Misima language
(Redirected from Panakrusima language)
| Misima | |
|---|---|
| Misima-Panaeati | |
| Region | Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 18,000 (2002)[1] 4,000 monolinguals |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mpx |
| Glottolog | misi1243 |
Misima-Panaeati, also called Misiman, is an indigenous Austronesian language spoken on the islands of Misima, Panaeati, and the islands of the eastern half of the Calvados Chain of Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
[edit]Vowels
[edit]Misima-Paneati has five vowel phonemes.[2]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i /i/ | u /u/ |
| Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ |
| Low | a /a ~ ə ~ ʌ/ | |
Consonants
[edit]Misima-Paneati has 17 consonant phonemes.[2]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Labialized | Plain | Labialized | Plain | |||||
| Stop | Voiceless | p /p/ | pw /pʷ/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||||
| Voiced | b /b/ | bw /bʷ/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | gw /ɡʷ/ | ||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | mw /mʷ/ | n /n ~ ŋ/ | ||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | s /s/ | h /h/ | ||||||
| Voiced | v /β/ | ||||||||
| Approximant | y /j ~ ʝ/ | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l /l/ | ||||||||
Syllables
[edit]In Misima-Paneati, the following syllable types commonly occur: V, CV, CVC, and VC.[3]
The open syllables V and CV are found in all positions of words, whereas the closed syllables CVC and VC are only found word finally and across morpheme boundaries, with the exception of the following five words:[3]
- /ˈamna/ – 'feelings'
- /ˈkimpos/ – 'centre pole'
- /kinˈbʷai/ – 'fingernail'
- /sinˈɡili/ – 'centre rib of coconut leaf'
- /tabˈnaha/ – 'sneeze'
The only monomorphemic consonant clusters that always occur across syllable boundaries are:[4]
- /mn/
- /mp/
- /nb/
- /nɡ/
- /bn/
Notes
[edit]- ^ Misima at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Callister 1993, p. 1
- ^ a b Callister 1993, p. 17
- ^ Callister 1993, p. 18
External links
[edit]- Materials on Misima are included in the open access Arthur Capell collections (AC1 and AC2) and the Malcolm Ross collection (MR1) held by Paradisec.
References
[edit]- Callister, Sandra (2005). Baaba ana talisi ana buki. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. ISBN 9980-0-3055-0.
- Callister, William (1993). "Misiman phonology". Phonologies of Austronesian languages. 2: 1–24.