Praskovya Angelina
Pasha Angelina | |
|---|---|
 Angelina in 1936 | |
| Born | December 30 [O.S. January 12] 1912 |
| Died | 21 January 1959 (aged 46) Moscow, USSR |
| Title | Deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Awards | Hero of Socialist Labour (2) Stalin Prize Order of Lenin (2) Order of the Red Banner of Labour |
Praskovya "Pasha" Nikitichna Angelina (Russian: Праско́вья Ники́тична Анге́лина; December 30 [O.S. January 12] 1912 – 21 January 1959) was a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, udarnik and Stakhanovite at the time of the first Five-Year-Plans. She was recognized as one of the first female tractor-operators in the USSR and became a celebrity as a symbol of the technically educated female Soviet worker.[1][2]
Biography
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2023) |
Angelina was born in Starobesheve, into a Greek family of peasants.[3] Her father was a farmhand and her mother whitewashed huts.[4] In 1929, she started attending tractor-driving courses in her native oblast while also working at a dairy farm. In 1933, she organized an all-female tractor team that was reported to have achieved 129% of the quota and thus to have ranked first among the tractor teams of the region. She was made a celebrity, placed prominently in the media and depicted on propaganda posters. Pasha’s rallying speeches at the February 1935 conferences of shock workers and Kolkhoz Shock Workers, along with his address at the Conference of Advanced Agricultural Workers in December 1935[5].In the same year, she was among the "Champions of Agricultural Labour" selected to hold a conference with the leaders of the Party and state in the Kremlin. At that conference, she officially promised to organize 10 more female tractor teams in her raion. In 1938 she signed an appeal entitled "One hundred thousand (female) friends - onto the tractor!" (Russian: "Сто тысяч подруг - на трактор!"). Women shouldering work with tractors made it possible for more men to be drafted into the Soviet Army before and during World War II. During the Second World War, Angelina studied agriculture in Moscow for two years and then worked as a brigade leader in the Kazakh SSR until the end of hostilities.[6][7] After the war, she returned to work in the same function in Starobeshevo.
She was elected into the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in 1937,[8] 1946 and 1950.
In 1948, Angelina authored an autobiographical book, The People of the Kolkhoz Fields.[9][10]
She died of cirrhosis in Moscow in 1959.[11]
Awards
[edit]- twice a Hero of Socialist Labour (1947, 1958)[9][8][10]
- Stalin Prize (1946)[9][8]
- three Orders of Lenin[9]
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Галактионова, Вероника (2021). "Трактористка Паша Ангелина: неизвестная история любовницы Сталина" (in Russian). marieclaire.ru.
- ^ Макаренков, Никита (2021-02-19). "Самая известная трактористка Советского Союза - Паша Ангелина: Что погубило прославленную на весь мир колхозницу?" (in Russian). donetsk.kp.ru.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1994). Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village After Collectivization. Oxford University Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-19-510459-2.
- ^ Sergei Tretyakov, «Девять девушек», Вчера и сегодня: очерки русских советских писателей, Vol. 1, p. 306; tr. as "Nine Girls," in James Von Geldern and Richard Stites (eds.), Mass Culture in Soviet Russia: Tales, Poems, Songs, Movies, Plays, and Folklore, 1917-1953 (Indiana University Press, 1995: ISBN 0-253-32893-4), p. 218.
- ^ Erickson, John; Erickson, Ljubica; Erickson, Mark, eds. (2005). Russia: war, peace and diplomacy: essays in honour of John Erickson. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84913-1. OCLC 56805979.
- ^ Казахстан в период Великой Отечественной войны Советского Союза, 1941-1945: Июнь 1941-1943 гг (in Russian). Наука. 1964.
- ^ Nurbekova, Gulzhamilya (1988). Женщины Казахстана-фронту: трудовой подвиг женщин Казахстана в промышленности и сельском хозяйстве республики в годы Великой Отечественной войны (in Russian). Kazakhstan. ISBN 978-5-615-00025-6.
- ^ a b c Ангелина, Праск. Никитична // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., Советская энциклопедия, 1991. стр.52
- ^ a b c d e Ангелина, Прасковья Никитична // Большая Советская Энциклопедия / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. Т.1. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1969
- ^ a b Ангелина, Прасковья Никитична // Большая Российская Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов. том 1. М., научное издательство "Большая Российская Энциклопедия", 2005. стр.680
- ^ Трактор и судьба (in Russian)
Sources
[edit]- Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 2nd edition.
- М. Голышев. Первая трактористка // Человек трудом славен. М., 1981.
- Ангелина Прасковья Никитична // Великая Отечественная война 1941 — 1945. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., Советская энциклопедия, 1985. стр.49
External links
[edit]
- My Answer to an American Questionnaire — A broad autobiography by Angelina Praskovya (English) [Archive]
- Interview with Angelina's nephew — (Russian) [Archive]
- Interview with Angelina's daughter — (Russian)
- 'Pasha Angelina' — A series of poems about 'Pasha' Angelina in Mariupol Greek (with translation into standard modern Greek) by Leontij Kyrjakov, giving account of Angelina's life [Archive]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
- 1912 births
- 1959 deaths
- People from Donetsk Oblast
- People from Mariupolsky Uyezd
- First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
- Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
- Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
- Fourth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
- Fifth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
- Heroes of Socialist Labour
- Recipients of the Stalin Prize
- Recipients of the Order of Lenin
- Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Propaganda in the Soviet Union
- Russian people of Greek descent
- Soviet people of Greek descent
- Deaths from cirrhosis