Room 39

Room 39
Chosŏn'gŭl	삼십구호실
Hancha	三十九號室
Revised Romanization	Samsipgu-hosil
McCune–Reischauer	Samsipku-hosil
Central Committee Bureau 39 of the Workers' Party of Korea
Chosŏn'gŭl	조선로동당 중앙위원회 39호실
Hancha	朝鮮勞動黨39號室
Revised Romanization	Joseon Rodongdang Jungang Wiwonhoe Samsipgu-hosil
McCune–Reischauer	Chosŏn Rodongdang Chungang Wiwŏnhoe Samsipku-hosil

Room 39
Agency overview
Formed	1972
Headquarters	Pyongyang, North Korea
Parent agency	Third Floor Secretariat

39°01′00″N 125°44′28″E / 39.016758°N 125.740979°E / 39.016758; 125.740979

Room 39 (officially Central Committee Bureau 39 of the Workers' Party of Korea,^[1] also referred to as Bureau 39, Division 39, or Office 39^[2]) is a secretive North Korean party organization that seeks ways to maintain the foreign currency slush fund for the country's leaders.^[3]

The organization is estimated to bring in between $500 million and $1 billion per year or more^[4] and is involved in illegal activities, such as counterfeiting $100 bills, producing controlled substances (including the synthesis of methamphetamine and the conversion of morphine into more potent opiates like heroin), and international insurance fraud.^[3]^[5]

Room 39 is the largest of three influential so-called Third Floor offices along with Office 35 tasked with intelligence and Office 38 which handles legal financial activities.^[6] Room 39 is believed to be located inside a ruling Workers' Party building in Pyongyang,^[7] not far from one of the North Korean leader's residences.^[2] All three Offices were initially housed on the third floor of the building where Kim Jong Il's office used to be, hence the moniker "Third Floor".^[6]

History

Room 39 has been described as the linchpin of the North's so-called "court economy" centered on the dynastic Kim family.^[8]

According to Kim Kwang-jin, in 1972, Kim Jong Il created the central party department called "Office No. 39", which was named after the arbitrary office number where it began operations.^[9] Initially the Office was under the Finance and Accounting Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.^[10]

In early 2010, South Korea's Yonhap news agency reported that Kim Dong-un, head of the department, was replaced by his deputy, Jon Il-chun.^[11]

The Chosun Ilbo reported that Room 38, led by Kim Jong Il, was merged into Room 39 in late 2009, but the two were split again in 2010 due to difficulties in obtaining foreign currency.^[12] Room 38 handles funds of the Kim family in legal businesses and acts as a front organization for Room 39.^[6]

In July 2017, Chon Il-chun, first vice department director of the party's Central Committee and a former classmate of Kim Jong Il, was leader of the office.^[13]

Purpose and activities

Room 39 is also involved in the management of foreign currency earnings from foreigners' hotels in Pyongyang, gold and zinc mining, and agricultural and fisheries exports.^{[citation needed]} They are believed to run networks of illegal and legal companies that often change names.^[14] The number of companies believed to be controlled by Room 39 - reportedly up to 120 in number at one point^[10] - include Zokwang Trading and Taesong Bank.^[12] Many of the $500 million worth of textiles North Korea exports each year have phony "made in China" labels attached to them and the wages of the estimated 50,000 North Korean workers sent abroad to work are reported to have added between $500 million and $2 billion a year to Room 39's income.^[14]

A 2007 report published by the Millennium Project of the World Federation of United Nations Associations said North Korea makes an estimated $500 million to $1 billion annually from illegal enterprises.^[15] Criminal operations reported to be run by Room 39 include trafficking fake US dollars, peddling bogus Viagra, exporting the recreational drug N-methylamphetamine and obtaining Russian oil using dealers in Singapore.^[14] At some point, transactions and trade by Office 39 reached 25 to 50% of the total of North Korean GDP.^[10]^{[clarification needed]}

In 2009, a Washington Post report outlined a global insurance fraud scheme by the North Korean government. The state-owned Korea National Insurance Corp (KNIC) sought reinsurance contracts with international reinsurers and then submitted fraudulent claims; the contracts were governed by North Korean law and legal challenges were fruitless.^[5] Document forgeries are also reported.^[16]

Room 39 is also believed to be operating the overseas North Korean restaurant chain called Pyongyang.^[17]

In 2015, the European Union placed the Korea National Insurance Corporation (KNIC) under sanctions and added that the KNIC had links to Office 39.^[18] The KNIC (which had offices in Hamburg, Germany and London, UK) was reported to have had assets of UK £787 million in 2014 and had been involved in scamming insurance markets and making investments in property and foreign exchange.^[19] Thae Yong-ho, a North Korean diplomat who defected in 2016, said that North Korea earned each year "tens of millions of dollars" with insurance fraud.^[20]

Ri Jong Ho was chairman of the Korea Kumgang Group that formed a joint venture with a Chinese businessman to run a taxi company in Pyongyang,^[21] the president of a North Korean shipping company, and head of a Chinese branch of Daeheung, a North Korean trading company involved in seafood, coal, shipping and oil. In a 2017 newspaper article Ri described how he evaded sanctions by transferring cash from China to North Korea by ship and by train.^[22]

A 2020 review by the National Intelligence Service found that the Korea Kaesong Koryo Insam Trading Corporation was likely a front for Room 39.^[23]

In popular culture

Room 39 appears as one of the antagonists in the 2005 video game Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction. In the game, Room 39 is led by Dung Hwangbo (known as the "Ace of Clubs"), the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of North Korea.
Room 39 and its members are the main antagonists of the fifth season of the British-American TV series Strike Back, Strike Back: Legacy. In the series, they are led by Lieutenant Colonel Li-na (played by Michelle Yeoh) and Lieutenant Colonel Kwon (played by Will Yun Lee), two high-ranking officers of the Korean People's Army (the army of North Korea) who are responsible for leading the Thai branch of Room 39 in Bangkok.

References

^ Rosett, Claudia (15 April 2010). "Kim Jong Il's 'Cashbox'". Forbes. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b Landler, Mark (30 August 2010). "New U.S. Sanctions Aim at North Korean Elite". The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b David Rose (5 August 2009). "North Korea's Dollar Store". Vanity Fair.
^ Rose, David (September 2009). "North Korea's Dollar Store". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Global Insurance Fraud By North Korea Outlined". Washington Post. 18 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fischer 2016, p. 178.
^ Kelly Olsen (11 June 2009). "New sanctions could hit North Korea's fundraising". The Guardian.
^ "North Korea fires head of secret bureau 'Room 39'". CTV News. 4 February 2010. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012.
^ Kim Kwang Jin. "The Defector's Tale: Inside North Korea's Secret Economy". World Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Fischer 2016, p. 179.
^ "Report: NKorea Fires Director of Kim's Finances". AP. 4 February 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Kim Jong-il Restores Special Department to Swell Coffers". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2010.
^ Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein. "Ri Jong Ho, high-level defector and former official in Office 39, says North Korea gets much more oil from Russia than previously known". Archive for the ‘Daesung Trading Company’ Category -. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sherwell, Philip (6 August 2017). "'Hotel of Doom' takes Kim's illusion-building sky high". The Times. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
^ Olsen, Kelly (11 June 2009). "North Korea's secret: Room 39".
^ Fischer 2016, p. 180.
^ Strangio, Sebastian (22 March 2010). "Kingdom Kim's Culinary Outposts: Inside the bizarre world of Asia's North Korean restaurant chain". Slate.
^ Booth, Robert (23 April 2017). "UK freezes assets of North Korean company based in south London". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Gadher, Dipesh (23 April 2017). "Kim cooked up 'nuclear cash' in the suburbs". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Gadher, Dipesh (23 April 2017). "Secrets of Kim's little house in the suburbs". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Pearson, James (19 October 2015). "Taxis parade once-empty streets of North Korean capital". Reuters. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
^ Fifield, Anna (13 July 2017). "He ran North Korea's secret moneymaking operation. Now he lives in Virginia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
^ "Sugar-for-liquor trade deal with North scrapped due to possible sanctions violation". Korea JoongAng Daily. 24 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020. Not much is known about the Korea Kaesong Koryo Insam Trading Corporation, as is the case with most of North Korea's business operations, but the NIS believes the firm is a front for Pyongyang's so-called Room 39, an organization in the regime responsible for generating foreign currency for its leaders.

Works cited

Fischer, Paul (2016). A Kim Jong-Il Production: Kidnap, Torture, Murder... Making Movies North Korean-Style. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-97000-3.