Nose: Difference between revisions
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noses are no more pleas do not deleat this |
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{{otheruses}} |
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{{Unreferenced|date=June 2008}} |
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{{for|the article about noses in humans|human nose}} |
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Sidenose.JPG|right|thumb|Human nose from side|{{deletable image-caption|1=Thursday, 13 November 2008}}]] --> |
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[[Image:A raccoon's nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|Close-up of a [[raccoon]]'s nose.]] |
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[[Image:Lightmatter elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|right|[[Elephant]]s have [[prehensile]] noses]] |
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[[Image:Canine-nose.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dog]]s have very sensitive noses]] |
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[[Image:Malayan Tapir Profile.jpg|thumb|right|178px|The nose of a tapir.]] |
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Anatomically, a '''nose''' is a protuberance in [[vertebrate]]s that houses the [[nostril]]s, or nares, which admit and expel air for [[Respiration (physiology)|respiration]] in conjunction with the [[mouth]]. |
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and behind the nose is the [[olfactory mucosa]] and the [[Paranasal sinus|sinuses]]. Behind the [[nasal cavity]], air next passes through the [[pharynx]], shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the [[respiratory system]]. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other [[mammal]]s, it is on the upper tip of the [[snout]]. |
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In [[cetacean]]s, the nose has been reduced to the nostrils, which have migrated to the top of the head, producing a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the [[elephant]]'s nose has elaborated into a long, muscular, manipulative organ called the trunk. |
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==Air conditioning== |
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As an interface between the body and the external world, the nose and associated structures frequently perform additional functions concerned with conditioning entering air (for instance, by warming and/or humidifying it, also for flicking if moving and by mostly reclaiming moisture from the air before it is exhaled (as occurs most efficiently in [[camel]]s). The nose hairs are able to stop unwanted particles from entering the lungs. |
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==Smelling== |
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In most mammals, the nose is the primary large organ for [[olfaction|smelling]]. As the animal sniffs, the air flows through the nose and over structures called [[turbinate]]s in the nasal cavity. Turbulent flow will promote mixing of the air in the nasal cavity allowing the molecules of a newly inhaled breath of air to reach the sensitive epithelium as fast as possible. Laminar flow would imply a stationary layer of air around the epithelium only to be entered by diffusion. Sniffing will cause more turbulence also. At the olfactory epithelium, [[odor]] molecules carried by the air dissolve in the fluid covered cilia of the [[olfactory receptor neuron]]s, where they bind to specific [[G protein-coupled receptor|receptor proteins]] causing a [[depolarization]] of the receptor cell. At the [[glomeruli]] dendrites of many receptor cells sensitive to the same kind of odor converge and from there a signal is forwarded to the brains olfactory region. |
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==Sense of direction== |
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The [[rhinarium|wet nose]] of dogs is useful for the perception of direction. The sensitive cold receptors in the skin detect the place where the nose is cooled the most and this is the direction a particular smell that the animal just picked up comes from.<ref>Dijkgraaf S.;Vergelijkende dierfysiologie;Bohn, Scheltema en Holkema, 1978, ISBN 90 313 0322 4</ref> |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Rhinarium]]—the wet, naked surface around the nostrils in most mammals, absent in [[Haplorrhini|haplorrhine]] primates such as humans |
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* [[Human nose]] |
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* [[Nasal bridge]] |
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* [[Nose-picking]] |
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* [[Nasal administration]] |
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[[Category:Nose| ]] |
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[[af:Neus]] |
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[[ar:أنف]] |
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[[an:Naso]] |
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[[arz:مناخير]] |
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[[ay:Nasa]] |
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[[bs:Nos]] |
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[[br:Fri]] |
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[[bg:Нос (анатомия)]] |
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[[ca:Nas]] |
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[[cs:Nos]] |
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[[co:Nasu]] |
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[[cy:Trwyn]] |
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[[da:Næse]] |
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[[de:Nase]] |
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[[dv:ނޭފަތް]] |
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[[et:Nina]] |
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[[el:Μύτη]] |
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[[es:Nariz]] |
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[[eo:Nazo]] |
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[[eu:Sudur]] |
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[[fa:بینی]] |
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[[fr:Nez]] |
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[[gd:Sròn]] |
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[[ko:코]] |
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[[hi:नाक]] |
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[[hr:Nos]] |
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[[io:Nazo]] |
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[[id:Hidung]] |
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[[iu:ᕿᖓᖅ/qingaq]] |
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[[is:Nef]] |
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[[it:Naso]] |
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[[he:אף]] |
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[[pam:Arung]] |
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[[sw:Pua]] |
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[[ku:Poz]] |
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[[la:Nasus]] |
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[[lv:Deguns]] |
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[[lt:Nosis]] |
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[[jbo:nazbi]] |
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[[lmo:Nas]] |
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[[hu:Orr]] |
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[[mk:Нос]] |
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[[ml:മൂക്ക്]] |
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[[ms:Hidung]] |
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[[nl:Neus]] |
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[[ja:鼻]] |
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[[no:Nese]] |
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[[oc:Nas]] |
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[[pag:Eleng]] |
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[[pl:Nos]] |
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[[pt:Nariz]] |
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[[ksh:Nahß]] |
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[[ro:Nas]] |
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[[qu:Sinqa]] |
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[[ru:Нос]] |
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[[sco:Neb]] |
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[[sq:Hunda]] |
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[[scn:Nasu (anatumìa)]] |
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[[simple:Nose]] |
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[[sk:Nos]] |
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[[sl:Nos]] |
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[[szl:Šnupa]] |
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[[sh:Nos]] |
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[[fi:Nenä]] |
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[[sv:Näsa]] |
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[[tl:Ilong]] |
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[[ta:மூக்கு]] |
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[[th:จมูก]] |
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[[tg:Бинӣ]] |
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[[tr:Burun (organ)]] |
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[[uk:Ніс]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Nõna]] |
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[[wa:Nez]] |
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[[yi:נאז]] |
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[[zh-yue:鼻]] |
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[[diq:Pırnıke]] |
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[[bat-smg:Nuosis]] |
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[[zh:鼻]] |
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Revision as of 19:40, 17 March 2009
noses are no more pleas do not deleat this