Ogbebo
| Ogbebo | |
|---|---|
| Oba of Benin | |
| Oba of Benin | |
| Reign | 1816 AD (8 months) |
| Predecessor | Obanosa |
| Successor | Osemwende |
| Father | Obanosa |
Ogbebo was the thirty-second Oba who ruled the Benin Empire in 1816 AD, albeit for a brief period. His time in power was marked by a contest for control of the Benin throne, leading to a civil conflict.
Details about Ogbebo's early life are scarce. He was born into the royal lineage of the kingdom as the son of Oba Obanosa. However, his path to the throne was marked by a dispute with his elder brother, Prince Eredia-uwa, over the rightful heir to the Benin throne. This dispute, rooted in differing claims of seniority, led to a struggle for dominance.
The rivalry between Ogbebo and Eredia-uwa not only involved the two brothers but also drew in influential chiefs and supporters from within the Benin Kingdom, resulting in a civil conflict with significant political consequences. Ogbebo's mother played a role in supporting his claim to the throne.
Oba Ogbebo's rule lasted just eight months, and it faced opposition from those who believed Prince Eredia-uwa was the rightful heir. This opposition escalated into a full-scale civil conflict, with Prince Eredia-uwa receiving support from influential figures, including the Enigie of Ishan, Erebo the Ezomo of Uzebu, and the people of Uselu. Ultimately, Prince Eredia-uwa emerged victorious in the civil conflict and assumed the title of Oba Osemwende, ending Oba Ogbebo's brief rule.
Background
[edit]Limited historical records provide insights into the early life of Ogbebo, who later became Oba Ogbebo of the Benin Empire.[1][2] He was born into the royal lineage of the kingdom as the son of Oba Obanosa.[3] His journey to the throne is intricately linked to a complex familial and political struggle that would come to define his reign.[4][5]
Ogbebo's path to power was characterized by a tumultuous dispute concerning the legitimate heir to the Benin throne.[6] He had an elder brother, Prince Eredia-uwa, who would later ascend as Oba Eredia-uwa (Oba Osemwende).[7] This rivalry for the throne arose from conflicting claims of seniority, setting the stage for a contested succession.[8][9]
The conflict between Ogbebo and Eredia-uwa not only centered on their respective claims but also involved influential chiefs and supporters from within the Benin Kingdom.[1][10] This struggle escalated into a civil conflict with far-reaching implications for the kingdom's political landscape.[8][2]
Ogbebo's mother played a role in his path to the throne, aligning herself with his cause and contributing to his initial success in seizing power.[3] This familial support added complexity to the already intricate power struggle within the royal family.[4][6]
The circumstances surrounding Ogbebo's reign illustrate the delicate balance of power and tradition within the Benin Empire.[10] His brief rule, marked by conflict and intrigue, ultimately concluded with the return and triumph of his elder brother, Oba Eredia-uwa.[7][5]
Accession to the throne
[edit]Oba Ogbebo's rise to the throne of Benin resulted from a power struggle with his elder brother, Prince Eredia-uwa, who later ascended as Oba Eredia-uwa (Oba Osemwende).[1][10] The dispute revolved around the question of seniority between the two brothers, with both asserting their claim to the throne. After a fierce struggle, Prince Ogbebo emerged as the victor, assuming the title of Oba Ogbebo.[8][9]
Reign and civil conflict
[edit]Oba Ogbebo's rule, however, was short-lived, lasting only eight months. During this brief period, he faced challenges to his reign from supporters of Prince Eredia-uwa, who believed he was the rightful heir.[5] Initially, Oba Ogbebo maintained power with the support of his mother and influential chiefs.[3]
A civil conflict ensued as Prince Eredia-uwa, with the backing of the Enigie of Ishan, Erebo the Ezomo of Uzebu, and the people of Uselu, sought to reclaim his place on the throne.[5] The conflict culminated in a battle between the forces of Oba Ogbebo and Prince Eredia-uwa, resulting in Oba Ogbebo's defeat.[3][10]
Return of Prince Eredia-uwa
[edit]Following his victory in the civil conflict, Prince Eredia-uwa was crowned as the Oba of Benin with the title Oba Osemwende.[11] Oba Ogbebo's reign came to an end after just eight months, and he was succeeded by his elder brother.[7][3]
Legacy
[edit]Oba Ogbebo's reign is primarily remembered for the brief yet intense power struggle and civil conflict that characterized it.[2] His short tenure as the ruler of the Benin Empire reflects the complex dynamics of royal succession within the kingdom during that era.[2]
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c "Oba of Benin Dynasty". 2023 Shop. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Omozusi 1997, p. 34.
- ^ a b c d e "Benin Obas {1200AD -Present}". edoworld.net your Guide To The Benin Kingdom & Edo State, Nigeria. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b n'Edo & Akpolokpolo 1997, pp. 30–33.
- ^ a b c d Ẹbọhọn, Ọ. (1979). Eguae Oba N'Edo. Eribo Printers. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b P 1995, p. 54.
- ^ a b c Bradbury 1959, pp. 263–287.
- ^ a b c Usuanlele & Falola 1994, pp. 303–318.
- ^ a b Ryder, A.F.C. (1969). Benin and the Europeans, 1485–1897. Ibadan history series. Humanities Press. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Bendel Arts Council 1979, p. 28.
- ^ Blackmun 1991, pp. 63.
Bibliography
[edit]- n'Edo, Omo n'Oba; Akpolokpolo, Uku (1997). "Opening Ceremony Address". African Arts. 30 (3). UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center: 30–33. doi:10.2307/3337495. ISSN 0001-9933. JSTOR 3337495. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- Usuanlele, Uyilawa; Falola, Toyin (1994). "The Scholarship of Jacob Egharevba of Benin". History in Africa. 21. Cambridge University Press (CUP): 303–318. doi:10.2307/3171890. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171890. S2CID 161203337.
- Bradbury, R. E. (1959). "Chronological Problems in the Study of Benin History". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 1 (4). Historical Society of Nigeria: 263–287. ISSN 0018-2540. JSTOR 41970638. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- Omozusi, N.O. (1997). The Benin Kingdom a Century After British Invasion. Mufti International Services. ISBN 978-978-2692-14-6. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- P, B.E.N.A. (1995). ART OF BENIN 2E PB (in Dutch). Smithsonian. ISBN 978-1-56098-610-2. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- Bendel Arts Council (1979). Ivie. Bendel Arts Council. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- Blackmun, Barbara Winston (1991). "Who Commissioned the Queen Mother Tusks? A Problem in the Chronology of Benin Ivories". African Arts. 24 (2). UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center: 55–91. ISSN 0001-9933. JSTOR 3336853. Retrieved 12 October 2023.