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Monin–Obukhov length

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The Obukhov length is used to describe the effects of buoyancy on turbulent flows, particularly in the lower tenth of the atmospheric boundary layer. It was first defined by Alexander Obukhov[1] in 1946.[2][3] It is also known as the Monin–Obukhov length because of its important role in the similarity theory developed by Monin and Obukhov.[4] A simple definition of the Monin-Obukhov length is that height at which turbulence is generated more by buoyancy than by wind shear.

The Obukhov length is defined by

where is the frictional velocity, is the mean virtual potential temperature, is the surface virtual potential temperature flux, k is the von Kármán constant. If not known, the virtual potential temperature flux can be apprioximated with:[5]

where is potential temperature, and is mixing ratio.


By this definition, is usually negative in the daytime since is typically positive during the daytime over land, positive at night when is typically negative, and becomes infinite at dawn and dusk when passes through zero.

A physical interpretation of is given by the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. During the day is the height at which the buoyant production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is equal to that produced by the shearing action of the wind (shear production of TKE).

References

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  1. ^ Jacobson, Mark Z. (2005). Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139165389. ISBN 9780521839709.
  2. ^ Obukhov, A.M. (1946). "Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non- uniform temperature". Tr. Inst. Teor. Geofiz. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 1: 95–115.
  3. ^ Obukhov, A.M. (1971). "Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform temperature (English Translation)". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 2 (1): 7–29. Bibcode:1971BoLMe...2....7O. doi:10.1007/BF00718085. S2CID 121123105.
  4. ^ Monin, A.S.; Obukhov, A.M. (1954). "Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere". Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geofiz. Inst. 24: 163–187.
  5. ^ Stull, Roland B. (1988). An introduction to boundary layer meteorology (1 ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 9027727686.