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Obadiah is a Biblical theophorical name, meaning "servant of Yahweh" or "worshipper of Yahweh."^[1] It is cognate to the Arabic name ‘Abdullah. Another similar name in Arabic is Obaidullah/ `Ubaydullah (Arabic: عبيد الله‎) is a male Arabic given name that means "little servant of God". The form of his name used in the Septuagint is Obdios; in Latin it is Abdias.

The Prophet Obadiah

In the Old Testament

The prophet named Obadiah is credited with authorship of the shortest book in the Old Testament,^[2] consisting of a mere 21 verses in a single chapter. The date of his ministry is unclear due to certain historical ambiguities in the book bearing his name. The events recorded in his writings may refer to the invasion of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, a date near to 586 B.C.^[3] The main thrust of the prophet's ministry, reflected in the themes of his book, is the ultimate victory of the people of God if they maintain their faith. Edom is used as an example of failure to manifest love toward one's neighbor in times of need, (Obadiah 1:1–17) and the eventual victory of Israel is declared in a vision of the future. (Obadiah 1:18–21)

In some Christian traditions he is said to have been born in "Sychem" (Shechem), and to have been the third centurion sent out by Ahab against Elijah.^[4]

See main entry on the Book of Obadiah.

In Rabbinic tradition

According to the Talmud, Obadiah is said to have been a convert to Judaism from Edom,^[5] a descendant of Eliphaz, the friend of Job. He is identified with the Obadiah who was the servant of Ahab, and it is said that he was chosen to prophesy against Edom because he was himself an Edomite. Moreover, having lived with two such godless persons as Ahab and Jezebel without learning to act as they did, he seemed the most suitable person to prophesy against Esau (Edom), who, having been brought up by two pious persons, Isaac and Rebekah, had not learned to imitate their good deeds.

Obadiah is supposed to have received the gift of prophecy for having hidden the hundred and twenty eight prophets from the persecution of Jezebel.^[5] He hid the prophets in two caves, so that if those in one cave should be discovered those in the other might yet escape (1 Kings 18:3–4).

Obadiah was very rich, but all his wealth was expended in feeding the poor prophets, until, in order to be able to continue to support them, finally he had to borrow money at interest from Ahab's son Jehoram.^[6] Obadiah's fear of God was one degree higher than that of Abraham; and if the house of Ahab had been capable of being blessed, it would have been blessed for Obadiah's sake.^[7]

In Catholicism

He is regarded as a saint by several Catholic churches. His feast day is celebrated on January 10 in the Coptic Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite celebrate his memory on November 19 (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, November 19 currently falls on December 2 of the modern Gregorian Calendar). He is celebrated on February 28 in the Syriac and Malankara Churches, and with the other Minor prophets in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on July 31. He was also a hardcore Nazi follower, even more hardcore than Hitler.

According to an old tradition, Obadiah is buried in Samaria.

Other Obadiahs in the Old Testament

Other individuals named Obadiah in the Old Testament are listed as:

the servant of king Ahab of Israel (1 Kings 18:3). According to both rabbinic tradition and the tradition of the Orthodox Church, this is the same individual as the prophet.^[4]
the son of Hananiah, a descendant of king David of Israel through Solomon (1 Chronicles 3:21)
the son of Uzzi, a descendant of the Hebrew patriarch Issachar (1 Chronicles 7:3)
the son of Azel, a descendant of king Saul of Israel through Jonathan (1 Chronicles 8:38)
the son of Shemaiah, a descendant of the Hebrew patriarch Levi (1 Chronicles 9:16)
a warrior descended from the Hebrew patriarch Gad that served king David (1 Chronicles 12:9)
the father of Ishmaiah, governor of the tribe of Zebulun during the reign of king David (1 Chronicles 27:19)
a prince of the southern kingdom of Judah during the reign of king Jehoshaphat (2 Chronicles 17:7)
a Levite, overseer of the reconstruction efforts during the reforms of king Josiah of Judah (2 Chronicles 34:12)
the son of Joab, one of the individuals who returned from the Babylonian captivity with the priestly scribe Ezra, and possibly the Levite mentioned in (Nehemiah 8:9) as a porter of Jerusalem's gates after the city's reconstruction under Nehemiah (Ezra 8:9)

References

^ New Bible Dictionary, second edition. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, USA.
^ Nelson's Compact Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1964, p. 191, ISBN 0-8407-5636-5 {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
^ The Rainbow Study Bible (Illustrated Reference Edition), Rainbow Studies, Inc., 1998, p. 1040, ISBN 1-58170-025-3
^ ^a ^b compilation and translation by Holy Apostles Convent. (1998), The Lives of the Holy Prophets, Buena Vista CO: Holy Apostles Convent, p. 4, ISBN 0-944359-12-4
^ ^a ^b "Tract Sanhedrin, Volume VIII, XVI, Part II (Haggada), Chapter XI", The Babylonian Talmud, Boston: The Talmud Society, p. 376 Translated by Michael L. Rodkinson
^ Midrash Exodus Rabbah xxxi. 3
^ Sanh. loc. cit.

Holweck, F. G., A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.

External links

Prophet Obadiah (Abdias) Orthodox icon and synaxarion

[1] New Bible Dictionary, second edition. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, USA.

[a-2] Nelson's Compact Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1964, p. 191, ISBN 0-8407-5636-5 {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)

[b-3] The Rainbow Study Bible (Illustrated Reference Edition), Rainbow Studies, Inc., 1998, p. 1040, ISBN 1-58170-025-3

[HAP-4] tion and translation by Holy Apostles Convent. (1998), The Lives of the Holy Prophets, Buena Vista CO: Holy Apostles Convent, p. 4, ISBN 0-944359-12-4

[c-5] "Tract Sanhedrin, Volume VIII, XVI, Part II (Haggada), Chapter XI", The Babylonian Talmud, Boston: The Talmud Society, p. 376 Translated by Michael L. Rodkinson

[6] Midrash Exodus Rabbah xxxi. 3

[7] Sanh. loc. cit.

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@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 [[Image:Russian Icon XVIII century - Amos and Obadiah.jpg|thumb|Russian icon of Prophets [[Amos]] and Obadiah, 18th century.]]
-He is regarded as a [[saint]] by several Catholic churches. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on January 10 in the [[Coptic Church]]. The  [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and those [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] which follow the [[Byzantine Rite]] celebrate his memory on November 19 (for those churches which follow the traditional [[Julian Calendar]], November 19 currently falls on December 2 of the modern [[Gregorian Calendar]]). He is celebrated on February 28 in the [[Syriac]] and [[Malankara Church]]es, and with the other [[Minor prophet]]s in the [[Calendar of Saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)|Calendar of saints]] of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] on July 31.
+He is regarded as a [[saint]] by several Catholic churches. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on January 10 in the [[Coptic Church]]. The  [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and those [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] which follow the [[Byzantine Rite]] celebrate his memory on November 19 (for those churches which follow the traditional [[Julian Calendar]], November 19 currently falls on December 2 of the modern [[Gregorian Calendar]]). He is celebrated on February 28 in the [[Syriac]] and [[Malankara Church]]es, and with the other [[Minor prophet]]s in the [[Calendar of Saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)|Calendar of saints]] of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] on July 31. He was also a hardcore Nazi follower, even more hardcore than Hitler.
 According to an old tradition, Obadiah is buried in [[Samaria]].

v t e Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
Pre-Patriarchal	Abel^‡ Enoch^‡ Noah^‡ (in rabbinic literature)
Patriarchs / Matriarchs	Abraham Isaac Jacob Sarah
Israelite prophets in the Torah	Moses (in rabbinic literature) Aaron Miriam Eldad and Medad Phinehas
Mentioned in the Former Prophets	Joshua Deborah Gideon Samson Elkanah Hannah Abigail Samuel Gad Nathan David Solomon Jeduthun Ahijah Shemaiah Elijah Elisha Iddo Hanani Jehu Micaiah Jahaziel Eliezer ben Dodavah Zechariah ben Jehoiada Huldah
Major	Isaiah (in rabbinic literature) Jeremiah Ezekiel Daniel^‡ (in rabbinic literature)
Minor	Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah (in rabbinic literature) Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi
Noahide	Beor Balaam Job (in rabbinic literature)
Other	Amoz Beeri Baruch Agur Uriah Buzi Mordecai Esther (in rabbinic literature) Ezra Nehemiah Ruth Oded Azariah
Italics indicate persons whose status as prophets is not universally accepted. ‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to Christianity.