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-{{Other uses}}
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-A '''person''' ([[plural]]: '''persons''' or '''[[people]]'''; from {{lang-la|persona}}, meaning "[[mask]]") is a being, such as a [[human]], that has certain capacities or attributes constituting [[personhood]], the precise definition of which is the subject of much controversy.
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-Prior to the advent of Christianity, the word "persona" (Latin) or "[[prosopon]]" (πρόσωπον: Greek) referred to the masks worn by actors on stage. The various masks represented the various "personae" in the stage play, while the masks themselves helped the actor's voice resonate and easier for the audience to hear.<ref name="CathEnc">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Geddes|first=Leonard|title=Person|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|location=New York|year=1911|volume=11|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11726a.htm|accessdate=2011-03-09|quote=The Latin word persona was originally used to denote the mask worn by an actor. From this it was applied to the role he assumed, and, finally, to any character on the stage of life, to any individual.}}</ref>
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-In Roman law, the word "persona" could also refer to a legal entity. The concept of a "person" was further developed during the [[Trinitarianism|Trinitarian]] and [[Christology|Christological]] debates of the first through sixth centuries.
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-Since then, a number of important changes to the word's meaning and use have taken place, and attempts have been made to redefine the word with varying degrees of adoption and influence.
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-==Personhood==
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-[[File:Paul Klee WI (In Memoriam) 1938.jpg|thumb|An abstract painting of a person by [[Paul Klee]]. The concept of a person can be very challenging to define.]]
-{{main|Personhood}}
-{{cquote|The criteria for being a person... are designed to capture those attributes which are the subject of our most humane concern with ourselves and the source of what we regard as most important and most problematical in our lives.|||Harry G. Frankfurt|}}
-Personhood is the status of being a person. Defining personhood is a controversial topic in [[philosophy]] and [[law]], and is closely tied to legal and [[political]] concepts of [[citizenship]], [[equality before the law|equality]], and [[liberty]]. According to law, only a [[natural person]] or [[legal personality]] has [[rights]], protections, privileges, responsibilities, and [[legal liability]].
-Personhood continues to be a topic of international debate. Historically, personhood was questioned during the abolition of [[slavery]], the fight for [[women's rights]], debates about [[abortion]], [[fetal rights]] and [[reproductive rights]] as well as debates about [[corporate personhood]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/us/politics/22scotus.html "Justices, 5-4, Reject Corporate Spending Limit"], ''The New York Times'', January 21, 2010.</ref>
-Various specific debates have focused and continue to focus on questions about the personhood of different classes of entities. Historically, the personhood of woman and slaves has been a point of social upheaval. Today, most adult humans are usually considered persons, but depending on the context, theory or definition, the category of "person" may be taken to include such [[Non human|non-human]] entities as [[animals]], [[corporations]], [[artificial intelligences]], or [[extraterrestrial life]]; and may exclude some human entities in [[prenatal]] development or those with extreme mental impairments or injuries.
-==Personal identity==
-[[Image:MontreGousset001.jpg|thumb|What does it take for individuals to persist from moment to moment — or in other words, for the same individual to exist at different moments?]]
-{{main|Personal identity}}
-Personal identity is the unique [[numerical identity]] of persons through time. That is to say, the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a person at one time and a person at another time can be said to be the ''same'' person, persisting through time. In the modern [[philosophy of mind]], this concept of personal identity is sometimes referred to as the ''[[wikt:diachronic|diachronic]]'' problem of personal identity. The ''[[wikt:synchronic|synchronic]]'' problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time.
-Identity is an issue for both [[continental philosophy]] and [[analytic philosophy]]. A key question in continental philosophy is in what sense we can maintain the modern conception of identity, while realizing many of our prior assumptions about the world are incorrect.
-Proposed solutions to the problem of personal identity include continuity of the physical body, continuity of an immaterial mind or soul, continuity of consciousness or memory, the bundle theory of self, and proposals that there are actually no persons or selves which persists over time at all.
-==See also==
-{{col-begin}}
-{{col-2}}
-* [[Anthropocentrism]]
-* [[Anthropology]]
-* [[Beginning of human personhood]]
-* [[Being]]
-* ''[[Capitis deminutio]]''
-* [[Moral character|Character]]
-* [[Citizenship]]
-* [[Consciousness]]
-* [[Corporate personhood]]
-* [[Great Ape personhood]]
-* [[Juridical person]]
-* [[Juristic person]]
-* [[Human]]
-* [[Identity (social science)|Identity]]
-{{col-2}}
-* [[Individual]]
-* [[Kant]]
-* [[Legal fiction]]
-* [[Nonperson]]
-* [[People]]
-* [[Personality psychology|Personality]]
-* [[Personhood movement]]
-* [[Personoid]]
-* [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]
-* [[Subject (philosophy)]]
-* [[Surety]]
-* [[Theory of mind]]
-{{col-end}}
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==Further reading==
-*{{cite book|editor1-last=Lukes|editor1-first=Steven|editor2-last=Carrithers|editor2-first=Michael|editor3-last=Collins|editor3-first=Steven|title=The category of the person: Anthropology, philosophy, history|year=1987|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-27757-4}}
-* Cornelia J.de Vogel ''The concept of personality in Greek and Christian thought''. In Studies in philosophy and the history of philosophy. Vol. 2. Edited by J. K. Ryan, Washington: Catholic University of America Press 1963. pp.&nbsp;20–60
-* {{cite book|last=Puccetti|first=Roland|title=Persons: A Study of Possible Moral Agents in the Universe|year=1968|publisher=Macmillan and Company|location=London}}
-* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Person}}
-* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Korfmacher|first=Carsten|title=Personal Identity|encyclopedia=The [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|date=May 29, 2006|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/person-i.htm|accessdate=2011-03-09}}
-==External links==
-{{Wiktionary|person}}
-* [http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/RNHP Rights of Non-Human Persons Program] (Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies)
-{{Particular human rights}}
-[[Category:Concepts in ethics]]
-[[Category:Humans]]
-[[Category:People| ]]
-[[Category:Personal life]]
-[[Category:Self]]
-[[ar:شخص]]
-[[arc:ܦܪܨܘܦܐ]]
-[[az:Şəxs]]
-[[bn:ব্যক্তি]]
-[[bg:Личност]]
-[[cs:Osoba]]
-[[da:Person]]
-[[de:Person]]
-[[et:Isik]]
-[[es:Persona]]
-[[eo:Persono]]
-[[gl:Persoa]]
-[[ko:인 (법률)]]
-[[hy:Անձ]]
-[[id:Individu]]
-[[it:Persona (filosofia)]]
-[[kk:Жабысқақтық]]
-[[sw:Nafsi]]
-[[lt:Asmenybė]]
-[[li:Perzoeën]]
-[[mr:व्यक्ती]]
-[[ne:व्यक्ति]]
-[[ja:人 (法律)]]
-[[nrm:Pèrsonne]]
-[[pl:Osoba]]
-[[ru:Личность]]
-[[scn:Pirsuna]]
-[[sk:Jedinec]]
-[[so:Qof]]
-[[fi:Henkilö]]
-[[tl:Pagkatao]]
-[[ta:ஆள்]]
-[[chy:Vo'êstane]]
-[[uk:Особа]]
-[[yi:פערזאן]]
-[[zh:個人]]