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{{about|the colour|the fruit|Orange (fruit)|the word|Orange (word)}}
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{{infobox color
| title= Orange
| image = Image:Color icon orange v2.svg
| wavelength=590–620
| frequency=505–480
| hex= FF7F00
| r=255|g=127|b= 0
| c= 0|m= 50|y=100|k= 0
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The [[colour]] '''orange''' takes its name from the [[orange (fruit)|orange]] fruit. On the [[spectrum of light]], and in the
traditional [[colour wheel]] used by painters, it is located between [[red]] and [[yellow]].

In Europe and America, orange is commonly associated with amusement, the unconventional, extroverts, fire, activity, danger, taste and aroma, the [[autumn]] season, and [[Protestantism]]. In Asia, it is an important symbolic colour of [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]].<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 149–158</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Main|Orange (word)}}

The colour orange is named after the appearance of the ripe [[orange (fruit)|orange fruit]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Paterson|first=Ian|title=A Dictionary of Colour: A Lexicon of the Language of Colour |edition=1st paperback|year=2003|publication-date=2004|publisher=Thorogood|location=London|isbn=1-85418-375-3|oclc=60411025|page=280}}</ref>

The word comes from the Old French ''orenge'', from the old term for the fruit, ''pomme d'orenge''.
That name comes from the Arabic ''naranj'', through the Persian ''naranj'', derived from the [[sanskrit]] ''naranga''.<ref>''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 5th edition, 2002.</ref>

Before this word was introduced to the English-speaking world, the colour was referred to as ''ġeolurēad'' (''yellow-red'').

The first recorded use of ''orange'' as a colour name in English was in 1512,<ref>{{cite web|title=orange colour – orange color, n. (and adj.)|url=http://www.oed.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/Entry/132168|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=OED|accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Maerz |first=Aloys John |coauthor=Morris Rea Paul |title=A Dictionary of Color |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1930 |page=200}}</ref> in a [[Will (law)|will]] now filed with the [[Public Record Office]].

==Shades and varieties of orange==
{{main|Shades of orange}}
<gallery>
File:Oranges macro.jpg|The colour orange derives its name from the orange fruit.
File:Arches3.png|Delicate Arch in [[Arches National Park]], Utah
File:Lifeboats at Arklow Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 1453984.jpg|Lifeboats in [[Arklow]] Harbour, Ireland. Orange is chosen for lifeboats and lifesaving jackets because of its high visibility.
File:LaoWalkingMonk.jpg|A young [[Buddhist monk]] in [[Laos]]
File:Sadhus in Rajasthan.jpg|Hindu [[Sadhus]], or holy men, in [[Rajasthan]], wear orange as a sacred colour
File:Saffron Crop.JPG|[[Saffron]] is both a [[spice]] and a widely used [[dye]] in Asia
File:Queensday 2011 Amsterdam 12.jpg|Celebrating [[Queensday]] in [[Amsterdam]]. The Royal family of the [[Netherlands]] belong to the [[House of Orange]].
</gallery>

==History and art==
In [[ancient Egypt]], artists used an orange mineral pigment called [[realgar]] for tomb paintings and other uses. It was also used later by Medieval artists for the colouring of manuscripts. Pigments were also made in ancient times from a mineral known as [[orpiment]]. Orpiment was an important item of trade in the [[Roman Empire]] and was used as a medicine in China although it contains arsenic and is highly toxic. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Because of its yellow-orange colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and the West.

Before the late 15th century, the colour orange existed in Europe, but without the name; it was simply called yellow-red. Spanish and Portuguese merchants brought the first orange trees to Europe from Asia in the late 15th and early 16th century, along with the sanskrit name "naranga," which gradually became "orange" in English. In parts of Germany, the Netherlands, and Russia, the orange fruit was and is still called the Chinese apple.

<gallery>.
File:Egypt lyre 001.jpg|People in ancient Egyptian wall paintings often were shown with orange or yellow-orange skin, painted with a pigment called [[realgar]].
File:Orpiment mineral.jpg|The mineral [[orpiment]] was a source of yellow and orange pigments in ancient Rome, though it contained [[arsenic]] and was highly toxic.
</gallery>

===The House of Orange===

The [[House of Orange-Nassau]] was one of the most influential royal houses in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. It originated in 1163 the tiny [[Principality of Orange]], a feudal state of 108 square miles north of [[Avignon]] in southern France. The principality of Orange took its name not from the fruit, but a Roman-Celtic settlement on the site which was founded in 36 or 35 BC and was named Arausio, after a [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Arausio (god)|water god]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of the Roman Empire |last=Bunson |first=Matthew |year=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=0-19-510233-9 |page=23 }}</ref>

The family of the Prince of Orange eventually adopted the name and the colour orange. The colour came to be associated with [[Protestantism]], due to participation by the House of Orange on the [[Protestant]] side in the [[French Wars of Religion]]. One member of the House, [[William I of Orange]], organized the Dutch resistance against [[Spanish Empire|Spain]], a war that [[Eighty Years' War|lasted for eighty years]], until the Netherlands won its independence. Another member, [[William III of Orange]], became King of England in 1689, after the downfall of the Catholic [[Stuart dynasty]].

Thanks to William III, orange became an important political colour in Britain and Europe. William was a Protestant, and as such he defended the Protestant minority of Ireland against the majority [[Roman Catholic]] population. As a result, the Protestants of Ireland were known as [[Orange Order|Orangemen]]. Orange eventually became one of the colours of the [[Irish flag]], symbolizing the Protestant heritage.

When the [[Boers|Dutch settlers]] of [[South Africa]] [[Boer Wars|rebelled against the British]] in the late 19th century, they organized what they called the [[Orange Free State]]. In the United States, the flag of the [[City of New York]] has an orange stripe, to remember the Dutch colonists who founded the city. William of Orange is also remembered as the founder of [[William and Mary College]], and [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] in New York is named after the House of Orange-Nassau.

<gallery>
File:King William III of England, (1650-1702) (lighter).jpg|[[William III of Orange]], ruler of both England and the Netherlands

File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg|The [[Orange Free State]] in [[South Africa]] was an independent [[Boer]] republic in the late 19th century, then a British colony, then part of the [[Union of South Africa]]. The orange colour came from the [[Orange River]], named for the Dutch [[House of Orange]]. The Dutch flag is in the upper left hand corner.

File:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|The flag of the [[Union of South Africa]] (1928-1994) had an orange stripe, due to [[House of Orange]] and the period when the country was a Dutch colony.

File:Flag of New York City.svg|The modern [[flag of New York City]] takes its colours from the Dutch flag of the 17th century, and has an orange stripe in honour of the House of Orange-Nassau.
</gallery>

===18th and 19th century===
In the 18th century, orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of [[Pomona]], the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the ''pomon'', the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in northern Europe, thanks to the 17th century invention of the heated greenhouse, a building type which became known as an [[orangerie]]. The French artist [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] depicted an allegorical figure of "inspiration" dressed in orange.

In 1797, a French scientist, [[Louis Vauquelin]], discovered the mineral [[crocoite]], or [[lead chromate]], which led in 1809 to the invention of the synthetic pigment [[chrome orange]]. Other synthetic pigments, [[cobalt red]], [[cobalt yellow]], and cobalt orange, the last made from [[cadmium sulfide]] plus [[cadmium selenide]], soon followed. These new pigments, plus the invention of the [[metal paint tube]] in 1841, made it possible for artists to paint outdoors and to capture the colours of natural light.

In Britain, orange became highly popular with the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelites]] and with history painters. The flowing red-orange hair of [[Elizabeth Siddal]], the wife of painter [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], became a symbol of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, [[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton|Lord Leighton]], the President of the Royal Academy, produced ''Flaming June'', a painting of a sleeping young woman in a bright orange dress, which won wide acclaim. [[Albert Joseph Moore]] painted festive scenes of Romans wearing orange cloaks brighter than any the Romans ever likely wore. In the United States, [[Winslow Homer]] brightened his palette with vivid oranges.

In France, painters took orange in an entirely different direction. In 1872, [[Claude Monet]] painted [[Impression Sunrise]], a tiny orange sun and some orange light reflected on the clouds and water in the centre of a hazy blue landscape. This painting gave its name to the [[impressionist]] movement.

Orange became an important colour for all the impressionist painters. They all had studied the recent books on colour theory, and they know that orange placed next to azure blue made both colours much brighter. [[Auguste Renoir]] painted boats with stripes of chrome orange paint straight from the tube. [[Paul Cézanne]] did not use orange pigment, but created his own oranges with touches of yellow, red and ochre against a blue background. [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] often used oranges in the skirts of dancers and gowns of Parisiennes in the cafes and clubs he portrayed. For him it was the colour of festivity and amusement.

The post-impressionists went even further with orange. [[Paul Gauguin]] used oranges as backgrounds, for clothing and skin colour, to fill his pictures with light and exoticism. But no other painter used orange so often and dramatically as [[Vincent van Gogh]]. who had shared a house with Gauguin in [[Arles]] for a time. For Van Gogh, orange and yellow were the pure sunlight of Provence. He created his own oranges with mixtures of yellow, ochre and red, and placed them next to slashes of sienna red and bottle green, and below a sky of turbulent blue and violet. He put an orange moon and stars in a cobalt blue sky. He wrote to his brother Theo of "searching for oppositions of blue with orange, of red with green, of yellow with violet, searching for broken colours and neutral colours to harmonize the brutality of extremes, trying to make the colours intense, and not a harmony of greys."<ref>Vincent van Gogh, ''Lettres a Theo'', p. 184.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Fragonard, Inspiration.jpg|''Inspiration'', by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] (1789)
File:1877-winslow-homer-the-new-novel.jpg|''The new novel'', by [[Winslow Homer]] (1877)
File:Regina-cordium-1860.jpg|The flowing red-orange hair of [[Elizabeth Siddal]], wife of painter [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], became a symbol of the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] movement (1860).
File:Moore Albert Midsummer.jpg|Midsummer, by [[Albert Joseph Moore]] (1848–1893)
File:Flaming June, by Fredrick Lord Leighton (1830-1896).jpg|''Flaming June'', by [[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton|Lord Leighton]] (1895)
File:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant, 1872.jpg|I''mpression- Sunrise'' by [[Claude Monet]] (1872) featured a tiny but vivid chrome orange sun. The painting gave its name to the Impressionist movement.
File:Renoir12.jpg|''Oarsmen at Chatou'' by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] (1879). Renoir knew that orange and blue brightened each other when put side by side.
File:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 033.jpg|[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] was extremely fond of orange, the colour of amusement.
File:Paul Gauguin 112.jpg|Self-portrait of Paul Gauguin (1888)
File:Paul Gauguin 135.jpg|''Vairumati'', by [[Paul Gauguin]] (1897)
File:Van Gogh - Der alte Friedhofsturm in Nuenen2.jpeg|''The old cemetery tower in Nuenen'', by [[Vincent van Gogh]] (1884)
File:Van Gogh - Weiden bei Sonnenuntergang.jpeg|Willow trees at sunset by Van Gogh, Arles (1888)
File:SelbstPortrait VG2.jpg|In his self-portrait, Van Gogh made the most of the contrast between the orange of his hair and the blue background.
File:VanGogh-starry night ballance1.jpg|''Starry Night'' by Vincent van Gogh, features orange stars and an orange moon.(1889)
File:Van Gogh - Heuschober an einem Regentag.jpeg|An orange haystack painted by Van Gogh shortly before his suicide. (1890).
</gallery>

===20th and 21st centuries===
In the 20th and 21st centuries, the colour orange had highly varied associations, both positive and negative.

The high visibility of orange made it a popular colour for certain kinds of clothing and equipment. During the Second World War, U.S. Navy pilots in the Pacific began to wear orange inflatable life jackets, which could be spotted by search and rescue planes. After the war, these jackets became common on both civilian and naval vessels of all sizes, and on aircraft that flew over water. Orange was also widely worn by workers on highways and by cyclists to avoid being hit by cars, and for the flights suits of the crews of the [[Space Shuttle]] and the International Space Station.

During the [[Vietnam War]], a chemical [[herbicide]] called [[Agent Orange]] was widely sprayed from aircraft by the U.S. Air Force to remove the forest and jungle cover beneath which enemy soldiers were believed to be hiding, and to expose their supply routes. The chemical was not actually orange, but took its name from the colour of the steel drums in which it was stored. Agent Orange was toxic, and was later linked to birth defects and other health problems in Vietnam.

Orange also had a political dimension. In [[Ukraine]] in November–December 2004, it became the colour of the [[Orange Revolution]], a popular movement which carried activist and reformer [[Viktor Yushchenko]] into the presidency.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=B0RdPe1hHccC&pg=PA331&dq=The+orange+color+Viktor+Yushchenko&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=9zU5UbnDFMauPIGbgeAL&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=The%20orange%20color%20Viktor%20Yushchenko&f=false Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases], [[Oxford University Press]], 2008, ISBN 0199215294 (page 331)</ref>
<gallery>
File:John Thach.jpg|A U.S. Navy pilot during World War II wearing an orange inflatable life jacket.
File:ISS Expedition 5 crew.jpg|Crew members of the [[International Space Station]].
File:US-Huey-helicopter-spraying-Agent-Orange-in-Vietnam.jpg|A U.S. helicopter spraying [[Agent Orange]] on a jungle during the [[Vietnam War]],
File:Stamp of Ukraine s635.jpg|A 2005 postage stamp of [[Ukraine]] commemorated the [[Orange Revolution]] of 2004.

</gallery>

==Science==

===Optics===
[[File:Kleurenovergang van rood naar geel.png|thumb|center|300px|In traditional [[colour theory]], orange is a range of colours between red and yellow]]
In [[optics]], orange is the colour seen by the eye when looking at light with a wavelength between approximately 585–620&nbsp;[[nanometre|nm]]. It has a [[hue]] of 30° in [[HSV colour space]].

In the traditional colour wheel used by painters, orange is the range of colours located between red and yellow, and painters can obtain orange simply by mixing red and yellow in various proportions; though these colours will never be as vivid as a pure orange pigment.

In the [[RGB colour model]], the system used to create colours on a television or computer screen, orange is made by combining high intensity red light with a lower intensity green light, and the blue light turned off.

Orange is a [[tertiary colour]] numerically halfway between [[gamma correction|gamma-compressed]] red and yellow, as can be seen in the [[:File:RBG color wheel.svg|RGB colour wheel]].

For painters, blue is the complementary colour of orange. As many painters of the 19th century discovered, blue and orange reinforce each other. The painter [[Vincent van Gogh]] wrote to his brother Theo that in his paintings he was trying to reveal "the oppositions of blue with orange, of red with green, of yellow with violet&nbsp;... trying to make the colours intense and not a harmony of grey".<ref>''Correspondance'' of Vincent van Gogh, No. 459A, cited in John Gage, ''Couleur et Culture: Usages et significations de la couleur de l'Antiquité à l'abstraction''.</ref> In another letter he wrote simply, "there is no orange without blue."<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', p. 152.</ref> Van Gogh, [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] and many other [[impressionist]] and [[post-impressionist]] painters frequently placed orange against azure or cobalt blue, to make both colours appear brighter.

Orange pigments are largely in the [[ochre]] or [[Cadmium pigments|cadmium]] families, and absorb mostly blue light.

(See also [[shades of orange]]).

===Orange pigments and dyes===
<gallery>
File:Orpiment mineral.jpg|A sample of [[orpiment]] from an arsenic mine in southern Russia. Orpiment has been used to make orange pigment since ancient times in ancient Egypt, Europe and China. Romans used the mineral for trade.
File:Realgar09.jpg|[[Realgar]], an arsenic sulfide mineral 1.5-2.5 Mohs hardness, is highly toxic. It was used since ancient times until the 19th century to make red-orange pigment, as a poison, and a medicine.
File:Crocoite from the Dundas extended mine, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia.jpg|A sample of [[crocoite]] crystals from Dundas extended mine in [[Tasmania]]. Discovered in 1797 by the French chemist [[Louis Vauquelin]], it was used to make the first synthetic orange pigment, [[chrome orange]], used by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] and other painters.
File:Stigmates de safran frais.jpg|[[Saffron]], made from the hand-picked [[stigma (botany)|stigma]]s of the [[crocus sativus]] flower, is used both as a dye and a spice.
File:Saffran crocus sativus moist.jpg|The [[crocus sativus]] flower, showing the tiny stigmas used to make saffron.
File:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W IMG 2440.jpg|The [[Curcuma longa]] plant is used to make [[turmeric]], a common and less expensive substitute for saffron as a dye and colour.
File:Turmeric-powder.jpg|[[Turmeric]] powder, first used as a dye, and later as a medicine and spice in [[South Asian cuisine]].
</gallery>

Other orange pigments include:
*[[Minium]] and [[massicot]] are bright yellow and orange pigments made since ancient times by heating lead oxide and its variants. Minium was used in the [[Byzantine Empire]] for making the red-orange colour on illuminated manuscripts, while massicot was used by ancient Egyptian scribes and in the Middle Ages. Both were toxic, and were replaced in the beginning of the 20th century by chrome orange and cadmium orange.<ref>Isabelle Roelofs and Fabien Petillion, ''La couleur expliquée aux artistes'', pp. 46–47.</ref>
*[[Cadmium orange]] is a synthetic pigment made [[cadmium sulfide]]. It is a by-product of mining for [[zinc]], but also occurs rarely in nature in the mineral [[greenockite]]. It is usually made by replacing some of the [[sulfur|sulphur]] with [[selenium]], which results in an expensive but deep and lasting colour. Selenium was discovered in 1817, but the pigment was not made commercially until 1910.<ref>Isabelle Roelofs and Fabien Petillion, ''La couleur expliquée aux artistes'', p. 121.</ref>
*[[Quinacridone]] orange is a synthetic organic pigment first identified in 1896 and manufactured in 1935. It makes a vivid and solid orange.
*Diketo-pyrrolo pyrolle orange or DPP orange is a synthetic organic pigment first commercialized in 1986. It is sold under various commercial names, such as translucent orange. It makes an extremely bright and lasting orange, and is widely used to colour plastics and fibres, as well as in paints.<ref>Isabelle Roelofs and Fabien Petillion, ''La couleur expliquée aux artistes'', pp. 66–67</ref>

===Orange flowers===
<gallery>
File:California Poppies1.jpg|A field of [[California poppies]]
File:Calendula 2.jpg|The [[Pot marigold|marigold]] flower, or [[Calendula]]
File:Sylvia Ball-Dahlie.JPG|The [[dahlia]]
File:Orange Rose1.jpg|An orange [[rose]]
File:Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Buds.jpg|buds of the butterfly weed, or [[asclepias tuberosa]]
File:Hieracium aurantiacum LC0106.jpg|[[Hieracium aurantiacum]], or [[orange hawkweed]]
File:Heliconia psittacorum 01.JPG|[[Heliconia psittacorum]], or Parrot's Flower, is a perennial herb native to the Caribbean and northern South America.
File:LiliumPhiladelphicumVarAndinumDarmCrook1.jpg|The [[Lilium philadelphicum]]. or [[wood lily]] is a perennial species of lily native to North America
</gallery>

===Orange animals===
<gallery>
File:Panthera tigris tigris.jpg|A [[tiger]] ([[Panthera tigris tigris]])
File:Red Squirrel - Lazienki.JPG|A [[red squirrel]] is actually orange.
File:Vulpes vulpes laying in snow.jpg|A [[red fox]], or [[vulpes vulpes]], in the snow.
File:Iguana iguana (orange male).jpg|An [[iguana]]
File:A couple of Tadorna ferruginea.2.jpg|The [[Tadorna ferruginea]], or [[ruddy shelduck]], lives in Southeast Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia, and migrates in the winter to India.
File:Flamingo National Zoo.jpg|An orange [[flamingo]] in the [[National Zoological Park (United States)|National Zoo]] in Washington, D.C..
File:Altamira Oriole icterus gularis, Bentsen State Park TX.jpg|An [[Altamira Oriole]] in Bentsen State Park, Texas.
File:Flame angelfish (Centropyge loricula).jpg|A [[flame angelfish]], or [[Centropyge loricula]]
File:Auftauchender Koi 2011.JPG|A [[koi]], a domesticated [[carp]] bred in Japan for its ornamental value in gardens and ponds
File:Arion rufus (Dourbes).jpg|An [[arion rufus]], or European red slug, lives in northern Europe, especially Denmark, and can be eighteen centimetres long.
File:Phalantha phalanta up 051028 2248 stgd.jpg|The [[Phalantha phalantha]], or common leopard butterfly, is found in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
</gallery>

===Orange foods===
Orange is a very common colour of fruits, vegetables, spices, and other foods in many different cultures. As a result, orange is the colour most often associated in western culture with taste and aroma.<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', p. 152</ref> Orange foods include peaches, [[apricots]], [[mangoes]], [[carrots]], [[shrimp]], [[salmon roe]], and many other foods. Orange colour is provided by spices such as [[paprika]], [[saffron]] and [[curry powder]].
<gallery>
File:Apricots real.jpg|[[Apricots]]
File:5aday sweet potato.jpg|[[Sweet potatoes]]
File:Salmon Fish.JPG|[[Salmon]] steaks
File:Mangga gedong mango juice.JPG|[[Mango]] juice
File:CarrotRoots.jpg|[[Carrots]]
File:Melon au vin muscat.jpg| A [[melon]] with [[Muscat (grape)|Muscat]] wine (France).
File:Khrenovina-sauce.jpg|[[Khrenovina sauce]], a traditional Siberian sauce made of tomatoes, garlic and horseradish.
File:Paella valenciana.gif | [[Paella]] from [[Valencia]], Spain
File:Indian cuisine-Panipuri-05.jpg|[[Panipuri]], a popular street snack in South Asia
File:Curry Ist.jpg|[[Curry powder]] from South Asia
File:Spanishsmokedpaprika.jpg | [[Paprika]] from Spain
</gallery>

===Why oranges are orange===
Oranges are orange because they contain [[carotenes]], [[unsaturated hydrocarbon]] substances having the formula C<sub>40</sub>H<sub>''x''</sub>, which are synthesized by plants but cannot be made by animals. Carotenes are an orange [[photosynthetic pigment]] important for [[photosynthesis]], the process by which the [[chlorophyll]] in the plant turns sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugars, which allow the plant to grow. Carotenes are also found in carrots (from which they get their name), sweet potatoes, melons and many other fruits and vegetables, and give them their orange colour. Animals have difficulty digesting carotenes, so they also often colour animal fats. Carotenes give the slight yellowish colour to chicken fat, and also to [[butter]]. Carotenes also are responsible for leaves turning orange in the autumn in northern climates, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced in the leaves.
<gallery>
File:Picking an orange.JPG|Oranges get their orange colour from a natural pigment called [[carotene]]
File:Unidentified orange red tree.jpg|[[Carotenes]] are a [[photosynthetic pigment]] which creates the orange colour in autumn leaves.
</gallery>

===Orange food colourings===
People associate certain colours with certain [[flavour]]s, and the colour of food can influence the perceived flavour in anything from [[confectionery|candy]] to [[wine]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jeannine Delwiche |title= The impact of perceptual interactions on perceived flavor |journal= Food Quality and Preference |year=2003 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=137–146 |doi= 10.1016/S0950-3293(03)00041-7 |url= http://www-fst.ag.ohio-state.edu/Pubs/2004/delwiche-fqap1.pdf}}</ref> Since orange is popularly associated with good flavour, many companies add orange [[food colouring]] to improve the appearance of their packaged foods. Orange pigments and dyes, synthetic or natural, are added to many orange sodas and juices, cheeses (particularly [[cheddar cheese]], [[Gloucester cheese]], and [[American cheese]]); snack foods, butter and margarine; breakfast cereals, ice cream, [[yoghurt]], jam and candy. It is also often added to children's medicine, and to [[chicken feed]] to make the [[egg yolk]]s more orange.

The United States Government and the [[European Union]] certify a small number of synthetic chemical colourings to be used in food. These are usually [[aromatic hydrocarbons]], or [[azo dyes]], made from petroleum. The most common ones are:
*[[Allura red AC]] (also known as E129, its official name in Europe).
*[[Sunset Yellow FCF]], [[Yellow 6]], and [[Red 40]], known as E110 in Europe, are dyes made from [[aromatic hydrocarbons]] from petroleum.
*[[Tartrazine]], also known as [[Yellow 5]] and [[tartrazine|E102]] in Europe. A dye used in soft drinks such as [[Mountain Dew]], [[Kool-Aid]], chewing gum, popcorn, breakfast cereals, cosmetics, shampoos, eyeshadow, blush, and lipstsick.
*[[Orange B]] is an azo dye approved by the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]], but only for hot dog and sausage casings.
*[[Citrus Red 2]] is certified only to colour orange peels.
Because many consumers are worried about possible health consequences of synthetic dyes, some companies are beginning to use natural food colours. Since these food colours are natural, they do not require any certification from the Food and Drug Administration. The most popular natural food colours are:
*[[Annatto]], made from the seeds of the [[achiote]] tree. Annato contains [[carotenoids]], the same ingredient that gives carrots and other vegetables their orange colour. Annato has been used to dye certain cheeses in Britain, particularly [[Gloucester cheese]], since the 16th century. It is now commonly used to colour American cheese, snack foods, breakfast cereal, butter and margarine. It is used as a body paint by native populations in Central and South America. In India, women often put it, under the name [[sindoor]], on their hairline to indicate that they are married.
*[[Turmeric]] is a common spice in South Asia, Persia and the Mideast. It contains the pigments called [[curcuminoids]], widely used as a dye for the robes of Buddhist monks. It is also often used in curry powders and to give flavour to [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]]. It is now being used more frequently in Europe and the U.S. to give an orange colour to canned beverages, ice cream, yogurt, popcorn and breakfast cereal. The food colour is usually listed as E100.
*[[Paprika oleoresin]] contains natural carotenoids, and is made from [[chili pepper]]s. It is used to colour cheese, orange juice, spice mixtures and packaged sauces. It is also fed to chickens to make their [[egg yolk]]s more orange.
<gallery>
File:Doritos.jpg|Nacho cheese [[Doritos]], like many popular snack foods, contain [[Yellow 6]], [[Yellow 5]] and [[Red 40]] synthetic food colour.
File:Wrapped American cheese slices.jpg|Wrapped slices of [[American cheese]] are now often coloured with [[annatto]], a natural food colour made from the seeds of the [[achiote]] tree.
</gallery>

==Culture, associations and symbolism==

===China===
In [[Confucianism]], the religion and philosophy of ancient China, orange was the colour of transformation. In China and India, the colour took its name not from the orange fruit, but from saffron, the finest and most expensive dye in Asia. According to Confucianism, existence was governed by the interaction of the male active principle, the ''yang'', and the female passive principle, the ''yin''. Yellow was the colour of perfection and nobility; red was the colour of happiness and power. Yellow and red were compared to light and fire, spirituality and sensuality, seemingly opposite but really complementary. Out of the interaction between the two came orange, the colour of transformation.<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 155–56.</ref>

===Hinduism and Buddhism===
A wide variety of colours, ranging from a slightly orange yellow to a deep orange red, all simply called [[saffron]], are closely associated with [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], and are commonly worn by monks and holy men across Asia.

In [[Hinduism]], the divinity [[Krishna]] is commonly portrayed dressed in yellow or yellow orange. Yellow and saffron are also the colours worn by [[sadhu]], or wandering holy men in India.

In [[Buddhism]], orange (or more precisely saffron) was the colour of illumination, the highest state of perfection.<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 158</ref> The saffron colours of robes to be worn by monks were defined by the [[Buddha]] himself and his followers in the 5th century BC. The robe and its colour is a sign of renunciation of the outside world and commitment to the order. The candidate monk, with his master, first appears before the monks of the monastery in his own clothes, with his new robe under his arm. and asks to enter the order. He then takes his vows, puts on the robes, and with his begging bowl, goes out to the world. Thereafter, he spends his mornings begging and his afternoons in contemplation and study, either in a forest, garden, or in the monastery.<ref name="Henri Arvon 1951 pg. 61-64">Henri Arvon (1951). ''Le bouddhisme'' (pp. 61–64)</ref>

According to Buddhist scriptures and commentaries, the robe dye is allowed to be obtained from six kinds of substances: roots and tubers, plants, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits. The robes should also be boiled in water a long time to get the correctly sober colour. Saffron and ochre, usually made with dye from the [[curcuma longa]] plant or the heartwood of the [[jackfruit]] tree, are the most common colours. The so-called forest monks usually wear ochre robes and city monks saffron, though this is not an official rule.<ref>http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/robe_txt.htm |The Buddhanet- buddhist studies- the monastic robe (retrieved November 25, 2012)</ref>

The colour of robes also varies somewhat among the different "vehicles," or schools of Buddhism, and by country, depending on their doctrines and the dyes available. The monks of the strict [[Vajrayana]], or [[Tantric Buddhism]], practiced in [[Tibet]], wear the most colourful robes of saffron and red. The monks of [[Mahayana Buddhism]], practiced mainly in Japan, China and Korea, wear lighter yellow or saffron, often with white or black. Monks of [[Hinayana Buddhism]], practiced in Southeast Asia, usually wear ochre or saffron colour. Monks of the forest tradition in Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia wear robes of a brownish ochre, dyed from the wood of the [[jackfruit]] tree.<ref name="Henri Arvon 1951 pg. 61-64"/><ref name="Anne Varichon 2000 pg. 62">Anne Varichon (2000), ''Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples'', p. 62</ref>
<gallery>
File:Sadou Kathmandu 04 04.jpg|A Hindu [[sadhu]], or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]].
File:Krishna.jpg|The Hindu divinity [[Krishna]] with a sacred cow
File:Rank celebration of Thai Buddhist monk 1.jpg|Buddhist monks at the promotion ceremony of a monk in Thailand
File:Buddhist monks of Tibet7.jpg|Buddhist monks in [[Tibet]]
File:Ueno monk.jpg|A Japanese Buddhist monk in downtown [[Tokyo]]
</gallery>

===Colour of amusement===
In Europe and America, orange and yellow are the colours most associated with amusement, frivolity and entertainment. In this regard, orange is the exact opposite of its complementary colour, blue, the colour of calm and reflection. Mythological paintings traditionally showed [[Bacchus]] (known in Greek mythology as [[Dionysus]]), the god of wine, ritual madness and ecstasy, dressed in orange. Clowns have long worn orange wigs. [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] used a palette of yellow, black and orange in his posters of Paris cafes and theatres, and [[Henri Matisse]] used an orange, yellow and red palette in his painting, the ''Joy of Living''.<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 152–153.</ref>
<gallery>
File:Bacchus and Ariadne by Guido Reni.jpg|[[Bacchus and Ariadne]] by [[Guido Reni]] (1620). Bacchus traditionally wears orange in mythological paintings.
File:Hendrick ter Brugghen (Dutch - Bacchante with an Ape - Google Art Project.jpg|A [[Bacchante]], a female follower of [[Bacchus]], by Hendrick ter Brugghen (1627).
File:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 008.jpg|[[Toulouse-Lautrec]] at the [[Moulin Rouge]], in a world of orange
File:Renoir clown.jpg|A clown by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] (1868)
File:Colorful Clown 2.jpg|A contemporary clown.
</gallery>

===Colour of visibility===
Orange is the colour most easily seen in dim light or against the water, making it the colour of choice for life rafts, life jackets or [[buoys]]. It is worn by people wanting to be seen, including highway workers and lifeguards. [[Prisoner]]s are also sometimes dressed in orange clothing to make them easier to see during an escape. Lifeguards on the beaches of [[Los Angeles County]], both real and in television series, wear orange swimsuits to make them stand out. The [[Golden Gate Bridge]] at the entrance of [[San Francisco Bay]] is painted [[international orange]] to make it more visible in the fog.

Next to red, it is the colour most popular for extroverts, and as a symbol of activity.<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 154–155</ref>
<gallery>
File:GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg|The [[Golden Gate Bridge]] in [[San Francisco Bay]] is painted [[international orange]] to make it visible in the fog
File:USCGC Eagle life preserver.JPG|An orange [[lifebuoy]] on the U.S. Coast Guard ship ''Eagle''.
File:CJParker.jpg|[[Pamela Anderson]] played a [[Los Angeles County]] lifeguard in the popular TV series [[Baywatch]]. The orange swimsuit was designed to make lifeguards more visible from a distance.
File:Grossi-7.png|An aircraft's two types of "black box," or [[flight data recorder]] and [[cockpit voice recorder]], are actually bright orange, so they can be found more easily.
File:Naoko Yamazaki.jpg|Japanese scientist and astronaut [[Naoko Yamazaki]] worked aboard the U.S. [[Space Shuttle]]. Orange suits have the highest visibility in space, or against blue sea.
</gallery>

===Colour of warning===
Orange is sometimes used, like red, as a colour warning of possible danger or calling for caution. A skull against an orange background means a toxic substance or poison. In the colour system devised by the US [[Department of Homeland Security]] to measure the threat of terrorist attack, an orange level is second only to a red level. The US [[Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices]] specifies orange for use in temporary and construction signage.
<gallery>
File:MUTCD M4-9L.svg|Highway temporary signs about construction or detours in the United States are orange, because of its visibility and its association with danger.
File:Hsas-chart with header.svg|In the United States, orange indicates the second highest threat level of terrorist attack.
</gallery>

===Colour of autumn, Thanksgiving and Halloween===
Orange is traditionally associated with the [[autumn]] season, with the harvest, autumn leaves and, in the United States, with [[Halloween]] on 31 October, and in North America with [[Thanksgiving]] in October (Canada) and November (U.S.). Halloween came from the traditional [[All Saints Day]] in the Europe. Orange was the harvest colour, and also is the colour of the carved pumpkins, or jack-o-lanterns, used to celebrate the holiday.
<gallery>
File:Fall Colors on Marsh Island.JPG|Autumn leaves on [[Marsh Island (Maine)|Marsh Island]], Maine
File:Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg|Orange-coloured [[pumpkin pie]] is the traditional dessert at a U.S. [[Thanksgiving]] dinner.
File:Pumpkin latern.JPG|A [[jack-o-lantern]], or pumpkin carved for [[Halloween]].
</gallery>

===Academia ===
* In the United States and Canada, orange [[Academic dress|regalia]] is associated with the field of engineering.<ref name=SullivanTrimmingsGowns>{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Eugene |title=An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide |work=American Council on Education |year=1997 |url=http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=10625 |accessdate=2010-06-26}}</ref>

=== Selected flags===
<gallery>
File:Flag of India.svg|[[Flag of India]] (1947). The orange colour in the flag is officially called ''bhagwa'', or [[saffron]]. It was originally chosen by [[Mohandas Gandhi]], and originally stood for the Hindu community in India, then for the sacrifice of the people.<ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|pp=503–505}}</ref>

File:Flag of Ireland.svg|[[Flag of Ireland]] (1919) The orange represents [[William III of England|King William III]], or William of Orange, and the Protestant community in Ireland.<ref>[http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/index.asp?locID=194&docID=242 National Flag], ''Taoiseach.gov.ie'', 2007. Retrieved on 11 June 2007.</ref>
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|[[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire]] (1959). The orange stands for the [[savannah]], the fertile land in the north of the country, opposed to the green of the forests in the south.
File:Flag of Niger.svg|[[Flag of Niger]] (1960). The orange is said to represent the [[Sahara desert]] in the north, and the orange disk symbolizes either the sun or independence.
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|[[Flag of Sri Lanka]] (1950). The orange band represents the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]], one of the three main ethnic groups in the country.
File:Flag of Armenia.svg|[[Flag of Armenia]] (1990). According to the Armenian Constitution, the orange (also called apricot colour) represents the creativity and hard-working nature of the Armenian people.
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|[[Flag of Bhutan]] (1969). The orange background represents the [[Buddhist]] spiritual tradition.
</gallery>

=== Geography===
* Orange is the national colour of the [[Netherlands]]. The royal family, the [[House of Orange-Nassau]], derives its name in part from its former holding, the principality of [[Orange, Vaucluse|Orange]]. (The title ''[[Prince of Orange]]'' is still used for the Dutch heir apparent.)
*The Republic of the [[Orange Free State]] (Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent [[Boer]] republic in southern [[Africa]] during the second half of the 19th century, and later a [[British colony]] and a province of the [[Union of South Africa]]. It is the historical precursor to the present-day [[Free State (province)|Free State province]]. Extending between the Orange and [[Vaal river]], its borders were determined by the United Kingdom in 1848 when the region was proclaimed as the Orange River Sovereignty, with a seat of a British Resident in [[Bloemfontein]].
*[[Oranjemund]] (German for: "Mouth of Oranje") is a town situated in the extreme southwest of [[Namibia]], on the northern bank of the [[Orange River]] mouth.

===Contemporary political and social movements===
Because of its symbolic meaning as the colour of activity, orange is often used as the colour of political and social movements.

* The [[Orange Institution]] is a pro-British Protestant association based in [[Northern Ireland]].
* Orange was the rallying colour of the 2004–2005 [[Orange Revolution]] in [[Ukraine]].
* Orange was the colour used by the historical [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] of the [[United Kingdom]]
* Orange was used as a rallying colour by [[Israel]]is (such as Jewish settlers) who opposed [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan]] in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 2005.
* Orange ribbons are used to promote awareness and prevention of [[self-injury]].

* Orange is the [[Political color|party colour]] of:
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* [[Alliance for the Future of Austria]] (BZÖ)
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), India
* [[Christian Democrats (Denmark)|Christian Democrats]], Belgium
* [[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|Christian Democratic and Flemish]] (CD&V), Belgium&nbsp;
* [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democratic People's Party]], Switzerland
* [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]], Germany
* [[Christian Social People's Party]], Luxembourg
* [[Citizens-Party of the Citizenry]], [[Spain]]
* [[Czech Social Democratic Party]]
* [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|Democratic Liberal Party]], Romania
* [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]], France
* [[Free Patriotic Movement]], Lebanon
* [[Party Workers' Liberation Front 30th of May]] (Frente Obrero), Curaçao
* [[Centre démocrate humaniste|Humanist Democratic Centre]] (cdH), Belgium
* [[Fidesz|Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union]]
* [[Independence Party of Minnesota]]
* [[Justice and Truth Alliance]], Romania
* [[Nacionalista Party]], Philippines
{{col-break}}
* [[National Union (Israel)|National Union]], Israel
* [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]], Canada
* [[Orange Democratic Movement]], Kenya
* [[Orange Movement]], Italy
* [[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc]]
* [[Palikot's Movement]], Poland
* [[People's National Party]], Jamaica
* [[People First Party (Republic of China)|People First Party]], Republic of China (Taiwan)
* [[PORA]], Ukraine
* [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino]], Philippines
* [[Québec solidaire]], Canada
* [[Reformed Political Party]], Netherlands
* [[Republican Left of Catalonia]], Spain
* [[United Nationalist Alliance]], Philippines
* [[Valencian Nationalist Bloc]]-[[Coalició Compromís]], Spain
* [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]], Portugal
* [[Zares]], Slovenia
{{col-end}}
<gallery>
File:Liberal Party logo (pre1988).png|Colour of the British [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] (1859-1988)
File:BJP-flag.svg|The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], or Indian People's Party is one of the two major political parties in India. Its saffron orange colour comes from the flag of India.
File:CDU Wahlkampfplakat - kaspl017.JPG|Poster from 1957 for the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]], the current governing party of Germany. It says "no experiments".
File:NDP-NPD Canada.svg|Symbol of the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] of Canada.
</gallery>

===Religion===
(See Orange in Hinduism and Buddhism above)
* Orange, or more specifically [[saffron (color)|deep saffron]], is the most sacred colour of Hinduism.
* Hindu and Sikh flags atop [[mandirs]] and [[gurdwaras]], respectively, are typically a saffron coloured pennant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fotw.net/flags/hindu.html#saffron |title=Hinduism |publisher=Fotw.net |date= |accessdate=2009-04-15}}</ref>
* Saffron robes are often worn by Hindu [[swami]]s and [[Buddhist monks]] in the [[Theravada]] tradition.
* In Christianity, orange represents the sin of [[gluttony]].
<gallery>
[[File:Monk on pilgrimage.jpg|Buddhist monk]]s in the [[Theravada Buddhism|Theravada]] tradition typically wear saffron robes, although occasionally maroon, the colour normally worn by [[Vajrayana]] Buddhist monks, is worn.
</gallery>

===Metaphysics===
* The "[[New Age]] Prophetess", [[Alice Bailey]], in her system called the [[Seven Rays]] which classifies humans into seven different metaphysical [[psychological types]], the "fifth ray" of "Concrete Science" is represented by the colour orange. People who have this metaphysical psychological type are said to be "on the Orange Ray".<ref>{{cite book | last = Bailey| first= Alice A. | authorlink = Alice Bailey | title = The Seven Rays of Life | location= New York| year= 1995 |publisher = Lucis Publishing Company | isbn = 0-85330-142-5}}</ref>
* Orange is used to symbolically represent the second ([[Swadhisthana]]) [[chakra]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Stevens |first=Samantha |title=The Seven Rays: a Universal Guide to the Archangels |publisher=Insomniac Press |year=2004 |isbn=1-894663-49-7 |page=24}}</ref>

===Orange in the military===
In the [[United States Army]], orange has traditionally been associated with the [[dragoons]], the mounted infantry units which eventually became the [[U.S. Cavalry]]. The [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment]] was originally founded in 1833 as the United States Dragoons. The modern coat of arms of the 1st Cavalry features the colour orange and orange-yellow shade called dragoon yellow, the colours of the early U.S.dragoon regiments.<ref name=dragoons>{{cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3109 |title=1st Cavalry Regiment |publisher=The Institute of Heraldry |accessdate=2013-04-30}}</ref>
The [[U.S. Signal Corps]], founded at the beginning of the [[American Civil War]], adopted orange and white as its official colours in 1872. Orange was adopted because it was the colour of a signal fire, historically used at night while smoke was used during the day, to communicate with distant army units.
<gallery>
File:19RD 1786.png|The uniform of a French [[dragoon]] regiment from 1786.
File:1CavRegtCOA.jpg|The coat of arms of the 1st Cavalry regiment, founded as a [[dragoon]] regiment, features a gold dragon and an orange shield, the traditional colours of the dragoons.
File:001-Signal-Command-SSI.png|The shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Signal Command of the U.S. Army [[Signal Corps]]. Orange, the colour of traditional signal fires, and white are the official colours of the Signal Corps.
</gallery>

===Sports===
Orange, because of its common association with activity and visibility, is a popular colour for sports teams.

'''[[Major League Baseball]]'''
* [[Baltimore Orioles]]
* [[Detroit Tigers]]
* [[Houston Astros]]
* [[Miami Marlins]]
* [[New York Mets]]
* [[San Francisco Giants]]
'''[[National Basketball Association]]'''
* [[Oklahoma City Thunder]]
* [[Charlotte Bobcats]]
* [[New York Knicks]]
* [[Phoenix Suns]]
'''[[National Football League]]'''
* [[Chicago Bears]]
* [[Cincinnati Bengals]]
* [[Cleveland Browns]]
* [[Denver Broncos]]
* [[Miami Dolphins]]
'''[[Indian Premier League]]'''
*[[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]]
'''[[National Hockey League]]'''
* [[Philadelphia Flyers]]
* [[New York Islanders]]
* [[Edmonton Oilers]]
* [[Anaheim Ducks]]
* [[San Jose Sharks]]
'''[[Australian Football League]]'''
* [[Greater Western Sydney Football Club]]
'''[[National Rugby League]]'''
* [[Wests Tigers]]
'''[[A league]]'''
* [[Brisbane Roar]]
'''[[Football League Championship]]'''
* [[Blackpool F.C.]]
* [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.]]
'''[[Conference Premier]]'''
* [[Luton Town F.C.]]
'''[[Scottish Premier League]]'''
* [[Dundee United]]
'''[[Ukrainian Premier League]]'''
* [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk]]
'''[[Major League Soccer]]'''
* [[Houston Dynamo]]
'''[[Bulgarian A Professional Football Group]]'''
* [[PFC Litex Lovech]]
'''[[Norwegian Premier League]]'''
* [[Aalesunds FK]]
'''[[Canadian Football League]]'''
* [[BC Lions]]
'''[[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'''
* [[Armagh GAA]]
'''[[United Football League (Philippines)|United Football League]]'''
* [[Loyola Meralco Sparks F.C.]]
'''[[Philippine Basketball Association]]'''
* [[Meralco Bolts]]
<gallery>
File:NED-DEN Euro 2012 (24).jpg|Players from the Dutch national football team vs. Denmark, Euro 2012
File:Claude giroux.jpg|[[Claude Giroux]] of the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] hockey team (2011)
File:Orioles Mascot.jpg|Mascot of the [[Baltimore Orioles]] baseball team
File:Mets Foul Pole.png|In the sport of [[baseball]] some [[foul pole]]s are orange, but only one in [[Major League Baseball]], belonging to the [[New York Mets]] at their home ballpark [[Citi Field]].
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Shades of orange]]
* [[Orange wine]]
* [[Amber (color)|Amber]]
* [[List of colors|List of colours]]

==References==
*{{cite book
|last= Heller
|first= Eva
|title= Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques
|year=2009
|publisher=Pyramyd (French translation)
|isbn= 978-2-35017-156-2}}
*{{cite book
|last= Zuffi
|first= Stefano
|title= Color in Art
|year=2012
|publisher= Abrams
|isbn= 978-1-4197-0111-5}}
*{{cite book
|last= Gage
|first= John
|title= La Couleur dans l'art
|year=2009
|publisher= Thames & Hudson
|isbn= 978-2-87811-325-9}}
*{{cite book
|last=Gottsegen
|first=Mark
|title=The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference
|year=2006
|publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications
|location=New York
|isbn=0-8230-3496-8}}
*{{cite book
|last=Varichon
|first=Anne
|title=Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples
|year=2000
|publisher=Editions du Seuil
|location=Paris
|isbn=978-2-02-084697-4}}
*{{Citation|authors=Russo, Ethan; Dreher, Melanie C.; Mathre, Mary Lynn.
|publication-date=March 2003
|year=2003
|title=Women and Cannabis: Medicine, Science, and Sociology
|edition=1st
|publisher=Psychology Press
|isbn=978-0-7890-2101-4<!--0789021013-->}}
*{{Citation
|author=Pat Willard
|year= 2002
|title=Secrets of Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World's Most Seductive Spice
|publication-date=11 April 2002
|publisher=Beacon Press
|isbn=978-0-8070-5009-5<!--0807050083-->
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WsUaFT7l3QsC}}
*{{cite book
|last= Arvon
|first= Henri
|title= Le bouddhisme
|year=1951
|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France
|isbn= 978-2-13-055064-8}}
*{{cite book
|last= Van Gogh
|first= Vincent
|title= Lettres à Théo
|year=2005
|publisher=Folioplus classiques
|isbn= 978-2-07-030687-9}}
*{{cite book
|last= Van Gogh
|first= Vincent
|title= Lettres de Provence 1888–1890
|year=2010
|publisher=Auberon
|isbn= 9782844981097}}
*{{cite book
|last= Roelofs
|first= Isabelle
|title= La couleur expliquée aux artistes
|year=2012
|publisher=Group Eyrolles
|isbn= 978-2-212-13486-5}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Roy|first=Srirupa|title=A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906– |journal=Journal of Asian Studies|volume = 65| date = August 2006|oclc=37893507| url = http://www.umass.edu/sbs/pdf/srirupa_roy_article.pdf| issn=0021-9118| issue = 3|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Orange}}
* [http://tx4.us/mr/mrff6.htm Orange Spectrum Color Chart Listing]
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/49721/all-things-orange All Things Orange] – slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''

{{Shades of orange|*}}
{{EMSpectrum}}
{{web colors|colour}}
{{Color topics|colour}}
{{Rainbow}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orange (Colour)}}
[[Category:Optical spectrum]]
[[Category:Rainbow]]

Revision as of 10:04, 4 November 2013

Ben's favorite colour!

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