Non nobis
Non nobis is the incipit and conventional title of a short Latin Christian hymn used as a prayer of thanksgiving and expression of humility. The Latin text is from the Vulgate translation of the Book of Psalms, Psalm 113:9 in Vulgate / Greek numbering (Psalm 115:1 in Hebrew numbering): Nōn nōbīs, Domine, nōn nōbīs, sed nōminī tuō dā glōriam (KJV: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but to thy name give the glory"[3]).
History
[edit]Medieval
[edit]As part of Psalm 113 (In exitu Israel) it was recited liturgically as part of the Paschal vigil, the celebrants kneeling in a gesture of self-abasement when this verse was reached.[4]
It was reported[by whom?][year needed] that the war flag of the Knights Templar, Baucent, had been inscribed with the verse.[5][6]
Renaissance
[edit]Jean Mouton (c. 1459–1522) composed a motet to a text beginning with the Non nobis to celebrate the birth of Renée of France, a daughter to Louis XII and Anne of Brittany in 1510.[citation needed]
Non nobis Domine is now known in the form of a 16th-century canon derived from two passages in the motet Aspice Domine (a5) by the South Netherlandish lutenist and composer Philip van Wilder, who worked at the English court from c. 1520 until his death in 1554. Van Wilder's motet contains both the two related motifs which were apparently extracted from the motet by a later musician during the reign of Elizabeth I to form the canon subject. Although the two passages are not heard consecutively, they are linked as they both set the text phrase non est qui consoletur ("there is none to console [her]"), which was presumably the text to which the canon was originally sung.
Van Wilder's motet was widely sung in Elizabethan recusant circles, and is preserved in as many as seven Tudor manuscripts.. It provided a model for Byrd's famous Civitas sancti tui (Ne irascaris Domine Part II). One factor in its popularity was undoubtedly its text, a responsory from the Roman Breviary and Sarum Breviary which was sung during the weeks before Advent. It laments the desolation of the Holy City in language derived from Jeremiah:
Aspice Domine, quia facta est desolata civitas plena divitiis, sedet in tristitia domina gentium: non est qui consoletur eam, nisi tu Deus noster (2) Plorans ploravit in nocte, et lacrimae eius in maxillis eius. Non est qui consoletur eam, nisi tu Deus noster. [Translation:] Behold, Lord, for the city once full of riches is laid waste, she who ruled the peoples sits in sadness: there is none to console her but thou, our God. (2) She wept sorely in the night, and her tears were on her cheeks: there is none to console her but thou, our God.
Texts of this type (which also feature widely in Byrd's penitential and political motets of the 1580s) were widely read by the Elizabethan recusant community in contemporary terms as expressions of Catholic nostalgia for the old religious order. The Non est qui consoletur canon was probably widely sung in recusant circles with the same connotations. Although this version has not survived in written form, the canon subject was simple enough to have been memorized and transmitted orally.
Early modern period
[edit]The next stage in the development of the canon was a heretical text substitution which occurred early in the 17th century. This is clear from the earliest known notated source, the so-called Bull MS (also known as Tisdale's Virginal Book)[7]
Shakespeare, in Henry V Act IV Scene 8, has the king proclaim the singing of both the Non nobis and the Te Deum after the victory at Agincourt. The canon is sung in the 1944 film of Henry V (starring Laurence Olivier) and also in the 1989 film of the same title (starring Kenneth Branagh), though we now know that the retexted version was not in existence as early as 1599, when the play was written. There is no stage direction in the play to indicate the singing of Non nobis Domine , but if Shakespeare had a specific setting in mind he was probably thinking anachronistically of a Protestant metrical psalm tune. However, in Hall's Chronicle (1542) Non nobis is sung as part of the complete psalm, presumably to plainsong or faburden.
When the kyng had passed through the felde & saw neither resistence nor apparaunce of any Frenchmen savyng the dead corsses [corpses], he caused the retrayte to be blowen and brought al his armie together about, iiij [4]. of the clocke at after noone. And fyrst to geve thankes to almightie God gever & tributor of this glorious victory, he caused his prelates & chapelaines fyrst to sing this psalme In exitu Israel de Egipto, commaundyng every man to knele doune on the ground at this verse. Non nobis domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam, whiche is to say in Englishe, Not to us lord, not to us, but to thy name let the glory be geven: whiche done he caused Te deum with certeine anthemes to be song gevyng laudes and praisynges to God, and not boastyng nor braggyng of him selfe nor his humane power.
Modern history
[edit]In England the canon came to form part of the repertory of glee clubs in the 18th and 19th centuries, and has traditionally been sung as a grace at public dinners. In the 20th century grace was said or sung before all meals at St Paul's Cathedral School, London, and grace on Sundays and feast days was the sung Non Nobis canon. In modern times it has been quoted by Michael Tippett in his Shires Suite (1970).
For the 1989 film adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry V by Kenneth Branagh, Patrick Doyle composed (and sang) a completely different setting that adapted the words slightly.
Usage
[edit] | This yes may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. (August 2023) |
Non nobis Domine is usually sung as a three-part perpetual canon with the two following voices entering at the lower fourth and lower octave in relation to the lead melody (dux). This is the version given in most of the early sources, but many other solutions are technically possible, a fact which has perhaps contributed much to its enduring appeal.
Non nobis Domine is the official school song of Clarendon House Grammar School... St. Henry's Marist College Durban, South Africa, the PREB school of textile design; Belfast High School, Foxford Comprehensive School, Coventry, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland; Coleraine High School, Coleraine, Northern Ireland; Craigholme Girls School, Glasgow; and The High School For Girls, Gloucester. It is also the school song of Richard Challoner School, London and the Covenant School of Dallas which is a classical, Christian private school in Dallas, TX. It is the song of the St. Charles Garnier College, of Québec City, the oldest comprehensive secondary school in Canada. It is also the official slogan of Guildford County School in Surrey, UK. Non nobis was also the school song of Lady Edridge Grammar School for Girls, Selhurst, Croydon, Surrey. Lady Edridge was next to the Crystal Palace Football Club ground, Clifton Road, and demolished in the 1980s. However, their version was written by Rudyard Kipling, with music by Roger Quilter (links below). This version was also the school song of Purley County Grammar School for Girls, Stoneyfield Road, Old Coulsdon, Surrey which was also demolished in the 1980s. This song was also the school song of Parklands Girls High School, Seacroft, and Cockburn High School, Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire. Parklands was the last remaining all girls school in Leeds and was closed in recent years, The Cockburn High School building was closed because of asbestos contamination, but the School was transferred to another area of Beeston. It was also the school hymn of Cirencester Grammar School (1461 to 1966). Mount Temple Comprehensive School in Clontarf, Dublin has it as a school song, and is sung annually at the carol service. Coleraine High School used Non nobis Domine as their school song before it was passed on[clarification needed] to Belfast High School on 25 March 2015. In addition Bromley Technical High School, Bromley, Kent had it as the school song in the 1950s. It is currently the school song of Bishop Anstey High School in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Non Nobis is also the name of a Portuguese hard rock/heavy metal record label founded in 1992 in Tomar, but today are based in Lisbon.
Non nobis Domine is the name of a community choir based in Shannon, County Clare, Ireland. The choir was formed at St. Patrick's Comprehensive School in 1967 and is directed (since formation) by Mr. Clem Garvey.
References
[edit]- ^ Berendt, John (2005). The City of Falling Angels. p. 111.
- ^ "The strange inscription on Palazzo Vendramin Calergi on the Grand Canal in Venice". venetoinside.com. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
- ^ "Psalm numbers". www.psalmen.wursten.be.
- ^ See F.Ll. Harrison, Music in Mediaeval Britain (London, 1958) pp. 94-95
- ^ A. E. Waite, A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry vol. 1 (1921), p. 67
- ^ "Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam" (in Italian). Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ^ (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum MS 782 f. 122.)
Sources
[edit]- Humphreys, David (Summer 2003). "Wilder's hand". The Musical Times. 144: 4. JSTOR 3650676.
- Humphreys, David (Summer 2005). "Subverting the canon". The Musical Times. 146: 3–4. JSTOR 30044084.
- Brett, Philip (September 1972). "Did Byrd Write 'Non Nobis, Domine'?". The Musical Times. 113 (1555): 855–857. doi:10.2307/957361. JSTOR 957361.
External links
[edit]- "Non Nobis Domine" by Roger Quilter. The Fort Lewis College Men's Choir – The Fort Lewis College Men's Choir sing "Non Nobis Domine" by Roger Quilter (text by Rudyard Kipling)
- Poetry Cat
- Psalm 115:1 Not to us, O LORD, not to us, but to Your name be the glory, because of Your loving devotion, because of Your faithfulness.
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