Pentostatin
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Nipent |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a692004 |
Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | n/a |
Protein binding | 4% |
Metabolism | Hepatic, minor |
Elimination half-life | 2.6 to 16 hours, mean 5.7 hours |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.991 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C11H16N4O4 |
Molar mass | 268.273 g·mol−1 |
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Pentostatin (or deoxycoformycin, trade name Nipent, manufactured by SuperGen) is an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug.[2]
Mechanism
[edit]It is classified as a purine analog, which is a type of antimetabolite.
It mimics the nucleoside adenosine and thus inhibits the enzyme adenosine deaminase, interfering with the cell's ability to process DNA.[3]
Cancer cells generally divide more often than healthy cells; DNA is highly involved in cell division (mitosis) and drugs which target DNA-related processes are therefore more toxic to cancer cells than healthy cells.
Uses
[edit]Pentostatin is used to treat hairy cell leukemia.[4] It is given by intravenous infusion once every two weeks for three to six months.
Additionally, pentostatin has been used to treat steroid-refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.[5]
Pentostatin is also used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients who have relapsed.
Synthesis
[edit]This is the original synthetic pathway although improvements were made.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pentostatin_synthesis.svg/500px-Pentostatin_synthesis.svg.png)
References
[edit]- ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
- ^ Kay NE, Geyer SM, Call TG, et al. (January 2007). "Combination chemoimmunotherapy with pentostatin, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab shows significant clinical activity with low accompanying toxicity in previously untreated B chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Blood. 109 (2): 405–11. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-07-033274. PMC 1785105. PMID 17008537.
- ^ Sauter C, Lamanna N, Weiss MA (September 2008). "Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 4 (9): 1217–22. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.9.1217. PMID 18721115.
- ^ Cannon T, Mobarek D, Wegge J, Tabbara IA (October 2008). "Hairy cell leukemia: current concepts". Cancer Invest. 26 (8): 860–5. doi:10.1080/07357900801965034. PMID 18798068.
- ^ Bolaños-Meade J, Jacobsohn DA, Margolis J, Ogden A, Wientjes MG, Byrd JC, Lucas DM, Anders V, Phelps M, Grever MR, Vogelsang GB (April 2005). "Pentostatin in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease". J Clin Oncol. 23 (12): 2661–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.06.130. PMID 15837980.
- ^ Baker, D. C., Putt, S. R. (September 1979). "A total synthesis of pentostatin, the potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 101 (20): 6127–6128. doi:10.1021/ja00514a048.
- ^ Showalter, H.D.Hollis; Putt, Sterling R (1981). "Studies related to the total synthesis of pentostatin: An efficient, regiospecific glycosylation of 6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,2]diazepin-8(3H)-one and related homologs.". Tetrahedron Letters. 22 (33): 3155–3158. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)81851-7.
- ^ Chan, Eunice; Putt, Sterling R.; Showalter, H. D. Hollis; Baker, David C. (1982). "Total synthesis of (8R)-3-(2-deoxy-.beta.-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (pentostatin), the potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 47 (18): 3457–3464. doi:10.1021/jo00139a015.
- ^ Baker, David C.; Putt, Sterling R.; Showalter, H. D. Hollis (1983). "Studies related to the total synthesis of pentostatin. Approaches to the synthesis of (8R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol andN-3 alkyl congeners". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 20 (3): 629–634. doi:10.1002/jhet.5570200324.
- ^ Tunac, J. B.; Underhill, M. (1985). "2'-Chloropentostatin: Discovery, fermentation and biological activity.". The Journal of Antibiotics. 38 (10): 1344–1349. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.38.1344.
- ^ Kusakabe Hitoshi & Kodama Kenjirou (+4), JPS52128292 (1977-10-27 to Yamasa Shoyu Kk); CA, 88,73015
- ^ GB2005661 idem David C. Baker & Sterling R. Putt, US4117229 (1978 to Warner Lambert Co LLC).
- ^ David C. Baker & Sterling R. Putt, US4195176 (1980 to Warner Lambert Co LLC).
- ^ Pasit Phiasivongsa, Sanjeev Redkar, WO2005027838 (2005 to Supergen, Inc.).
- ^ Oleksandr Zabudkin, Christian Schickaneder, Iaroslav Matviienko, Volodymyr Sypchenko, WO2017005784 (2017 to Synbias Pharma Ag).