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Peru–Philippines relations

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Peru–Philippines relations
Map indicating locations of Peru and Philippines

Peru
Philippines
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Peru, Bangkok, concurrent to the PhilippinesEmbassy of the Philippines, Santiago, concurrent to Peru

Peru–Philippines relations refers to the bilateral relations between Peru and the Philippines. Both countries are predominantly Roman Catholic and were ruled by the Spanish Empire for centuries. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Philippines has a non-resident ambassador in Chile and Peru has a non-resident ambassador in Thailand.

History

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Early history

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During the colonial period, there was significant trade between the two colonies. But there were frequent shifts and reversals of the trade volumes. Following the Spanish conquest of the Philippines in 1560, the islands became a focal point of trans-Pacific trade between Peru and China. Large quantities of silver were exported from Peru, whilst luxury goods such as silk were imported from China via the Philippines. However, in 1581 the Spanish crown awarded monopoly to the port of Acapulco for the trade over the Pacific.[1] However, the traders of Peru continued to trade with the Philippines, in violation of the Royal Decree.[2] Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa, the governor-general of the Philippines, sent galleons to Peru in 1581 and 1582 carrying the message that trade with Manila was illegal.[2] Though illegal, the trade continued in secret. Benefiting from cheaper Asian goods; a commercial alliance between Mexico, Manila and Lima was formed against Madrid which imposed more expensive imports from the Spanish capital due to their forced monopoly. The smuggling of Chinese goods to Peru involved both Peruvian merchants and politicians.[3]

As of the early 17th century, there were significant imports of Chinese goods to the cities of Lima and Potosí. The peak year was 1602, when the imports from Asia was estimated at a value of 5 million pesos.[4] Meanwhile, Peru sent colonists and soldiers to the Philippines. In 1635 the former governor of Panama, Don Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, brought a large number of Peruvian soldiers and colonists to settle the Fortress-City of Zamboanga in the Philippines.[5] In 1793, the Philippines Company was given permission to resume exports to Peru.[6]

19th century

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After the Latin American wars of independence, Peruvians were among the Latin-Americans which supported the self-proclaimed Emperor of the Philippines, Andres Novales, in his failed revolt against Spain.[7]

20th century

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Peru recognised the Philippines as an independent state in 1946. Before an embassy was opened in Peru, Philippine interests in the country were represented by the U.S. embassy.[8]

21st century

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In 2008, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Peruvian President Alan García held bilateral talks and shared commonalities talking about the kinship between their two countries. Following on the meeting of the two Presidents, it was announced in 2008 that the re-introduction of the Spanish language in Philippine schools in 2009 would be a very timely move as the Philippines and Peru had agreed to expand their diplomatic, bilateral and trade relations.[9] In 2009, a Philippines Department of Education order titled a Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MLE) detailed a planned educational methodology which did not involve the Spanish language.[10]

In 2023, Peruvian President Dina Boluarte announced that her country will reopen an embassy in Manila.[11]

High-level visits

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High-level visits from the Philippines to Peru

High-level visits from Peru to the Philippines

Diplomatic missions

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ John Robert Fisher (1997). The Economic Aspects of Spanish Imperialism in America, 1492-1810. Liverpool University Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-0-85323-552-1.
  2. ^ a b Jose Maria S. Luengo (1996). A History of the Manila-Acapulco Slave Trade (1565-1815). Mater Dei Publications. p. 132.
  3. ^ Shirley Fish (18 May 2011). The Manila-Acapulco Galleons : The Treasure Ships of the Pacific: With an Annotated List of the Transpacific Galleons 1565-1815. AuthorHouse. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4567-7543-8.
  4. ^ Charles Poor Kindleberger (1989). Spenders and Hoarders: The World Distribution of Spanish American Silver, 1550-1750. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 25. ISBN 978-981-3035-28-7.
  5. ^ "SECOND BOOK OF THE SECOND PART OF THE CONQUESTS OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND CHRONICLE OF THE RELIGIOUS OF OUR FATHER, ST. AUGUSTINE" (Zamboanga City History) "He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."
  6. ^ John Robert Fisher (1997). The Economic Aspects of Spanish Imperialism in America, 1492-1810. Liverpool University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-85323-552-1.
  7. ^ "Filipinos In Mexico’s History 4" (The Mexican Connection – The Cultural Cargo Of The Manila-Acapulco Galleons) By Carlos Quirino
  8. ^ Bustamante y Rivero, José Luis (1947). Mensaje presentado al Congreso Nacional al inaugurarse la Legislatura Ordinaria de 1947 (in Spanish). Lima. p. 80.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ "RP, PERU to expand trade relations". Bohol News Daily. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  10. ^ DepEd Order 74 of 2009 (PDF) (archived from the original on 2012-06-16)
  11. ^ "Peruvian President Boluarte invites PBBM to visit Peru, establish embassy". Presidential Communications Office. November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  12. ^ Diez Canseco Terry, Raúl (2017). 10 años al servicio de la comunidad filipina en el Perú (PDF) (in Spanish). Consulado General Honorario de Filipinas en el Perú. p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-08-05.
  13. ^ Adel, Rosette (November 17, 2015). "Leader of Peru, next APEC host, arrives in Manila". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  14. ^ "EMBASSY OF PERU IN THAILAND". peruthai.or.th.
  15. ^ "The Official Website of the Philippine Embassy in Santiago, Chile". santiagope.dfa.gov.ph.
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