Sodium permanganate

Sodium permanganate

Names
IUPAC name Sodium manganate(VII)
Other names Sodium permanganate, permanganate of sodium
Identifiers
CAS Number	10101-50-5 N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	23303 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.215
PubChem CID	23673458
RTECS number	SD6650000
UNII	IZ5356R281 N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2051504
InChI InChI=1S/Mn.Na.4O/q;+1;;;;-1 Y Key: WPWYHBSOACXYBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/Mn.Na.4O/q;+1;;;;-1/rMnO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/q-1;+1 Key: WPWYHBSOACXYBB-NJUWVQTAAZ
SMILES [Na+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	NaMnO4
Molar mass	141.9254 g/mol 159.94 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance	Red solid
Density	1.972 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
Melting point	36 °C (97 °F; 309 K) (170 °C for trihydrate)
Solubility in water	90 g/100 mL
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Oxidizer
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Sodium permanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaMnO₄. It is closely related to the more commonly encountered potassium permanganate, but it is generally less desirable, because it is more expensive to produce. It is mainly available as the monohydrate. This salt absorbs water from the atmosphere and has a low melting point. Being about 15 times more soluble than KMnO₄, sodium permanganate finds some applications where very high concentrations of MnO₄⁻ are sought.

Preparation and properties

See also: Potassium permanganate

Sodium permanganate cannot be prepared analogously to the route to KMnO₄ because the required intermediate manganate salt, Na₂MnO₄, does not form. Thus less direct routes are used including conversion from KMnO₄.

Sodium permanganate behaves similarly to potassium permanganate. It dissolves readily in water to give deep purple solutions, evaporation of which gives prismatic purple-black glistening crystals of the monohydrate NaMnO₄·H₂O. The potassium salt does not form a hydrate. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it is less useful in analytical chemistry than its potassium counterpart.

It can be prepared by the reaction of manganese dioxide with sodium hypochlorite:

2 MnO₂ + 3 NaClO + 2 NaOH → 2 NaMnO₄ + 3 NaCl + H₂O

Applications

Because of its high solubility, its aqueous solutions are used as a drilled hole debris remover and etchant in printed circuitry, with a limited utility though. It is gaining popularity in water treatment for taste, odor, and zebra mussel control. The V-2 rocket used it in combination with hydrogen peroxide to drive a steam turbopump.

As an oxidizer, sodium permanganate is used in environmental remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents using the remediation technology in situ chemical oxidation, also referred to as ISCO.