Dioxidanylium
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
oxooxidanium
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| Other names
Hydroperoxy cation; Hydridodioxygen(1+); Dioxidenium; dioxidanylium
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| 508 | |
PubChem CID
|
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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|
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| Properties | |
| HO2+ | |
| Molar mass | 33.005 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Dioxidanylium, which is protonated molecular oxygen, or just protonated oxygen, is an ion with formula HO+
2.
It is formed when hydrogen containing substances combust, and exists in the ionosphere, and in plasmas that contain oxygen and hydrogen.[2] Oxidation by O2 in superacids could be by way of the production of protonated molecular oxygen.
It is the conjugate acid of dioxygen. The proton affinity of dioxygen (O2) is 4.4 eV.[3]
Significance
[edit]Protonated molecular oxygen is of interest in trying to detect dioxygen in space. Because Earth's atmosphere is full of O2, its spectrum from a space object is impossible to observe from the ground. However HO+
2 should be much more detectable.[4]
Formation
[edit]Reaction of dioxygenyl O+
2 with hydrogen:[5]
- O+•
2 + H2 → HO+
2 + H•
The reaction of the trihydrogen cation with dioxygen is approximately thermoneutral:[3]
- O2 + H+
3 → HO+
2 + H2
When atomic hydrogen, created in an electric discharge is rapidly cooled with oxygen and condensed in solid neon, several reactive ions and molecules are produced. These include HO2 (hydroperoxyl), HOHOH−, H2O(HO), HOHO− as well as HO+
2.[6] This reaction also forms hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen tetroxide (H2O4).[7]
Properties
[edit]In the infrared spectrum HO+
2 the v1 band due to vibrating O–H has a band head at 3016.73 cm−1.[8]
Reactions
[edit]A helium complex (He–O2H+) also is known.[8]
HO+
2 appears to react rapidly with hydrogen:[9]
- HO+
2 + H2 → O2 + H+
3
HO+
2 also reacts with dinitrogen and water:[9]
- HO+
2 + H2O → O2 + H3O+
Related
[edit]The protonated molecular oxygen dimer HO+
4 has a lower energy than that of protonated molecular oxygen.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ "HO2+". webbook.nist.gov.
- ^ Robbe, J.M.; Monnerville, M.; Chambaud, G.; Rosmus, P.; Knowles, P.J. (January 2000). "Theoretical spectroscopic data of the HO+
2 ion". Chemical Physics. 252 (1–2): 9–16. Bibcode:2000CP....252....9R. doi:10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00350-X. - ^ a b c Xavier, George D.; Bernal-Uruchurtu, Margarita I.; Hernández-Lamoneda, Ramón (28 August 2014). "Communication: study of O4H+: A tracer molecule in the interstellar medium?". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 141 (8): 081101. doi:10.1063/1.4894068. PMID 25172995.
- ^ Widicus Weaver, Susanna L.; Woon, David E.; Ruscic, Branko; McCall, Benjamin J. (20 May 2009). "Is HO+
2 a Detectable Interstellar Molecule?". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (1): 601–609. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697..601W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/1/601. - ^ Ajello, J. M. (1974). "Formation of HO+
2 by reaction of metastable O+
2 ions with H2". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 60 (4): 1211–1213. Bibcode:1974JChPh..60.1211A. doi:10.1063/1.1681184. - ^ Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E. (24 December 2012). "Infrared Spectra of Products of the Reaction of H Atoms with O2 Trapped in Solid Neon: HO2, HO+
2, HOHOH− , and H2O(HO)". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (39): 9380–9390. doi:10.1021/jp310849s. PMID 23215001. - ^ Levanov, A. V.; Isaikina, O. Ya.; Antipenko, E. E.; Lunin, V. V. (5 August 2014). "Mechanism of the formation of hydrogen tetroxide and peroxide via low-temperature interaction between hydrogen atoms and molecular oxygen". Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 88 (9): 1488–1492. Bibcode:2014RJPCA..88.1488L. doi:10.1134/S0036024414090222. S2CID 97672680.
- ^ a b Kohguchi, Hiroshi; Jusko, Pavol; Yamada, Koichi M. T.; Schlemmer, Stephan; Asvany, Oskar (14 April 2018). "High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of O2H+ in a cryogenic ion trap". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 148 (14): 144303. Bibcode:2018JChPh.148n4303K. doi:10.1063/1.5023633. PMID 29655341.
- ^ a b Kluge, Lars; Gärtner, Sabrina; Brünken, Sandra; Asvany, Oskar; Gerlich, Dieter; Schlemmer, Stephan (13 November 2012). "Transfer of a proton between H2 and O2". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 370 (1978): 5041–5054. Bibcode:2012RSPTA.370.5041K. doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0170. PMID 23028152.