National Rugby League: Difference between revisions
Mattdocbrown (talk | contribs) |
Mattdocbrown (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
| url = http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS181949+02-Sep-2009+PRN20090902 |
| url = http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS181949+02-Sep-2009+PRN20090902 |
||
| accessdate = 2009-09-19 |
| accessdate = 2009-09-19 |
||
| date=2 September 2009}}</ref> In addition, the NRL champions also play a world-series style contest against the premiers of the European [[Super League]] competition in the [[World Club Challenge]].<ref>http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12211_4995130,00.html</ref> |
| date=2 September 2009}}</ref> In addition, the NRL champions also play a world-series style contest against the premiers of the European [[Super League]] competition in the [[World Club Challenge]].<ref>http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12211_4995130,00.html</ref><ref>http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/List_of_sports_attendance_figures</ref> |
||
==Teams== |
==Teams== |
||
Revision as of 03:33, 20 November 2010
Current season or competition: 2010 NRL season | |
| National Rugby League logo | |
| Sport | Rugby league |
|---|---|
| Formerly known as | Australian Rugby League |
| Instituted | 1997 |
| Inaugural season | 1908 NSWRFL season (1998 as NRL) |
| Chief Executive | David Gallop (2002- ) |
| Number of teams | 16 |
| Countries |  Australia New Zealand |
| Premiers | St George Illawarra Dragons (2010) |
| Website | nrl.com |
| Broadcast partner | |
The National Rugby League (NRL) is the top competition of professional rugby league football clubs in Australasia. The NRL's main competition (known as the Telstra Premiership due to sponsorship), is contested by sixteen teams, fifteen of which are based in Australia with one based in New Zealand. It is the world's elite rugby league championship and, per season, is the single most viewed and attended rugby football competition in the world.[1]
The National Rugby League is the present-day embodiment of Australia's top-level domestic rugby league competition, which in turn grew from Sydney's club competition, and which has been running continuously since 1908. The NRL formed in the aftermath of the 1990s' Super League war as a joint partnership between the sport's already-existing national governing body, the Australian Rugby League (ARL) and News Corporation-controlled Super League, after both organisations ran premierships parallel to each other in 1997.[2]
NRL matches are played throughout Australia and New Zealand from Autumn until Spring. The season culminates in the premiership deciding game, the NRL Grand Final, traditionally one of Australia's most popular sporting events and one of the largest Club Championship matches in the world.[3] In addition, the NRL champions also play a world-series style contest against the premiers of the European Super League competition in the World Club Challenge.[4][5]
Teams
Since 2007 the NRL has consisted of eight clubs based in the New South Wales metropolitan area, two in the New South Wales country area, three in Queensland, one in Victoria, one in the Australian Capital Territory and one in New Zealand. The league operates on a single group system, with no divisions or conferences and no relegation and promotion from other leagues. Below the NRL however are regional affiliated leagues operating in all states and territories of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and neighbouring Pacific Islands.[6]
The map below indicates the locations of teams currently competing in the National Rugby League competition. The inset is of greater Sydney. Template:NRL map
The following sixteen clubs are competing in the National Rugby League during the 2010 NRL season. All but four of them (the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, North Queensland Cowboys, New Zealand Warriors, and the Gold Coast Titans) have won premierships.
A total of twenty-three clubs have played in the National Rugby League since its first season in 1998. For a list of all clubs past and present see National Rugby League Teams. For a complete list of all teams no longer competing in the NRL see here
Eleven clubs have been members of the National Rugby League for every season since its inception in 1998. This group includes Brisbane, Bulldogs, Canberra, Cronulla, Melbourne, New Zealand, Newcastle, North Queensland, Parramatta, Penrith and Roosters.
Foundation clubs
Two current NRL teams have existed since the 1908 foundation of the NSWRL, the predecessor of the NRL. These teams are the South Sydney Rabbitohs and the Sydney Roosters (founded as 'Eastern Suburbs'). The Wests Tigers team resulted from a merger between the Western Suburbs Magpies and the Balmain Tigers, both of which were foundation clubs which played in the first grade competition between 1908 and 1999. Despite fielding a join-venture team in the NRL, Western Suburbs and Balmain remain independent clubs and field their own teams in lower-level competitions.
The North Sydney Bears were also a foundation club of the NSWRL in 1908 though are currently playing in the NSW Cup instead of the top level of Rugby League. This was after a failed merger with arch rivals the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in 2000 which they ran under the banner of the now defunct Northern Eagles. The North Sydney Bears have proposed readmission to the NRL for the 2013 season which they will be called the Central Coast Bears and play their home games at Gosford where they built their homeground Graham Park.[citation needed]
Former top-grade side Newtown Jets were also a foundation club, but were forced out of the competition after the 1983 season for financial reasons. They now field a team in the NSW Cup.[7]
There also existed Newcastle (who withdrew after 1909 to start a local premiership) and Glebe (also known as "The Dirty Reds" because their colour was maroon) who were removed from the NSWRL premiership in 1929 for "unsporting behaviour" [8]. 23 days after the kickoff on April 20, 1908, another team entered from Cumberland. They only ever won one game as they won the wooden spoon in 1908 and did not participate after that.
Famous NRL Rivalries
For the list of Famous NRL Rivalries see - Famous NRL Rivalries
List of Premiers
- For the list of NSWRL premiers 1908 - 1994 see - New South Wales Rugby League premiership
- For the list of ARL premiers 1995 - 1997 see - Australian Rugby League
- For the Super League premier 1997 see - Super League (Australia) season 1997
History
Origins
The New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) ran the major rugby league competition of New South Wales from its inception in 1908 until 1994, by which time its powers had expanded to run the code nationally. Following the introduction of a new format for interstate rugby league, State of Origin in 1980, the decade of the 1980s brought about expansion of the NSWRL premiership, with the introduction of commercial sponsorship, the Winfield Cup, and the addition of non-Sydney-based teams, Canberra and Illawarra in 1982.[9][10] Although this move brought more interest in the competition statewide in New South Wales, it would spell the beginning of the demise of some of the traditional Sydney-based clubs as well as the Brisbane Rugby League premiership. Following the 1983 season, foundation club Newtown Jets were ultimately forced to withdraw from the competition because of financial difficulties.[11]
Further expansion of the league followed in 1988, with another three teams based outside Sydney introduced to the competition; the Newcastle Knights and the first two Queensland teams, the Brisbane Broncos and Gold Coast-Tweed Giants.[12] The Brisbane and Newcastle sides proved to be successful and popular and paved the way towards a push for a truly national competition. This was undertaken in 1995 with control of the premiership passing from the NSWRFL to the Australian Rugby League (ARL), who invited four more teams from outside NSW to participate in 1995.
Establishment
The prospect of a truly national rugby league competition in addition to the introduction of pay television in Australia attracted the attention of global media organisation, News Corporation, and it followed that professional rugby league was shaken to its very foundations in the mid-1990s with the advent of the Super League war. Initially a conflict over broadcasting rights, it became a dispute as to who controlled the sport, as News Limited formed their own Super League and admitted some former ARL clubs, poaching players from the original ARL league with high salaries. With twenty-two teams of highly varying quality playing in two competitions that year, crowd attendances and corporate sponsorships were spread very thinly,[13] and many teams found themselves in financial difficulty. The ARL undertook moves to invite the traditional clubs that had moved to the Super League competition back into a re-unified competition. Following a period of negotiation with News Corporation, on 23 September 1997 the ARL announced that it was forming a new company to conduct the competition in 1998. On 7 October News' Rupert Murdoch announced that he was confident that there would be a single competition in 1998. On the 19th of December, representatives of clubs affiliated with the Australian Rugby League gathered at the Sydney Football Stadium to decide whether to accept News Limited's offer of a settlement - eventually voting in favour by 36 votes to 4.[14] As a result, in the following months the National Rugby League, jointly owned by the ARL and News Limited, was formed.
It was announced that the inaugural National Rugby League (NRL) season of 1998 would have 20 teams competing, 19 remaining Super League and ARL teams plus the Melbourne Storm, who were created by Super League for their 1998 season. Clubs on both sides of the war were shut down. Super League decided to close the Hunter Mariners and the financially ruined Perth Reds, who were $10 million in debt at the end of 1997[citation needed], while the ARL decided to close down the South Queensland Crushers, who were also in severe financial trouble[citation needed]. Additionally, at the end of 1998 the NRL decided to close down former Super League club, the Adelaide Rams and former ARL club, the Gold Coast Chargers, despite the Gold Coast franchise being one of the few clubs to make a profit during the Super League war[citation needed].
1998-2002: Rationalisation
One condition of the peace agreement between the ARL and News Limited was that there would be a 14 team competition in 2000. The 20 clubs that played in 1998 would be assessed on various items such as sponsorship, crowds, on-field success and the like. It was also announced that clubs that merged would receive a large sum of money, as well as a guaranteed position in the 2000 NRL Competition. The St. George Dragons and the Illawarra Steelers were the first clubs to take up the offer, forming the joint-venture St. George Illawarra Dragons at the end of the 1998 season.
The 1999 NRL Grand Final brought about a new official world record attendance for a game of rugby league. 107,999 spectators saw the Melbourne Storm defeat the newly-created St. George Illawarra Dragons in the decider at Stadium Australia.
Balmain and Western Suburbs formed the joint-venture club, the Wests Tigers at the end of 1999, while North Sydney and Manly-Warringah created the ill-fated Northern Eagles. As part of another image makeover, a number of teams also released new club logos. The most notable of these was the Sydney Roosters, dropping the City section of their name for the 2000 season and beyond. Souths were controversially axed from the competition at the end of 1999 for failing to meet the criteria.
This move was highly controversial and on 12 November 2000 approximately 80,000 marched in protest at their continued exclusion. South Sydney challenged the decision in the Federal Court claiming that the NRL agreement was exclusionary, intended to unfairly exclude South Sydney, and breached the Trade Practices Act. Justice Paul Finn ruled that the agreement did not specifically exclude any club and dismissed the Rabbitohs' claims for re-instatement into the national competition. Souths appealed this decision and were re-admitted into the competition in 2002.
The Auckland Warriors experienced much financial hardship in the early part of the decade, ultimately collapsing before being resurrected as the New Zealand Warriors for the 2001 season. They made the Grand Final in 2002.
In 2001, Australia's largest telecommunications provider Telstra became naming rights sponsor of the NRL, with the competition's name becoming the NRL Telstra Premiership, while in 2002 David Gallop took over the CEO role from David Moffett, and the competition has become more and more popular each season.
In 2001 the NRL Grand Final started to be played on Sunday nights, a shift from the traditional Sunday afternoon slot used for over a decade prior.
2003-2005: Record popularity
The 2003 season was widely regarded as the most successful since the beginning of the National Rugby League in 1998. The Penrith Panthers rose from the bottom of the table to win the Premiership, while the Broncos returned to Suncorp Stadium mid-year. Season 2004 proved even more successful than 2003, with the North Queensland Cowboys going from 11th position in 2003 to 3rd in 2004, narrowly missing out on a maiden Grand Final berth.
Crowd average records were broken in 2003, 2004 and 2005.[15] In 2005, the NRL reached record levels of popularity for its competition. Total crowds for the competition season almost reached the figures for the last year of the competition conducted by the ARL competition of 1995, prior to the Super League war. The average attendance record remained until 2010.[16] From 2004 to 2005, there was a 39% increase in sponsorship, a 41% increase in merchandise royalties, and a 12% increase in playing participation.[17] In 2005, Business Review Weekly ranked the NRL 497 in revenue of Australian private companies, with revenue of A$66.1m (+7%) with 35 employees. In 2005, a record national audience of 4.1 million tuned in to watch the grand final between the Wests Tigers and the North Queensland Cowboys.[18]
2006: A unique year
The 2006 National Rugby League season kicked off on Friday, March 10, between defending premiers Wests Tigers and early favourites St. George Illawarra Dragons at Telstra Stadium.
Melbourne, after leading the competition for most of the season, comfortably claimed the minor premiership, with the Bulldogs, Brisbane, and Newcastle making up the top four. Manly, St George Illawarra, Canberra and Parramatta took places five to eight.
The 2006 NRL Grand Final won by the Brisbane Broncos over the Melbourne Storm, 15-8. The matchup was a significant milestone in the history of the NRL, as two interstate teams (teams not from New South Wales, the "heartland" of the NRL) contested the grand final for the first time ever.
The game itself once again enjoyed immense support, with more record TV ratings, particularly capturing Melbourne on Grand Final night[citation needed]. Crowds were down on 2005, however were better than any other year prior to that.
2007: Further expansion
In its tenth season the NRL returned to having a club based on the Gold Coast, Queensland with the inclusion of the Gold Coast Titans. The Titans were the first professional sporting team to occupy the Gold Coast since 1998, when the Gold Coast Chargers were one of the teams removed during the NRL's rationalisation process between the end of the Super League war and the 2000 season.
The 2007 NRL season kicked off on Friday 16 March 2007 with eight games each round. 2007 also saw the return of Monday Night Football and the inclusion of two Friday night games. Both of which turned out to be ratings successes. Another change from the previous seasons was a reduction in the number of byes per team in the season. With an odd number of teams contesting between 2002 and 2006, the draw meant that at least one team would have to have a bye each weekend. With the inclusion of the 16th team for the 2007 season, the National Rugby League had the option of reverting to back to the system used between 2000 and 2001 where every team played each round. That system was not used however, with teams were given just a single bye during the year, grouped in periods that will assist clubs around representative fixtures.
The opening round saw two matches at Brisbane's Suncorp Stadium, the first featuring reigning champions Brisbane against fellow Queensland side North Queensland, while the second match featured the new club, the Gold Coast playing St George Illawarra. The weather during the middle of the season was less than ideal, with cyclonic conditions severely affecting many NRL games played in Sydney and Newcastle.
The finals series was contested over a period of four weeks and saw the newly privatised South Sydney Rabbitohs return to finals football for the first time in decades. The season culminated with the NRL Grand Final on Sunday 30 September 2007 contested between a resurgent Manly and a Melbourne team looking for redemption from last year's Grand Final loss. Melbourne ran out convincing winners with a 34–8 scoreline and the Grand Final achieved the honour of being the most watched television show in Australia in 2007.[19]
2008: The Centenary
Throughout 2008, the NRL celebrated 100 years since Rugby League was introduced into Australia, with several initiatives to recognise the important milestone, including an extensive marketing campaign called the 'Centenary of Rugby League'. The competition began in March, with a special Heritage round held in mid-April, coinciding with the first round of competition played in 1908.
At a Gala event on 17 April 2008 the Team of the Century was announced, being:
- Full-back: Clive Churchill
- Wingers: Ken Irvine, Brian Bevan
- Centres: Reg Gasnier, Mal Meninga
- Five-eighth: Wally Lewis
- Half-back: Andrew Johns
- Lock: John Raper
- Second Row: Norm Provan, Ron Coote
- Props: Arthur Beetson, Duncan Hall
- Hooker: Noel Kelly
- Reserves: Graeme Langlands, Dally Messenger, Bob Fulton, Frank Burge
- Coach: Jack Gibson.
For the second year in a row, the Grand Final was played between the Melbourne Storm and the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, in the NRL's first ever twilight decider. The Sea Eagles took out the premiership game 40-0, setting the record for the highest winning margin in a Grand Final match although the club formerly known as St George Dragons were beaten 38-0 in 1975 and using today's point scale of 4 point tries, that becomes adjusted to 44-0. Furthermore, it was the first time a team had been kept scoreless in a Grand Final since 1978.
2009-: The second century begins
After the centenary celebrations of 2008, the 2009 season marks the second century of rugby league competition in Australia. The Grand Final that year was played between the Parramatta Eels and the Melbourne Storm at the ANZ Stadium; Melbourne defeated Parramatta 23 - 16 to make it two premierships out of the last four grand finals for the Storm. The Storm were stripped of these premierships on April 22, 2010 due to gross long-term salary cap breaches between 2006 and 2010.
In 2010 the Inaugral All Stars Match was held on the 13th of February, in conjunction with the Sorry Day reconciliation anniversary in order to promote Rugby League's long association and involvement with the Aboriginal community. The first match saw the Indigeneous All Stars beat the NRL All Stars 16-12. The success of this event has seen it become a permanent fixture on the Rugby League calendar with Queensland awarded the hosting rights for the next three years.[21]
The 29th State of Origin series was also played featuring the world's first live free-to-air 3D TV broadcast.[22] Queensland later made further history by winning an unprecedented fifth series in a row.[23]
In October 2010 it was announced that the NRL set a record total season average attendance of 17,367 per game and a record total season aggregate attendance of 3,490,778.[24][25]
During the 2010 finals series, the second qualifying match between the Wests Tigers and Sydney Roosters became the first McIntyre System final to go into extra time, with the One Hundred Minute Epic described in media circles as one of the greatest of the modern era.[26]
The 2010 Grand Final was played between the St George Illawarra Dragons and the Sydney Roosters. The Dragons won 32-8. This is the first premiership won by the merged entity in their eleven year existence.
Future
The NRL is currently assessing a large number of possible franchise locations around Australasia that have the backing of fans, governments and corporate interests. These include:
When the Gold Coast Titans were admitted into the 2007 season of the NRL they beat out proposals from Gosford, New South Wales (as the Central Coast Bears) and Wellington, New Zealand (as the Southern Orcas).
CEO David Gallop has stated that the NRL will not consider expansion until mid 2011 due to previous failed expansion efforts during the Super League era.[27] He has however spoken specifically about adding teams in West Brisbane,[28][29][30][31][32] Perth,[31][33][34] Adelaide,[34] the Central Coast,[29][30][31] the Sunshine Coast,[29][30][31] and Wellington, New Zealand.[31]. Interest in gaining an NRL franchise has also come from Fiji[35] and from the Toowoomba & Darling Downs Region, a rugby league heartland that has no team in the NRL or the Queensland Cup (since the demise of the Toowoomba Clydesdales).
The NRL also has a fund of $8 million for any club that decides to relocate to a 'strategically identified area'.[36]
Official franchise bids
There are currently five official bids in progress, all intent on joining the NRL when the current media deal comes up for negotiation around 2012/2013.
• In 2005 the North Sydney Bears planned on rejoining the league as the Central Coast Bears and basing themselves out of Gosford, New South Wales and will use Central Coast Stadium. The bid team plans to unite the current North Sydney and Central Coast districts under the one team.[37]
• In 2006 the Western Australia Rugby League announced that the Perth-based WA Reds were to be resurrected with an aim to re-join the NRL in 2013, playing out of nib Stadium. Currently they contest the underage S. G. Ball Cup, with an aim to having a number of WA-born juniors when the bid joins the NRL [38]
• In October 2008, a Papua New Guinea bid team was launched with government funding and support.[39] An official website was launched in September 2009 detailing the progress of the PNG bid and its aim to provide social and economic benefits for the country as a whole [40]
• In April 2009, a consortium from the Central Queensland region declared their intent to launch a bid for an NRL franchise to be based in Rockhampton in the next expansion period.[41] The bid is aiming to be a new club by 2013.[42]
• In August 2010 the Ipswich Jets formally announced the creation of a bid team for 2013 with the future club to based in the Ipswich-West Brisbane corridor in order to capitalise on the massive population boom projected for that region. The move would effectively see the promotion of the existing local Queensland Cup side to the higher NRL premiership.[43]
Structure
A Partnership Executive Committee administers the agreement between the Australian Rugby League and News Limited as well as making major financial decisions.[44] Three representatives from each party make up this committee. A National Rugby League Board, which is commissioned by the Partnership Committee and is composed of six delegates - three from each party - is responsible for administering the competition. Both bodies nominate a Chairman to lead each board for a term of 12 months on an alternating basis.[44]
The National Rugby League markets the premiership on behalf of the clubs as well as organising the draw and finals matches. When the draw is finalised, teams are responsible for controlling and organising their assigned home games. Clubs each have their own organisational structure but are also bound to the National Rugby League by a common set of rules in club agreements.[44]
Competition format and sponsorship
Regular season
As rugby league is a winter sport in Australasia, the NRL premiership season usually begins in early March following a brief series of trial matches. Games are then played every weekend until the end of September. In most rounds, two matches are played on Friday night, three on Saturday night, two on Sunday afternoon and one on Monday night.
There are currently sixteen clubs in the National Rugby League. Teams are divided into two equal pools of eight at the completion of each season, with each pool of equal strength based on that season's results. During the course of the regular season (which lasts until August) each club plays a total of two games against each team in the opposite pool, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponent's for a total of sixteen games for each club. Teams play six of those seven others in their own group just once during the season, and play the remaining club twice. This results in each team playing 24 games, with two byes in the 26-week regular season, for a total of 192 games. Special themed weeks include Heritage Round, Women in League Round and Rivalry Round. Separate trophies between rival teams are also presented throughout the season, such as the Ron Coote cup.
Teams receive two competition points for a win, and one point for a draw. The bye also receives two points; a loss, no points. Teams on the ladder are ranked by competition points, then match points differential (for and against) and points percentage are used to separate teams with equal competition points. At the end of the regular season, the club which is ranked highest on the ladder is declared minor premiers.
Finals
The eight highest placed teams at the end of the regular season compete in the finals series, which is contested using the McIntyre Final Eight System. This system has been used for every NRL season with the exception of the first, in 1998.[45] The system consists of a number of knockout and sudden-death games between the top eight teams over four weeks in August and September, until only two teams remain. These two teams then contest the Grand Final, which is usually played on the first Sunday of October. In the first week of the finals, the top four seeds play at their respective home grounds. In week two, matches are played within the home city of the two lower seeded winning teams from week one. In week three, teams play within the home regions of the two seeded winning teams from week one.
The NRL Grand Final is one of Australasia's major sporting events, typically attracting large attendances and high television ratings. The game itself is usually preceded by an opening ceremony featuring entertainment from well-known Australasian and international musical acts. The Prime Minister of Australia is also usually on hand for the trophy-presenting ceremony. In 1998 the Grand Final was held at the Sydney Football Stadium. Since then, it has been contested at Stadium Australia, which was the primary athletics venue for the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney.[46] The first year it was held at Stadium Australia, the NRL Grand Final broke the world record for attendance at a rugby league game. In June 2006, the NRL announced that the Grand Final will continue to be held at the Stadium until at least 2012, after which the possibility of the game being moved interstate will be considered if certain circumstances arise.[47]. However, it has been announced that the Government of the State of New South Wales has secured the grand final for Stadium Australia until 2022 for $A45 million.[48].
The Grand Final has traditionally been played on Sunday afternoons, but between 2001 and 2007 the Grand Final was played at night, in order to coincide with the primetime period on television. Because this meant that the game finished late at night, the NRL feared losing younger audiences. From 2008, a compromise was reached between official broadcaster Channel 9's preferred starting time of 8 pm and the traditional starting time of 3 pm, with the Grand Final beginning at 5pm AEST.[49]
The winning team of the grand final is presented with the NRL trophy, which is based on the former premiership trophy, the Winfield Cup. In addition, members of the winning team are presented with premiership rings.[50] The player judged to be the man-of-the-match by the Australian national team selectors is awarded the prestigious Clive Churchill Medal.
Sponsorship
The NRL and its clubs receive significant revenue from sponsorships, with sponsors' logos appearing on most parts of players' and referees' uniforms, the playing surface and even the ball itself. Since 2001, the National Rugby League premiership has been sponsored by Telstra and known as the 'NRL Telstra Premiership'; in earlier seasons, it was simply known as the 'National Rugby League'.[51]
The Telstra Premiership has had three competition logos since 2001. The first, lasting only through the 2001 regular season, was the Telstra logo with an elongated circle enclosing the word Premiership. From the Finals series of 2001 through to the end of 2006 the logo was based around the shape of a football, with the words Telstra Premiership on respective lines along the bottom, culminating with a small football similar to the one in the official NRL logo. The main colours were blue and orange, the corporate colours of Telstra. The company worked with the NRL to create the current logo (pictured) for the 2007 season onward as part of a new sponsorship deal. This new logo is quite similar to the original National Rugby League emblem.
Other notable sponsorships include Toyota (official car of the NRL), Powerade (match ball), AAMI (referees), Harvey Norman (video referees), Victoria Bitter (official beer of the NRL), Bundaberg Rum (Friday Night Football) and Keno (Saturday Football).[52]
Non-traditional venues
Since 1998 NRL clubs have played both trial matches and premiership season games in areas that do not have representation in the NRL.
- The Wests Tigers and Sydney Roosters have played premiership season games in Christchurch in New Zealand.
- The Penrith Panthers, Cronulla Sharks and Canterbury Bulldogs have played premiership season games in Adelaide.
- The Bulldogs have also taken games interstate to Brisbane, the Gold Coast as well as Wellington.
- In 2003 the Canberra Raiders hosted one game at Westpac Stadium in Wellington.
- From 2005-2006 The Parramatta Eels played two premiership season games in Waikato in New Zealand.
- The South Sydney Rabbitohs and Manly Sea Eagles generally play one of their two premiership fixtures at Bluetongue Stadium, Gosford. Since then, a number of other Sydney based teams have chosen to move one or two home fixtures to the Central Coast location.
- From 2008, the West Tigers plays host against South Sydney Rabbitohs at the Sydney Cricket Ground to celebrate the season's annual heritage round.
- In 2009:
- The Cronulla Sharks played a home game at Hindmarsh Stadium in Adelaide. They were contracted to play a home game at the venue up until and including the 2011 season. This only lasted for one game and their contract to play in Adelaide was ended.
- The South Sydney Rabbitohs played a home game against the Melbourne Storm at ME Bank Stadium in Perth.
- Many teams play in rural and other areas not home to a current NRL club during their pre-season campaign. Matches are played in locations such as Cairns, Darwin, Perth, Gosford, Cessnock, Mackay, the Queensland Sunshine Coast and Coffs Harbour.
Competition rules and representative season
Salary cap
In 1990, the NSWRL introduced a salary cap system to even the playing field of teams in the Winfield Cup.[53] The National Rugby League has adopted the salary cap system from its predecessor. A special team deals with salary cap issues and monitors teams on a yearly basis.[54] Each club is allowed AU$4.6875 million per season to contract 25 players, with a minimum salary of $55,000, setting an effective upper limit of about $500,000 for the game's best players.[55]
Payment Structure for the Top 25 Players 2010
+$200,000 Sponsor Servicing Allowance (automatically given to all clubs to compensate players for club sponsorship activities including appearances and endorsements).
+$100,000 Long Serving Player Allowance (players who have played eight continuous years of grade football with that club
including Toyota Cup and NSW Cup).
+$100,000 Paid to the RLPA retirement fund and towards RLPA contributions
- Payments under the actual salary cap total $4.6875 million paid directly by clubs across the top 25 players. A further $100,000 is paid into the RLPA retirement fund contribution but is not defined as a salary cap payment.
What Players can earn outside of the Salary Cap
+$150,000 Marquee Player Allowance (any or all of the top 10 players at each club can share in payments made by club sponsors seeking to use a player’s intellectual property. A cap of $50,000 per player applies).
Unlimited Players can earn unlimited amounts from corporate sponsors who are not associated with the club and who do not
use the game’s intellectual property (no club logos, jerseys or emblems) provided these are pre-approved.
Unlimited Tertiary education, approved traineeships, medical insurance costs, relocation/temporary accommodation costs are
not included in the cap but must be approved.
Payments for players outside the Top25
+$350,000 Cap for all players outside of the top 25 who compete in the Telstra Premiership.
The cap is actively policed[56] and penalties for clubs found to have breached the NRL salary cap regulations include fines of lesser of half the amount involved or $500,000 and/or deduction of premiership points. For example, six clubs were fined for minor infractions in 2003. These infractions are usually technical in nature, and can sometimes be affected by third-party factors such as loss of sponsorship revenue affecting an allowance. During the 2007 season the NRL implemented ways of creating a fair and more beneficial cap for players and clubs.
In 2010, following the Melbourne Storm salary cap scandal, the NRL introduced requirements for players and their agents to sign statutory declarations pledging their contracts comply with salary cap regulations, where previously only club chairmen and chief executives did so for biannual salary cap audits.[57]
Major breaches of the cap
In 2002, the Canterbury Bulldogs were fined the maximum of $500,000 and deducted all 37 premiership points received during the season after it was found that they had committed serious and systematic breaches of the salary cap totaling $2.13 million over the past three years, including $750,000 in 2001 and $920,000 in 2002; these were described by NRL Chief Executive David Gallop as "exceptional in both its size and its deliberate and ongoing nature". The points penalty meant that the club won the 2002 wooden spoon, and as the club had been leading the competition table prior to the imposition of the penalties, this was a shattering outcome for the club and its fans. Two senior club officials were jailed for fraud as a result of these breaches.
In 2005, the New Zealand Warriors were fined $430,000 and were ordered to start the 2006 season with a four premiership point deficit and cut their payroll by $450,000 after club officials revealed that their former management had exceeded the salary cap by $1.1 million over the last two years. The points penalty meant that the Warriors missed a finals berth in 2006.
On April 22, 2010, the Melbourne Storm were stripped of the 2007 and 2009 premierships and the 2006–2008 minor premierships, fined a record $1.689 million ($1.1 million in NRL prize money which will be equally distributed between the remaining 15 clubs, $89,000 in prize money from the World Club Challenge which will be distributed to the Leeds Rhinos, and the maximum of $500,000 for breaching the salary cap), ordered to cut their payroll by $1,012,500, deducted all eight premiership points received during the season and barred from receiving premiership points for the remainder of the season after Storm officials confessed to the NRL that the club had committed serious and systematic breaches of the salary cap between 2006 and 2010 by running a well-organized dual contract and bookkeeping system which concealed a total of $3.17 million in payments made to players outside of the salary cap from NRL officials, including $550,000 in 2007, $965,000 in 2009 and $1.03 million in 2010. The points penalty meant that the club won the 2010 wooden spoon. Legal action by the former directors of the club against the penalties collapsed, and the matter has been referred to ASIC, the Australian Tax Office, the Victorian State Revenue Office, and the Victoria Police.[58] The Storm have been allowed to keep the 2010 World Club Challenge title that they won two months earlier, and players were still eligible for Test and/or State of Origin selection.
Judiciary
The NRL judiciary is made up of former players who convene in three-man panels to rule on on-field incidents. The judiciary is currently chaired by Wollongong district court judge Paul Conlon and made up of former players, Mal Cochrane, Michael Buettner, Bradley Clyde, Sean Garlick, Don McKinnon and Bob Lindner.[59][60]
Representative season
As well as playing for their club in the National Rugby League premiership season, players are sometimes entitled to play in a number of representative competitions that are conducted by the Australian Rugby League throughout the season. These matches, along with NRL Grand Final, Super League Grand Final and World Club Challenge, are seen as the upper pinnacle of the sport. They include:
- The pre-season NRL All Stars Game
- The New South Wales City vs Country Origin match
- The State of Origin three match series - one of the fiercest sporting rivalries in the world
- The mid-year ANZAC Test International
- The Four Nations International Tournament
- The quadrennial Rugby League World Cup Competition
In order for a player to qualify for a representative team in these competitions, they must firstly be eligible to be chosen for the side, based on a process of qualification (which involves the standard of play at club level).
Media coverage
The NRL provides six of the top seven and 78 of the top 100 programs on subscription television[61]. It is the most watched sport on Australian television, with an aggregate audience of 128.5 million viewers in 2009.[62]
Coverage history
Professional club rugby league in Australia has been revolutionised by television, with a shift away from daytime games to night-time games over recent years to better suit the official television broadcasters, Channel 9 and Fox Sports. This even extended to the Grand Final, which from 2001 to 2007 was shifted from 3pm on Sunday to 7pm Sunday night to better suit broadcasters. It has been moved back to 5pm Sunday from 2008 onwards.
Free-to-air coverage for Channel 9 viewers in states other than New South Wales or Queensland is delayed until later at night to make way for other programming by Channel 9. The late showing has upset fans in those states but their call for change had remained unheard by the NRL and Channel 9.
The Fox Sports, which broadcast its first rugby league matches during the 1997 Super League season, has broadcast the remaining National Rugby League matches exclusively live since the competition's inception in 1998. In 2007, "Monday Night Football" was added to Fox Sport's rugby league coverage.
In 2003 the Grand Final was broadcast live in the United States by Fox Sports World as it had been since 2001.[63]
Current television coverage
Domestic
- Friday Night Football starts at 7:30 pm and consists of two matches shown on Channel 9 free-to-air television in New South Wales (including Albury, New South Wales-Wodonga, Victoria) and Queensland. Both games are played concurrently, with one broadcast live and the other shown on delay immediately after the first, usually at 9:30 pm. In many cases, the order in which the games are shown differs in different television markets. For instance, a match featuring a Queensland team, such as the Brisbane Broncos, would usually be shown first in Queensland markets, but might be broadcast second in New South Wales if a popular Sydney team such as the St George-Illawarra Dragons were playing in the other match. Both matches are broadcast after midnight on Saturday morning in Victoria, Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. Despite this, the total national TV ratings for the NRL during this timeslot consistently outperforms all other competing football codes.[64]
- Super Saturday includes one Toyota Cup afternoon game at 3:15 pm, followed by that game's corresponding Telstra Premiership match at 5:30 pm. This is then followed by two consecutive NRL matches beginning at 7:30 pm, one of which is shown live and one on delay immediately after the conclusion of the 7.30pm game. Providing that the viewer has Foxtel Digital or Austar Digital, they can use a tool called Viewer's Choice. Viewer's Choice gives the viewer a choice of either game played at 7:30 pm to be shown live. All four games are shown on Fox Sports.
- NRL Sunday is a 2:00 pm match broadcast live on Fox Sports.
- Sunday Football is broadcast on Channel 9. The match normally kicks off at 3:00 pm, but the broadcast is delayed until 4:00 pm, running until 6:00 pm in order to provide a strong lead-in to Channel 9's evening news. These broadcasts are aired after midnight on Monday mornings in Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania.
- Monday Night Football is televised live from 7:00 pm by Fox Sports.
- Furthermore, there are several shows dedicated to talking about NRL, such as The Footy Show (Thursdays, 9.30pm, Channel Nine in New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory and Canberra: screens after 11.30pm in all other areas of Australia), a variety show with discussions about current-round games and issues, competitions, live bands, and sketches; The Sunday Footy Show (Sundays, 11.00am, Channel Nine in NSW, QLD, NT and Canberra), a recap of Friday and Saturday's games, when most of the matches have been played; The Sunday Roast (Sundays, midday Channel Nine in NSW, QLD, NT and Canberra), a show dedicated to discussing the heavy issues, controversies, and playing tactics currently developing; and a newcomer, The Matty Johns Show (Thursdays, 7.30pm, Channel Seven in NSW, QLD, NT and Canberra except Darwin: after midnight in all other regions of Australia), a more sketch-and-regular-segment-oriented version of The Footy Show. There also exists numerous off-beat rugby shows on Fox Sports, typically on the Monday/Tuesday after the round. In print media there are two major magazines: Rugby League Week is produced by ACP Magazines and is generally released on Wednesdays between rounds; Big League is the competition's official publication, released Thursday and produced by News Magazines. Another News Magazines publication, ALPHA Magazine, regularly publishes league-related stories and interviews.
Note: Saturday and Sunday broadcast schedules can also vary, with less Saturday and more Sunday matches. This is dependent on the scheduling of matches for the New Zealand Warriors played in Auckland, New Zealand and a number of other factors including daylight saving time.
- The State of Origin series is typically shown live in every state on Channel 9.
- The NRL Grand Final is shown live in every state on Channel 9, with New South Wales and Queensland receiving up to 10 hours of continuous pre-game and post-game coverage. The game is also shown live in New Zealand, with ratings improving since the introduction of a 7pm (NZST) kick-off - plus in various other countries around the world via local broadcasters.
International
The NRL is televised internationally with the following channels being the main telecast partners overseas.
- Australia Network - Provides free-to-air coverage to overseas locales in the Asia-Pacific region and India. Covers the Grand Final live.[65]
- Sky Sport in New Zealand has coverage of all the NRL games including both LIVE games on Sunday with a delayed option available later in the night.[66]
- Setanta Sports: From 2006 until June 2009 (when Setanta went into administration and then ceased broadcasting in Great Britain), viewers in the UK, Republic of Ireland, USA and Canada would receive 2-3 LIVE and/or replayed games from each of the weekly rounds, plus all the playoffs, the Grand Final and all three State of Origin matches live. This deal included test matches involving Australia, except for those when Australia played Great Britain.[67] Setanta still broadcasts in Canada as of 2010 and provides live and delayed coverage of several NRL games a week during the summer when soccer goes on hiatus.
- Spike TV - A landmark deal was agreed in 2009 whereby NRL finals matches would be beamed into 100 million homes in the United States and Canada. It is the first time NRL games have become available on basic cable in the U.S.[68] *America One's One World Sports have announced a 3 year deal starting in 2010 to broadcast NRL games in the United States and the Caribbean. The broadcast will potentially reach an audience of 35 million households.[69]
The 2009 NRL preliminary finals and Grand Final were broadcast LIVE on TV in the UK and Ireland on the new ESPN UK channel [70][71]. BigPond and the NRL have reached an agreement to stream selected remaining games live into the UK and Ireland, over BigPond's web portal service.[72]
For the remainder of the 2010 Telstra Premiership, and for the 2011/2012 seasons, new sports channel MSK, (channel 433 on the BSkyB platform) will feature at least three Telstra Premiership games from each round of matches.
Games will be shown free of charge for the first two months from 16 April 10:30am UK Time, after which they will be available via subscription. The NRL Grand Final, State of Origin series and all International matches will be screened LIVE in the UK and Republic of Ireland on Sky Sports to all customers that subscribe to the Sky Sports channels.
Omnisport (owned and operated by Perform Media Channels Limited) performgroup.com/omnisport has also signed a similar agreement to stream matches on pay-per-view LIVE in selected territories around the world through the omnisport.tv website.[73]
- The UK secured new broadcasting rights in 2010 which will see 3 games televised each week including international and representative matches. Fans will also be able to see the NRL’s new weekly half-hour international highlights show, ‘NRL Full-time’, with Sky Sports joining Starhub (Singapore), Dahlia TV (Italy), Orbit Showtime Network (Middle East) and V Australia (in-flight) in broadcasting the program.
These new agreements have seen the NRL significantly expand its international television broadcast reach to now include North America, Africa, Italy, the Middle East, PNG and the Asia Pacific region, as well as online subscription services for international supporters. [74].
Internet
Replays of NRL matches, as well as highlights and NRL-related informational programming are available in Australia from BigPond[72]. Telstra's ISP. Outside of Australia, these programs are sold by Aussie Sport TV.
Radio coverage
The NRL has several games broadcast live on the radio.
2GB 873AM Radio has the commercial rights to one Friday game, the 5:30pm Saturday game, and a Sunday game of their choice, covering the game through the Continuous Call Team program. They also air many representative games, as well as all matches throughout the finals series, and all three matches on Grand Final day. The coverage is networked to stations across the country, typically those owned by Southern Cross Media Group, Grant Broadcasters and other station groups on the Macquarie Radio Network.
ABC Local Radio has the rights to all NRL matches in the ACT, Queensland and New South Wales except Monday night games. Exceptions to this include Monday night games of regional teams including the Newcastle Knights and Canberra Raiders, those games still air on their respective local ABC stations.
Triple M (Sydney) covers the Monday Night game[75] and is broadcast on commercial stations across the country.
Players
National Rugby League footballers are some of Australasia's most famous athletes, commanding multi-million dollar playing contracts as well as sponsorship deals. Each club in the NRL has a "top squad" of twenty-five players, who are signed under the salary cap, as described above. For the most part, the players who play in NRL matches are sourced from these top squads. Occasionally during a season, however, the need may arise for a club to use players outside these 25, and in this case players are usually sourced from the club's corresponding Toyota Cup side or feeder club (such as the relevant New South Wales Cup or Queensland Cup squad).[76][77][78][79]
The players voted to be the best in each position at the end of the season are honoured at the annual Dally M Awards, with the player of the year awarded the Dally M Medal. The man of the match in the Grand Final is awarded the Clive Churchill Medal.
Africans in the NRL
There are only a handful of Africans in the NRL. There are South Africans Jarrod Saffy who plays for the St. George Illawarra Dragons, JP Du Plessis and Brian Skosana both signed to the Sydney Roosters[80]. Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs centre Jamal Idris is of Nigerian background[81], Gold Coast Titans backrower Selasi Berdie is of Ghanaian background and is believed to be the first ever player of Ghanaian background to play in the NRL[82], North Queensland Cowboys forward Willie Mason[83], St. George Illawarra Dragons winger Peni Tagive[84] and Penrith Panthers forward Daine Laurie[85] also have African backgrounds[86][87][88]
Asians in the NRL
There are very few Asian players in the NRL, one of them currently being Gold Coast Titans winger Kevin Gordon who is of Chinese and Filipino background[89] as well as former South Sydney Rabbitohs and Sydney Roosters hooker Craig Wing who is of Filipino background[90] joined Japanese Rugby Union at the end of the 2009 season.[91]
Europeans in the NRL
There are few European-born players in the National Rugby League, despite the significant number of Australians in Europe's Super League[92]. However, those who do play in the NRL (such as, in recent times, Adrian Morley who is English of Welsh descent[93] and Brian Carney who is Irish[94]) are often stars of the game.[95]
Europeans currently playing in the NRL include England representatives Gareth Ellis and Mark Flanagan who play for the Wests Tigers[96], the Melbourne Storm's Gareth Widdop and Sam Burgess who has signed with the South Sydney Rabbitohs for 2010[97][98]. Other Europeans include former Wigan Warriors loose forward Mark Flanagan who is playing with the Wests Tigers[85] in 2010 and Scottish international Ian Henderson of the New Zealand Warriors,[99]. Ellis won Wests Tigers 'best and fairest' award in his inaugural season.[100]
There are also a huge number of players in the NRL with European backgrounds, such as Sydney Roosters fullback Anthony Minichiello[101] who is an Italian international.[102] There are also players with Italian backgrounds such as Rocky Trimarchi, Cameron Ciraldo and Anthony Laffranchi[103].
Players with Greek backgrounds include John Skandalis, Nick Kouparitsas and Iwi Hauraki[104][105], players with Maltese backgrounds include Jarrod Sammut, Shane Shackleton and Danny Galea[106]. There are also a lot of other players of European backgrounds in the NRL from such as countries as Ireland, Lebanon and Scotland[107][108].
Indigenous Australians in the NRL
The first Indigenous Australian to play in the precursor to the NRL was New South Wales Rugby League premiership player George Green, who debuted in 1909. Since that time, many high profile indigenous athletes have played in the competition, including standout rugby league test players Arthur Beetson (the first Aborigine to captain an Australian national team in any sport) and current Test match representatives Jonathan Thurston and Greg Inglis. A Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission report found that 11% of NRL players in 2006 were of Aboriginal descent,[109][110] (By way of comparison, only 2.3% of the Australian population identified themselves as Indigenous in the 2006 Australian census.)[111]. A 2009 survey of NRL players showed that 47 players, or 10.9 per cent, in its clubs' full-time squads are indigenous with a slightly higher figure for under-20s competition.[112]
On February 13, 2010 at Skilled Park on the Gold Coast, the NRL will hold an "indigenous all stars" game. It is to be a indigenous Australian verse non-indigenous Australian and New Zealander game of the top players from their respective backgrounds. The Indigenous All-Stars will be a 20 man squad voted by the public. The non-indigenous squad will consist of the Australian and New Zealand national teams captains and vice captains and one player from each of the sixteen NRL clubs.
Pacific Islanders in the NRL
There are increasing numbers of both New Zealand and Pacific Island born players being selected by clubs. In recent years, Polynesian players have made up 75 per cent of junior representative teams in New South Wales.[113] It has been suggested that by 2011-2012 50% of NRL players could be of Polynesian or Melanesian descent.[114]
Record statistics (1998+)
| Rank | Player | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hazem El Masri |
2,418 |
| 2 | Andrew Johns |
2,176 |
| 3 | Jason Taylor |
2,107 |
| 4 | Daryl Halligan |
2, 034 |
| 5= | Craig Fitzgibbon |
1,604 |
| 5= | Clinton Schifcofske |
1,604 |
| 7 | Brett Hodgson |
1,549 |
| 8 | Matt Orford |
1,500 |
| 9 | Luke Burt[115] |
1,356 |
| 10 | Mat Rogers[115] |
1,304 |
| As of 29 March 2010. | ||
The Brisbane Broncos (1998, 2000 and 2006) have the distinction of winning the most premierships (three) since the creation of the National Rugby League. The Melbourne Storm had also won three premierships until being stripped of two of these premierships in April 2010.[116][117]
The Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs hold the record for the most consecutive wins, having won 17 matches in a row between 31 March 2002 and 3 August 2002.[118] However this was the year that it was discovered that they had gone over the salary cap by $2 million. The Parramatta Eels set the records for the highest score and margin of victory in a 74–4 victory over the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks on 23 August 2003.[119] The most victories achieved within a regular season is 21 (excluding a further 3 wins in the finals series), was held by the Melbourne Storm in 2007.[120] It is unknown as of April 2010 whether Melbourne's team records from the 2006-2010 period will stand, after salary cap breaches were announced as having occurred over this time, resulting in the stripping of the Storm's major and minor premierships in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.[116][117] (Should this record be stripped of the Storm, the Parramatta Eels would hold the record with 20 wins in 2001. The Storm also won 20 wins in 2006, but this would likewise be in question.)
Since the first National Rugby League season in 1998, a total of six players have topped the scorers list in a season. However, the only player to have won the title more than once is Hazem El Masri, the overall top scorer in the National Rugby League's history, having claimed the title in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2009. Hazem El Masri was leading the top scoring table in 2005 until sidelined through injury. His tally of 342 points in 2004[121] remains the most points scored by an individual in a season. He is also the 2000s' most-served player with 249 games (out of 259)[122]; at a match in 2004 he equaled the record for most successful goals with 35 (a feat which he also nearly matched that year in international tests); he is the third most successful goal-scorer in the NRl with 891 two-pointers to his name (beaten by Jason Taylor with 941 and Andrew Johns with 917); and he is tied fifth on most tries scored with 159.
Nigel Vagana's 154 tries scored across all nine seasons of the National Rugby League[123] makes him the most prolific try scorer in the competition's history ( as Ken Irvine and Steve Menzies, the games actual highest try scorers, played before the creation of the NRL). Nathan Blacklock holds the record for the most tries in a season, with 27 scored in 2001[124] for his team, the St. George Illawarra Dragons.
Terry Campese holds the record for the most points scored in a game with 36 points in a match featuring Canberra vs Panthers Round 22 2008 (Canberra 74 defeated Penrith 12).[125] Only three players have scored five tries in a game; Francis Meli, Jamie Lyon, and Nigel Vagana.[125]
It should be noted, however, that the official records of the NRL do not differentiate between the various top level competitions. For more information on official records, see this page List of NSWRL/ARL/SL/NRL records
Match Officials
Referees
|
Video Referees
|
Sideline Officials
|
See also
History:
- Rugby League
- History of Rugby League
- New South Wales Rugby League premiership
- Super League war
- List of NRL records
- National Rugby League Teams
- List of sports attendance figures — the NRL's attendance in a worldwide context
- Dally M Medal for best and fairest
- Clive Churchill Medal
- Rugby League Live (First NRL video game to be released on PS3 and XBOX 360. It is currently scheduled for release in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and France on September 2, 2010)
- NRL Dream
Other Governing Bodies/Teams/Competitions:
- Australian Rugby League
- Australia national Rugby League team
- New Zealand Rugby League
- New Zealand Kiwis
- Rugby league in Papua New Guinea
- Pacific Islands Rugby League Federation
- New South Wales Rugby League
- New South Wales Cup
- Bundaberg Red Cup
- Country Rugby League
- Queensland Rugby League
- Queensland Cup
- Western Australia Rugby League
- Victorian Rugby League
- South Australian Rugby League
- Northern Territory Rugby League
- Tasmanian Rugby League
- Rugby League World Cup
References
- ^ "List of Attendance Figures at Domestic Professional Sports Leagues". Wikipedia.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Toby Miller, Geoffrey A. Lawrence, Jim McKay (2001). Globalization and sport: playing the world. SAGE. p. 82. ISBN 0761959696, 9780761959694.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Schwarz, David (2 September 2009). "Spike TV To Telecast National Rugby League Playoffs and Championship Game". reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12211_4995130,00.html
- ^ http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/List_of_sports_attendance_figures
- ^ http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Rugby_League_in_Australia
- ^ A Centenary of Rugby League: 1908-2008 (I.Heads & D.Middleton); Pan Publishing (Sydney) 2008
- ^ A Centenary of Rugby League 1908-2008 (I.Heads and D. Middleton); Pan Macmillian (Sydney), 2008)
- ^ Canberra Raiders RL1908.com Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ Illawarra Steelers RL1908.com Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ Club History Newtown Jets - Established 1908 Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ A Century of Premiership Competition RL1908.com Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ Rugby League Tables / Attendances 1957-2006 The World of Rugby League Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ "Sydney Football Stadium Magic Moments". sydneycricketground.com.au. Sydney Cricket & Sports Ground Trust. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Rugby League Tables / Attendances 1957-2006 / All Teams
- ^ Rugby League Tables / Attendances 1957-2010 / All Teams
- ^ Courier Mail
- ^ Magnay, Jacquelin; Walter, Brad; Shtargot, Sasha (25 September 2006). "Storm the sentimental favourite in Sydney". The Age. Melbourne.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Team of the Century Announced". National Rugby League. 17 April 2008. Retrieved 13 April2009.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "All Stars Match". National Rugby League.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "3d broadcast". National Rugby League.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Team of the Century Announced". National Rugby League.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Attendance Record". National Rugby League.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "RL Stats". Rugby League Crowds.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ url=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-league/league-match-report/neversaydie-roosters-pull-off-great-escape-20100911-1561j.html
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3] Fourth team for Queensland? The Courier-Mail
- ^ a b c Malone, Paul (19 February 2008). "No need yet for NRL to expand, says David Gallop". The Courier-Mail.
- ^ a b c NRL got it right in Qld: Gallop - Sport - BrisbaneTimes - brisbanetimes.com.au
- ^ a b c d e Ritchie, Dean (23 February 2008). "It's war: League attacks AFL". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ Badel, Peter (25 May 2008). "Eagles to set foot in Queensland". The Sunday Telegraph.
- ^ WARL | Western Australian Rugby League
- ^ a b Read, Brent (24 May 2008). "Sydney's clubs fight for life but are they really killing the game?". The Australian.
- ^ [4]
- ^ "Cash offer for clubs to relocate". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 August 2004.
- ^ http://www.centralcoastbears.com.au/
- ^ http://www.waredsrugbyleague.com.au/
- ^ [5]
- ^ "Papua New Guinea National Rugby League Bid". pngnrlbid.com.
- ^ http://www.cqnrlbid.com.au/
- ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/26/2724613.htm?site=news
- ^ http://www.qt.com.au/story/2010/08/14/ipswich-jets-in-nrl-bid-jets-plan-nrl-bid/
- ^ a b c NRL History National Rugby League Retrieved on 14 January 2006.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables - Notes". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Aussie Stadium". Australian Stadiums. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ Australian Associated Press (2 June 2006). "Sydney locks in grand final for six years". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ Australian Associated Press (8 June 2010). "NSW to retain NRL grand final". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ "NRL to host a twilight Grand Final". ABC News. 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Fellowship of the rings". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 March 2005.
- ^ "NRL Telstra Premiership". The World of Rugby League. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "NRL Sponsors". National Rugby League. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
- ^ Middleton, David (2008). League of Legends: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia (PDF). National Museum of Australia. p. 27. ISBN ISBN 9781876944643.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Budge, Dale (2006-02-22). "NRL salary cap guide". tvnz.co.nz. Television New Zealand Limited. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) [dead link] - ^ The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 September 2009 http://www.smh.com.au/news/lhqnews/top-marks-to-dragons-for-cap-socialism/2009/09/10/1252519592242.html.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Solomon, David (2007). Pillars of power: Australia's institutions. Federation Press. p. 204. ISBN 1862876452, 9781862876453.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ NZPA (2010-08-17). "Players accountable for salary cap". tvnz.co.nz. New Zealand: Television New Zealand Limited. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) [dead link] - ^ Storm salary cap rort report handed to police
- ^ Dean Ritchie and Christian Nicolussi (2010-06-04). "Johnathan Thurston let-off backfires on NRL". The Daily Telegraph. Australia: Herald and Weekly Times. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ^ Brent Read and Stuart Honeysett (2010-06-10). "The rule shift that saved Jarryd Hayne". The Australian. Australia: News Limited. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
- ^ www.astra.org.au/content/.../ASTRA-Ratings-for-Week-090517.pdf - Similar
- ^ Masters, Roy (2009-12-21). "Rugby league claims viewing win over AFL". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ Sports, Business & Entertainment Editors (2003-10-03). "National Rugby League Grand Final, Live on Fox Sports World This Sunday". Business Wire. Los Angeles: Gale Group. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2010/08/week-32-3.html.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://www.australia.com.ph/mnla/medrel1307.html
- ^ http://www.skysport.co.nz/Default.aspx?tabid=70
- ^ http://www.setanta.com/us/Our-Sports/Rugby-League/
- ^ Spike TV To Telecast National Rugby League Playoffs and Championship Game
- ^ http://www.rleague.com/db/article.php?id=35636
- ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/news/a177291/espn-to-show-national-rugby-league-final.html
- ^ http://www.nrl.com/NewsViews/LatestNews/NewsArticle/tabid/10874/newsId/56654/Default.aspx
- ^ a b http://bigpondtv.com/NRL/?ref=Net-Head-TV-NRL
- ^ http://www.omnisport.tv/page/NRLLiveOnline/0,,12637~0~2186,00.html
- ^ http://www.nrl.com/NewsViews/LatestNews/NewsArticle/tabid/10874/newsId/58282/Default.aspx
- ^ http://www.triplem.com.au/sydney/sport/nrl/monday-night-football
- ^ "NRL star Greg Inglis extends contract with Melbourne Storm". 10 September 2008.
- ^ The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 July 2009 http://www.smh.com.au/news/lhqnews/wings-yen-for-japanese-rugby-opens-the-door-for-hunt/2009/07/21/1247941917592.html.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,25854896-952,00.html.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) [dead link] - ^ http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/rugby/willie-mason-all-set-for-japan-rugby-move/story-e6frey4i-1225736022728
- ^ "Jarrod Saffy re-signs with Dragons". The Age. Melbourne. 9 May 2008.
- ^ http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/jamal-the-man-the-others-dread/story-e6frfgbo-1111119151294
- ^ http://www.goldcoast.com.au/article/2008/09/08/15996_gold-coast-titans.html
- ^ http://www.leaguehq.com.au/news/news/roosters-line-up-big-willie/2007/11/13/1194766676248.html
- ^ Phelps, James (5 July 2009). "Dragons master coach signs Tigers' Tuqiri clone". The Sunday Telegraph.
- ^ a b http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/daine-laurie-a-panther-tigers-on-signing-spree/story-e6frexnr-1225778823667
- ^ "Mason a scapegoat for league's troubles". The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 May 2004.
- ^ http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,23373174-23214,00.html
- ^ http://www.leaguehq.com.au/news/news/one-giant-leap/2008/06/28/1214472840449.html
- ^ Badel, Peter (24 May 2009). "Speedy winger Kevin Gordon a steal of Titans". The Sunday Mail (Qld).
- ^ http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/craig-wing-approached-to-play-rugby-union-for-the-philippines-at-the-commonwealth-games/story-e6frexnr-1225783572640
- ^ http://www.theroar.com.au/2009/07/21/craig-wing-to-play-rugby-in-japan/
- ^ http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/rugby-columnists/Overseas-restriction-is-the-right.2067857.jp
- ^ Hadfield, Dave (14 June 2000). "Harris appointed Wales captain for World Cup". The Independent. London. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ http://superleague.co.uk/article.php?id=14281
- ^ "Long in 'come and get me' plea to NRL". Daily Mail. London. 30 October 2006.
- ^ http://www.weststigers.com.au/default.aspx?s=player-profile-display&id=216&team=Wests+Tigers&gareth-ellis
- ^ http://www.sportinglife.com/rugbyleague/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=rleague/09/10/27/manual_155130.html
- ^ http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,26145754-5018866,00.html
- ^ http://www.nrl.com/NewsViews/LatestNews/NewsArticle/tabid/10874/newsId/54880/Henderson-re-signs-with-Warriors/Default.aspx
- ^ http://www.weststigers.com.au/default.aspx?s=article-display&id=20613&ellis-named-player-of-the-year
- ^ http://www.sydneyroosters.com.au/default.aspx?s=player-profile-display&id=983
- ^ http://www.rugbyleague.org/features/content.php?feat_id=279&featcat_id=32
- ^ http://www.catholicweekly.com.au/article.php?classID=3&subclassID=27&articleID=2167&class=Features&subclass=Sport
- ^ http://www.rleague.com/db/article.php?id=26728
- ^ http://rugbyleague.com/rugby-league-news/greeks-defeat-portugese.html
- ^ http://www.malteserugbyleague.com/fans/watching-rl-in-malta
- ^ http://www.rlwc08.com/news/news/archive/2008/07/30/white-eyes-a-green-jersey.aspx
- ^ "Henderson trio in Scots cup squad". BBC News. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ What's the Score?
- ^ . Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|format=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Australia". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
- ^ http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/sport/league/nrl-superstars-set-to-collide-on-coast-20090922-g062.html
- ^ Roy Masters (sport) (13 October 2006). "Polynesians are a cracker, but Stuart wants change for true test of endurance". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ Who's the next star as Kiwis flood NRL - New Zealand's source for sport, rugby, cricket & league news on Stuff.co.nz
- ^ a b Currently active in National Rugby League
- ^ a b "Melbourne Storm breach NRL Salary Cap". National Rugby League. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
- ^ a b McDonald, Margie (22 April 2010). "Melbourne Storm stripped of two rugby league titles over salary cap fraud". The Australian. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Streaks / All Teams". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Game Records / All Teams". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Season 2006". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Point scorers 2004". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ 2009 Big League Rugby League Annual
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Nigel Vagana". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Rugby League Tables / Try scorers 2001". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ a b "Rugby League Tables / Most In A Game". Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
External links
- National Rugby League
- Australian Rugby League
- NRL Latest News Headlines
- Complete NSWRL/ARL/SL/NRL Stats
- FOX Sports Australia Rugby League Section
- NRL on 7 Sports News
- Fairfax coverage of National Rugby League
- Regular NRL News & Information
- SportsAustralia.com League
- Massey Ratings for NRL
- [6] ESPN UK website link.
- NRL on Austadiums
| National Federation | |
|---|---|
| National teams | |
| State Federations | |
| Other Federations | |
| Events | |
| Competitions | |
| Honours | |
| Media | |
| Lists | |
| Federations | |
|---|---|
| Representative teams | |
| New Zealand Kiwis | |
| Zones | |
| Districts |
|
| Australian competition teams |
|
| Competitions |
|
| New Zealand domestic seasons | |
