Order of Karađorđe Star
Order of Karađorđe Star Орден Карађорђеве звезде | |
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![]() The Grand Cross of the dynastic order | |
Awarded by ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
Type | State order (1904-1945; 2010- ) Dynastic order (since 1945) |
Established | 1904 |
Eligibility | Serbian citizens |
Awarded for | Special merits and successes in representing Serbia and its citizens (State order) |
Status | Active |
Classes | 1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade (Republic of Serbia) Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer, Knight/Dame (H. of Karađorđević) |
Statistics | |
First induction | 1904 (Kingdom of Serbia) 1945 (House of Karađorđević) 2010 (Republic of Serbia) |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Order of the Serbian Flag (Republic of Serbia) Order of St. Prince Lazar (H. of Karađorđević) |
Next (lower) | Order of the White Eagle with the swords (Republic of Serbia) Order of the White Eagle (H. of Karađorđević) |
Ribbon bars of the state order |
The Order of Karađorđe Star (Serbian: Орден Карађорђеве звезде, romanized: Orden Karađorđeve zvezde) is the third highest state order of Serbia. The order is awarded by the decree of the President of the Republic on special occasions, typically at the ceremonies held on the Statehood Day. It is awarded for special merits and successes in representing Serbia and its citizens. It can be awarded to individuals and institutions.
Order of Karađorđe Star is also a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
Originating in the Kingdom of Serbia it was initially awarded exclusively to Serbian citizens in return for services rendered to the Serbian state and the Serbian people. During the Balkan Wars and World War I, the order was mostly awarded for acts of bravery on the battlefield. The post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia retained the order, and it was awarded by the Yugoslav government-in-exile until the end of World War II. Following the war, the monarchy was abolished and a communist government came to power suppressing the order along with other monarchist symbols, although it continued as a dynastic order, awarded by the Karađorđević family in exile.
History
[edit]The Order of Karađorđe Star was instituted by the royal decree of King Peter I on 1 January 1904, commemorating his recent accession to the Serbian throne, as well as the one-hundredth anniversary of the First Serbian Uprising. It was meant to replace the Order of the Cross of Takovo and the Order of Miloš the Great, two decorations that had been awarded by the rival Obrenović dynasty, which ruled Serbia prior to the May 1903 coup d'état that reinstated Peter's house of Karađorđević after several decades in exile. The first award was disagreeable to the Karađorđevićes and their supporters because it was named after Takovo, the village where the house of Obrenović founder Miloš Obrenović had launched the Second Serbian Uprising. The Order of Miloš the Great had to be replaced as it was named after Obrenović himself.[1]
Initially, the Order of Karađorđe Star was categorized as a senior state award, and organized into four classes. The Grand Cross of Karađorđe Star, the highest class, consisted of a badge of the Order on a sash and breast star; a Grand Officer of Karađorđe Star was decorated with a badge necklet and a slightly smaller breast star; a Commander of Karađorđe Star was only awarded a badge necklet; and the recipient of the Order's fourth class, the Officer of Karađorđe Star, would receive a small triangular chest ribbon.[2] The Order was usually awarded for services to the Karađorđević dynasty, the Serbian state or the Serb people, while Karađorđević princes received a Grand Cross at baptism. Recipients included both soldiers and civilians, though until 1906 only Serbian citizens were permitted to receive the award.[1]
During the Balkan Wars, the Kingdom of Serbia introduced the War Merit Order of Karađorđe Star to reward acts of "conspicuous gallantry of commissioned officers in the field", as well as the battlefield victories of the Royal Serbian Army's senior officers; non-commissioned officers and soldiers in the field were ineligible.[1] In June 1915, at the height of World War I, the Kingdom of Serbia instituted a sub-division of the War Merit Order, called the Military Order, which was awarded to NCOs and soldiers for bravery in combat. The War Merit Order was divided into two classes: the 1st division Gold Cross and the 2nd division Silver Cross.[2] One of the recipients of the Military Order was the highly decorated female soldier Milunka Savić,[3] and another was Flora Sandes,[4][5] the only British woman to openly serve as a soldier in the war.[6] Several senior Serbian military leaders were recipients of the War Merit Order, including Prince Regent Alexander, and Field marshals Živojin Mišić and Stepa Stepanović. Foreign recipients included American General John J. Pershing, the British Field marshal Douglas Haig, the French generals Joseph Joffre, Maurice Sarrail, Philippe Pétain, and Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, and King Ferdinand I of Romania.[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flora_Sandes.png/220px-Flora_Sandes.png)
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia retained the order after World War I.[7] In 1939, it was awarded to the city of Belgrade.[8] During World War II, Peter II bestowed the order upon a number of Chetniks on the recommendation of Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović. Some of the decorated Chetnik commanders included Pavle Đurišić,[9] Dobroslav Jevđević,[10] Momčilo Đujić,[11] Brane Bogunović[12] and Uroš Drenović.[13] These decorations proved controversial both during and after the war, as many of the commanders cooperated with the armed forces of Germany, Italy or even Independent State of Croatia against the Communist-led Yugoslav Partisans for most of the occupation period. Such a discrepancy can best be seen in the case of Đujić, who was given the order for displaying "gallantry in the face of the enemy", and subsequently celebrated receiving it at an Italian general's headquarters.[11] In Jevđević's case, the Order was given in 1943 for his services to the Serb population of Herzegovina during a series of Ustaše massacres, but Mihailović had news of the award suppressed, because Jevđević had visited Rome to plan an anti-communist offensive with the Italians and his forces had carried out several massacres of non-Serbs over the previous several years.[10]
After the war, Yugoslavia came under the rule of communist president Josip Broz Tito, and Karađorđević-era medals and orders were replaced by non-royal decorations, such as the Order of the People's Hero.[14] In the 1990s, the Republika Srpska instated its own decoration also called the Order of Karađorđe Star, though this is not to be confused with the decoration historically awarded by Serbian state and the house of Karađorđević.[1][a]
In 2010, the order was reinstated as an official state order, being third highest state decoration.[14] In 2012, tennis player Novak Djokovic became the first person to receive the Order after it was reinstated.[17][18] In 2020, Nobel Prize winner Peter Handke received the order.[19]
Design
[edit]The order comes in either gold or silver depending on class, and the obverse features a white enameled cross pattée with gilt rays protruding from each of the arms. The rays are intersected diagonally by a pair of sabres when the recipient is awarded an Order "with swords". Dznastic orders contain a blue medallion at the centre depicting a Serbian cross with a fire-steel at each corner, with the words "For Faith and Freedom, 1804" etched into the small circle in the middle of the cross. The reverse of these orders contains a red medallion depicting a white eagle, with the words "Peter I, 1904" written around it. The bravery medals awarded from 1915 onwards were almost identical to the orders awarded before, save for the crossed swords being present on all of them regardless of class. Such orders also lacked the phrase etched into the obverse of the older ones and the date 1904 on the reverse, which marked the centenary of the First Serbian Uprising. Instead, they merely had King Peter's name on the obverse beside the year when the order was bestowed.[2]
Ranks
[edit]State Order of Karađorđe Star has three classes.
1st class | 2nd class | 3rd class |
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Notable recipients
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Novak_Djokovic_Eastbourne_tennis_2017-102_%2835585065596%29.jpg/200px-Novak_Djokovic_Eastbourne_tennis_2017-102_%2835585065596%29.jpg)
1st class
[edit]- 2024 - Katherine Karađorđević
- 2022 - Siniša Mihajlović
- 2021 - Miki Manojlović
- 2021 - Bora Đorđević
- 2021 - Momčilo Bajagić Bajaga
- 2021 - Milan Cile Marinković
- 2021 - Stefan Milenkovich
- 2021 - Predrag Antonijević
- 2020 - Peter Handke
- 2020 - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 2018 - Ljubiša Diković
- 2016 - Paralympic Committee of Serbia
- 2017 - Olympic Committee of Serbia
- 2012 - Novak Djokovic
2nd class
[edit]- 2021 - Serb National Council of Montenegro
- 2021 - Air Serbia
- 2021 - Minja Subota
- 2020 - Danica Grujičić
- 2017 - Nemanja Radulović
3rd class
[edit]- 2023 - Zoran Kalabić
- 2021 - Nataša Drakulić
- 2017 - Marina Maljković
- 2017 - Ivana Španović
- 2017 - Jelena Janković
- 2017 - Ana Ivanovic
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Đujić received the Republika Srpska's Order in 1998 for his contributions to the Bosnian Serbs,[15] as did the warlord Željko Ražnatović ("Arkan").[16]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Serbian Royal Family 1997.
- ^ a b c Clarke 2000, p. 218.
- ^ Voice of Serbia 17 July 2014.
- ^ The New York Times 31 December 1916.
- ^ Finder 2000, p. 249.
- ^ Smith 2000, p. 8.
- ^ Banac 1984, p. 150.
- ^ City of Belgrade 25 December 2003.
- ^ Maclean 1957, p. 210.
- ^ a b Roberts 1973, p. 68.
- ^ a b Maclean 1949, pp. 354–55.
- ^ Dedijer 1946, p. 387.
- ^ Dedijer 1990, p. 17.
- ^ a b Glas javnosti 6 May 2010.
- ^ Hoare 2007, p. 354.
- ^ Demaria & Wright 2006, p. 94.
- ^ Balkan Insight 14 February 2012.
- ^ CNN 16 February 2012.
- ^ Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Uručena odlikovanja povodom Dana državnosti". www.rts.rs. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Works cited
[edit]- Books
- Banac, Ivo (1984). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9493-2.
- Clarke, John (2000). Gallantry Medals & Decorations of the World. London: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-0-85052-783-4.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1946). Dnevnik: Svedočanstva iz oslobodilačkog rata. (Od 28 Novembra 1942 do 10 Novembra 1943). Državni izdavački zavod Jugoslavije.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1990). The War Diaries of Vladimir Dedijer. Vol. 2. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10109-2.
- Demaria, Cristina; Wright, Colin (2006). Post-conflict Cultures: Rules of Representation. New York: Zoilus Press. ISBN 978-1-902878-58-4.
- Finder, Jennifer (2000). "Women Travellers in the Balkans: A Biographical Guide". In Allcock, John B.; Young, Antonia (eds.). Black Lambs and Grey Falcons: Women Travellers in the Balkans (2 ed.). Bradford, Yorkshire: University of Bradford. ISBN 978-1-57181-807-2.
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. London: Saqi. ISBN 978-0-86356-953-1.
- Maclean, Fitzroy (1949). Eastern Approaches. Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-8094-3565-4. OCLC 177456.
- Maclean, Fitzroy (1957). Disputed Barricade: The Life and Times of Josip Broz-Tito, Marshal of Jugoslavia. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-598-56693-5. OCLC 328091.
- Roberts, Walter R. (1973). Tito, Mihailović and the Allies 1941–1945. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0773-0.
- Smith, Angela K. (2000). The Second Battlefield: Women, Modernism and the First World War. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5301-6.
- Websites
- "Wounded English Girl Wins Serbian Cross: Prince Regent Decorates Sergeant Sandes for Bravery in the Trenches" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 December 1916.
- "The Order of the Star of Karageorge". Serbian Royal Family. 1997. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012.
- "Odlikovanja Beograda" [Awards and Decorations of Belgrade] (in Serbian). City of Belgrade. 25 December 2003.
- "Ponovo Karađorđeva zvezda i medalja Miloša Obilića" [Star of Karađorđe and Obilić Medal Reinstated] (in Serbian). Glas javnosti. 6 May 2010.
- "Serbia to Bestow Honour on Tennis Star Djokovic". Balkan Insight. 14 February 2012.
- "'National hero' Djokovic given Serbia's highest honor". CNN. 16 February 2012.
- "Milunka Savić, the most awarded female combatant in the history of warfare". Voice of Serbia. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2015.