Swallowtail shiner
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2023) |
| Swallowtail shiner | |
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| Drawing of Notropis procne | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Leuciscidae |
| Subfamily: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | Miniellus |
| Species: | M. procne
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| Binomial name | |
| Miniellus procne (Cope, 1865)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The swallowtail shiner (Miniellus procne) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows.[2] This species is found in North America. It has a slender and long body of about 40–55 millimetres (1.6–2.2 in). The shiner has a pale yellow back with a blue stripe on its silver side. It also has a silvery white belly. Its fins are yellowish and it has a dorsal fin originating above the back half of the pelvic fin base and a tail fin with a black spot at its base. When viewed from above, two pigmented stripes are visible near the dorsal fin: one predorsally and the postdorsally.[3]: 880 Its snout is either slightly pointed or slightly rounded. The swallowtail shiner lives in warm creeks and in river pools.
It is known to live in Atlantic drainages from New York to South Carolina. It may have been introduced to the New River system in Virginia, although it is possible that it is native there.[4] It may have spread via canals into tributaries of Lake Ontario.[4] It is often found near plants. The shiner eats insects, worms, mites, microcrustaceans, and algae. Juvenile shiners mature after a year and spawn from mid-May to July when the water reaches a temperature of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). Fecundity is unknown in this species and it breeds well in aquariums. It is similar to the closely related Cape Fear shiner and sand shiner.
Taxonomy
[edit]There are two subspecies of swallowtail shiner:[5] Miniellus procne procne[6] and M. procne longiceps (Cope, 1868).[7] The nominate subspecies is found in the Delaware River and Susquehanna Rivers south to the James River in Virginia. M. procne longiceps is found from the Roanoke River in Virginia to the Santee River in South Carolina.[8]
This species is the type species of the genus Miniellus, which was originally proposed as a subgenus of the genus Notropis,[9] but is now regarded as a valid genus, within the subfamily Pogonichthyinae in the family Leuciscidae.[2]
References
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- ^ NatureServe (2013). "Notropis procne". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202320A18230300. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202320A18230300.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Miniellus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- ^ Warren Jr., Melvin L.; Burr, Brooks M.; Grady, James M. (1994). "Notropis albizonatus, a New Cyprinid Fish Endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland River Drainages, with a Phylogeny of the Notropis procne Species Group". Copeia. 1994 (4): 868–886. doi:10.2307/1446710. JSTOR 1446710.
- ^ a b Nico, Leo; Fuller, Pam (6 July 2000). "Notropis procne (Swallowtail Shiner)". Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ "Notropis procne". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ "Notropis procne procne (Cope, 1865)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ "Notropis procne longiceps (Cope, 1868)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ Smith, C. Lavett (2006) [Originally published 1985 in The Inland Fishes of New York State (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation)]. Kraft, C.E.; Carlson, D.M.; Carlson, M. (eds.). "Swallowtail shiner". Inland Fishes of New York (Online), Version 4.0. Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pogonichthyinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- "Swallowtail Shiner, Notropis procne". The Virtual Aquarium. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- Swallowtail shiner on FishBase