷാറഫ്]]
[[mr:परवेझ मुशर्रफ]]
[[arz:بيرفيز مشرف]]
[[ms:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[nl:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[ne:परवेज मुशर्रफ]]
[[new:परवेज मुशर्रफ]]
[[ja:パルヴェーズ・ムシャラフ]]
[[no:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[nn:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[oc:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[uz:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[pnb:پرویز مشرف]]
[[ps:پروېز مشرف]]
[[pl:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[pt:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[ru:Мушарраф, Первез]]
[[sa:परवेज़ मुशर्रफ़]]
[[simple:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[sk:Parvíz Mušaraf]]
[[sl:Pervez Mušaraf]]
[[sr:Первез Мушараф]]
[[sh:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[su:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[fi:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[sv:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[tl:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[ta:பெர்வேஸ் முஷாரஃப்]]
[[kab:Pervez Mucarraf]]
[[te:పర్వేజ్ ముషార్రఫ్]]
[[th:เปอร์เวซ มูชาร์ราฟ]]
[[tr:Pervez Müşerref]]
[[uk:Первез Мушарраф]]
[[ur:پرویز مشرف]]
[[ug:پەرۋەز مۇشەررەڧ]]
[[vi:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[yo:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[zh-yue:穆沙拉夫]]
[[zh:佩尔韦兹·穆沙拉夫]]

Revision as of 23:26, 9 March 2012

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