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[[Image:Praetorian GuardSoldiers basrelief med.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Praetorian Guard]]s, Roman Soldiers]] |
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'''Military''' has two broad meanings. In its first sense, it refers to soldiers who represent their country and constitution. In its second sense, it refers to [[armed forces]] as a whole. Over the years, military units have come in all shapes and sizes. They have been as small as a handful of medieval peasants banded together for battle under their feudal lord or as large as the invasion force created in 1944 for D-Day. They can be as rigidly organized as the [[impi]]s of [[Shaka|Shaka Zulu]] or virtually autonomous like the [[Knights Templar]] during the [[Crusades]]. Some states—for instance, [[Sparta]] or more recently [[Prussia]]—have even placed military prowess at the heart of government. |
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The business of soldiering is older than recorded history itself. Some of the most enduring images of the classical world portray the power and feats of antiquity's military leaders. The [[Battle of Kadesh]] in [[1274 BC]] was one of the defining points of pharoah [[Ramesses II]]'s reign and is celebrated in bas-relief on his monuments.<ref>[[:Image:Ramesseum bataille de Kadesh.jpg|Bas-relief of Ramesses II at Kadesh]]</ref> A thousand years later the first emperor of unified China, [[Qin Shi Huang]], was so determined to impress the gods with his military might that he was buried with an army of terracotta soldiers.<ref>[[:Image:Terrakotta 2006 3.jpg|Terra cotta of massed ranks of Qin Shi Huang's terra cotta soldiers]]</ref> The Romans were keen on military matters, leaving to posterity many treatises and writings as well as a large number of lavishly carved triumphal arches and columns celebrating their victories. |
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In our own era world wars and countless other major conflicts have changed the political landscape beyond recognition. Empires have come and gone; states have grown and expired. Enormous social changes have been wrought and military power continues to dominate international politics. The role of the military today is as central to society as it ever was. |
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==Etymology and some definitions == |
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The first recorded use of '''military''' in English, spelled ''militarie'', was in 1585.<ref name ="OED">Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition) Oxford: 1994</ref> It comes from the Latin ''militaris'' (from Latin ''miles'' meaning "soldier"—that is someone skilled in arms, engaged in military service or in warfare).<ref name ="COD">[http://www.askoxford.com/dictionaries/?view=uk Compact Oxford Dictionary online]</ref><ref name = "Webster">[http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam Webster Dictionary online]</ref> |
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As an adjective '''military''' originally applied only to soldiers and soldiering, but it soon broadened to apply to land forces in general and anything to do with their business.<ref name = "OED"/> The names of both the [[Royal Military Academy]] (1741) and [[United States Military Academy]] (1802) reflect this. However, about this time it started to be applied to armed forces as a whole<ref name="OED"/> and nowadays expressions like "military service", "military intelligence" and "military history" reflect this broader meaning. |
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As a noun '''the military''' usually refers generally to a country's armed forces or sometimes, more specifically, to the senior officers running them.<ref name="COD"/><ref name="Webster"/> |
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==Military science== |
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{{Main|Military science}} |
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Military science is the study of warfare in all its aspects. By focusing on aspects of warfare—for instance its technical, psychological and practical components—it aims to improve the prospect of success in combat. |
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===Organization=== |
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{{Main|Military organization}} |
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{{See also|Military reserve}} |
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[[Image:Simple guerrilla organization.svg|300px|right|thumb|Guerilla structure]] |
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Armed forces may be organized as ''standing forces''—the [[regular army]])—which describes a professional army that is engaged in no other profession than preparing for and engaging in warfare. In contrast there is the ''citizen army''. A citizen army (also known as a [[militia]] or [[reserve army]]) is only mobilized as needed. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is dramatically less expensive (in terms of wealth, manpower and opportunity cost) for the organizing [[society]] to support. The disadvantage is that such a "citizen army" is less well trained and organized. |
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A compromise between the two has a small cadre of professional [[non-commissioned officers| NCOs]] and officers who act as a skeleton for a much larger force. When war comes this skeleton is filled out with conscripts or reservists (former full-time soldiers who volunteer for a small stipend to occasionally train with the cadre to keep their military skills intact) who form the wartime unit. This balances the pros and cons of each basic organization and allows the formation of huge armies (in terms of millions of combatants) necessary in modern large scale warfare. |
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===Strategy and tactics=== |
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[[Image:Warriorsofarmenia.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Armenian foot soldiers wearing the traditional Mithraic caps.]] |
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[[Image:Suntzu2.jpg|thumb|95px|left|Presumed portrait of [[Sun Tzu]], famous Chinese general and author of ''[[The Art of War]]''.]] |
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{{Main|Military strategy|Military tactics}} |
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The line between strategy and tactics is easily blurred, deciding which is which can sometimes be a matter of personal judgment. Very broadly, ''strategy'' is deciding what to attack, ''tactics'' is deciding how to attack. In other words, strategy is the thought and tactics is the deed. The conversion of strategy into tactics is sometimes called the [[operational art]]. |
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:'''Military strategy''' concerns itself with the conduct of warfare, the movement and disposition of forces and the deception of the enemy. The term comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''[[strategos]]''. Strategy was seen as the "art of the [[general]]". Military strategy is usually long-term and takes the broad view. |
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:'''Military tactics''' concerns itself with the methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. The term is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Taktikē'' (meaning literally "take tikes"<ref name="OED"/>). Military tactics are usually shorter-term and are focused on the specific task in hand. |
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One of the oldest surviving military literary works is ''[[The Art of War]]'' by the [[List of Chinese philosophers|Chinese philosopher]] [[Sun Tzu]].<ref>[http://www.mypivots.com/articles/booktext.aspx?bookname=The%20Art%20of%20War ''The Art of War'']</ref> Written in the [[6th century BC]], the 13-chapter book has had a huge influence on Eastern and Western military planning, business tactics and beyond. |
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Both the Classical Greeks and the Romans wrote prolifically on military campaigning. Among the best-known works are [[Julius Caesar]]'s commentaries on the [[Gallic Wars]] and the [[Caesar's civil war|Roman Civil war]]—written about [[50 BC]]. Two major works on tactics come from the late Roman period: ''Taktike Theoria'' by [[Aelianus Tacticus]] and ''[[De Re Militari]]'' ("On military matters") by [[Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus|Vegetius]]. ''Taktike Theoria'' examined Greek battle methods and was most influential in the [[Byzantine]] world and during the [[Islamic Golden Age|Golden Age of Islam]]. ''De Re Militari'' formed the basis of European military tactics until the late 17th century. Perhaps its most enduring maxim is "''let he who desires peace prepare for war''." |
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In his seminal book ''[[On War]]'' the [[Prussia]]n general and leading expert on modern military strategy [[Carl von Clausewitz]] defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war."<ref>{{cite book |last=MacHenry |first=Robert |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |accessyear= |accessmonth= |edition= |series= |date= |year=1993 |month= |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages=p.305 |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }}</ref> According to Clausewitz "strategy forms the plan of the War, and to this end it links together the series of acts which are to lead to the final decision, that is to say, it makes the plans for the separate campaigns and regulates the combats to be fought in each."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1946/1946-h/1946-h.htm#2H_4_0023 |title=''On War'' by General Carl von Clausewitz |accessdate=2007-05-31 |format=htm |work=gutenberg.org }}</ref> Hence, he placed political aims above military goals, ensuring [[civilian control of the military]]. Military strategy was one of a triumvirate of "arts" or "sciences" that governed the conduct of warfare: the others being [[military tactics]], the execution of plans and manœuvering of forces in battle; and [[military logistics]], the maintenance of an army. |
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[[Image:Macedonian battle formation.gif|thumb|right|300px|Battle formation and tactics of [[Macedon]]—''Courtesy of The Department of History, United States Military Academy'' [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/] ]] |
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Military tactics can take the form of [[ambush]]es, [[encirclement]]s, bomb and bombardment attacks, [[frontal assault]]s, [[air assault]]s, [[Hit-and-run tactics|hit-and-run]] (used mainly by [[guerilla]] forces) and, in some cases, [[suicide attack]]s. Often, deception, in the form of [[military camouflage]] or misdirection using [[decoy]]s, is used to confuse the enemy. A major military tactic that came to prominence in the [[19th century|19th]] and early 20th century is [[trench warfare]]. This was mainly employed in [[World War I]] in the [[Battle of Gallipoli|Gallipoli campaign]] and the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. Trench warfare often turned to a stalemate, because in order to attack an enemy entrenchment soldiers had to run through an exposed "[[no man's land]]" under heavy fire from an entrenched enemy. |
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===Logistics=== |
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{{Main|Military logistics}} |
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Military logistics is the management and planning of the [[Military supply chain management|supply chain]]. |
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Military transport is part of logistics. It could pertain to equipment trans-shipped via a sister service, an individual detached for a technical school operated by a sister service, or the travel orders and authorization of such an individual to proceed via a sister services vehicles, as well as the loan of vehicles ([[staff car]]s, [[Armoured fighting vehicle|AFVs]], [[military truck]]s) operating from the primary base command. |
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Engineering services are also part of logistics. The maintenance of weapons in the field, the recovery of defective and derelict machinery, the repair and modification of such equipment and the life-extension programs undertaken to allow continued use of equipment subject to deterioration are all part of the provision of supplies and materials for warfare. |
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[[Munition]] services are part of logistics. These deal with the safe storage and transport of weapons and explosives to the [[theater (warfare)|theatre]], the provision of fuses, detonators and warheads at the point where operational troops will assemble the charge, projectile, bomb or shell. They may also be required to disarm and demolish weapons that are unreliable or that have been returned from the field unexpended and return them to storage temporarily. |
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===Technology and equipment=== |
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[[Image:Arrow-head Olynthus BM GR1912.4-19.4.jpg|thumb|240px|left|[[Arrow-head]]. Bronze, 4th century BCE. From [[Olynthus]], [[Chalcidice]].]] |
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{{Main|Military technology and equipment}} |
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When [[Stone Age]] man first took a sliver of flint to tip his spear, he was applying technology to improve his [[weaponry]]. Since then, the advance of mankind and the advance in weaponry has been irretrievably linked. Stone weapons gave way to [[Bronze Age|bronze]], and then bronze to [[Iron Age|iron]]. With each technological change has come an advantage: sharper weapons, harder weapons, more durable weapons. |
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The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] and [[Roman Empire|Romans]] brought technology to the front with the invention and development of [[siege engine]]s. Then came the [[Chivalry|age of chivalry]], with [[knight]]s—mounted on [[destrier]]s and encased in ever-more sophisticated [[armour]]—dominating the field. In the meantime, in China, [[gunpowder]] had been invented and was increasingly being used in military applications. It was the arrival of [[cannon]] in Europe and advanced versions of the [[long bow]] and [[cross bow]]—which all had armour-piercing capability—that put an end to the dominance of the armoured knight. After the long bow (which required great skill and strength to use), came the [[musket]], which could be used effectively by anyone after short training. In time the successors to muskets and cannon, in the form of [[rifle]]s and [[artillery]], would become core battlefield technology. |
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As the speed of technological advance accelerated in the civilian world so warfare became more [[Industrial warfare|industralised]]. The newly-invented [[machine gun]] and [[repeating rifle]] brought new fire-power to the battlefield and, in part, explains the high casualty rates of the [[American Civil War]]. The next breakthrough was the highly-mobile, recoilless, field-gun—the French ''[[Canon de 75 modèle 1897|Soixante-Quinze]]''—in the late 1800s. During [[World War I]] the need to break the deadlock of the trenches saw the rapid development of many new technologies, particularly in [[military aviation]] and [[tank]]s. |
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[[Image:USAF F-15C fires AIM-7 Sparrow.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[AIM-7]] Sparrow medium range [[air-to-air missile]] from an [[F-15 Eagle]]]] |
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[[World War II]], perhaps, marked the most frantic period of weapons development in the history of humanity. Massive numbers of new designs and concepts were fielded and all existing technologies were improved between 1939 and 1945. It was during this time that the [[atomic bomb]] was created. |
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After World War II, with the onset of the [[Cold War]], the constant technological development of new weapons was institutionalized as participants engaged in a constant race to develop weapons and counter-weapons. This constant state of weapons development continues into the modern era and remains a constant draw on the resources of many nations. |
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Ultimately, the [[MIRV]] [[ICBM]] and the [[Tsar Bomba|Tsar Bomb]] are considered the most destructive weapons invented. |
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== Military history == |
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{{Main|Military history}} |
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Military history is often considered to be the history of all [[conflict]]s, not just the history of proper militaries. It differs somewhat from the [[history of war]] with military history focusing on the people and institutions of war-making while the history of war focuses on the evolution of war itself in the face of changing [[technology]], [[governments]], and [[geography]]. |
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Military history has a number of purposes. One main purpose is to learn from past accomplishments and mistakes so as to more effectively wage war in the future. Another is to create a sense of tradition which is used to create cohesive military forces. Still another may be to learn to prevent wars more effectively. |
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==Military and society== |
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The relationship between the military and the society it serves is a complicated and ever-evolving one. Much depends on the nature of the society itself and whether it sees the military as important (as for example in time of threat or war) or a burdensome expense (as typified by defence cuts in time of peace). |
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===Doctrine, ideology and ethics === |
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[[Image:Zonificación militar 1975.png|120px|thumb|right|An example of military zones - Map of [[Argentina]]'s military zones (1975-1983)]] |
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{{Main1|Militarism}} |
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Militarist ideology is the [[doctrine|doctrinal]] view of a [[society]] as being best served (or more efficient) when it is [[government|governed]] or guided by concepts embodied in the ''culture, doctrine, system,'' or ''people'' of the military. |
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Under the justification of potential application of [[force]], militarism asserts that a [[civilian]] population is dependent upon — and thereby subservient to —the needs and goals of its military. Militarism is sometimes contrasted with the concepts of [[comprehensive national power]] and [[soft power]] and [[hard power]]. |
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Most nations have a separate [[code of law]] which regulates certain activities allowed only in war, and provides a code of law applicable only to a [[soldier]] in war (or 'in [[uniform]]' during peacetime). An early exponent was [[Hugo Grotius]], whose Rights of War and Peace'' (1625) had a major impact of the humanitarian development of warfare. His theme was echoed by [[Gustavus Adolphus]], the Swedish king-general (1594–1632). |
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Modern-day ethical constraints are much more developed. For instance, the [[Geneva Conventions]] concern themselves with the treatment of civilians and prisoners of war. International protocols restrict or ban the use of certain weapons, notably nuclear and biological warfare. International conventions define what constitutes a war crime and provides for prosecution of war crimes. Individual countries also have elaborate codes of military practice, an example being the United States' [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]]. |
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Military actions are sometimes justified by furthering a humanitarian cause. The term ''[[military humanism]]'' is used to refer to such actions. |
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===Antimilitarism=== |
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{{Main|Antimilitarism}} |
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Antimilitarism is a doctrine opposed to war between states in particular and, of course, [[militarism]]. Following [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]]'s exploration of the relationship between history and violence, antimilistarists argue that there are different types of violence, some of which can be said to be legitimate others non-legitimate. [[Anarcho-syndicalist]] [[Georges Sorel]] advocated the use of violence as a form of [[direct action]], calling it "revolutionary violence", which he opposed in ''Reflections on Violence'' (1908) to the violence inherent in [[class struggle]]. Sorel thus followed the International Workers' Association (IWA, aka the First International) theorization of [[propaganda of the deed]]. |
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War, as violence, can be distinguished into inter-states' war and [[civil war]], in which case class struggle is, according to antimilitarists theorists, a primordial component. Hence, [[Marx]]'s influence on antimilitarist doctrine will come upon as no surprise, even though it would be doubtful to make Marx accountable for the whole antimilitarist tradition. However, it would also be unwise to believe in the myth of an eternal antimilitarist spirit, present in all places and time, since modern military institution is a historic achievement, related to the formation, in the 18th and 19th centuries, of nation-states. [[Napoleon]]'s invention of [[conscription]] is a fundamental progress in the organization of state armies. Later, [[German Empire|Prussian militarism]] would be exposed by 19th century social theorists. |
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===Depictions of the military=== |
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Soldiers and armies have been at the heart of popular culture since the beginnings of recorded history. In addition to the countless images of military leaders in heroic poses from [[antiquity]], they have been an enduring source of inspiration in literature. Not all of this has been entirely complementary and the military have been lampooned or ridiculed as often as they have been idolised. The classical Greek writer, [[Aristophanes]], devoted an entire comedy, the [[Lysistrata]], to a strike organised by military wives where they withhold sex from their husbands to keep them from going to war. |
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In Medieval Europe, tales of [[knight]]hood and [[chivalry]] - the officer class of the period - captured the popular imagination. Writers and poets like [[Taliesin]], [[Chrétien de Troyes]] and [[Thomas Mallory]] wrote tales of derring-do featuring [[Arthur]], [[Guinevere]], [[Lancelot]] and [[Galahad]]. (Even today, books and films about the [[Arthurian legend]] and the [[Holy Grail]] continuing to appear.} A century or so later, in the hands of writers such as [[Jean Froissart]], [[Miguel Cervantes]] and [[William Shakespeare]], the fictional knight [[Tirant lo Blanch]] and the real-life [[condottieri]] [[John Hawkwood]] would be juxtaposed against the fantastist [[Don Quixote]] and the carousing [[Sir John Falstaff]]. In just one play, [[Henry V (play)|Henry V]], Shakespeare provides a whole range of military characters, from cool-headed and clear-sighted generals, to captains, and common soldiery. |
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<center><gallery widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="6"> |
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Image:Statue-Augustus.jpg|Emperor [[Augustus of Prima Porta|Augustus Caesar]] in a martial pose (1st century) |
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Image:La Fuite de Pompée.jpg|''The Flight of Pompey after Pharsalus'', by [[Jean Fouquet]] |
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Image:Richard II meets rebels.jpg|Medieval view: Richard II of England meets rebels |
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Image:Firenze.Duomo.Hawkwood.JPG|Sir [[John Hawkwood]] (fresco in the [[Florence Cathedral|Duomo]], Florence) |
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Image:Eduard von Grützner Falstaff mit Handschuhen.jpg|Shakespeare's Sir [[John Falstaff]] by [[Eduard von Grützner]] |
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Image:Prince Rupert - 1st English Civil War.jpg|"The Cruel Practices of [[Prince Rupert]]" (1643) |
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</gallery></center> |
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The rapid growth of [[movable type]] in the late 16th and early 17th centuries saw an upsurge in private publication. Political [[pamphlets]] became popular, often lampooning military leaders for political purposes. A pamphlet directed against [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine]] is a typical example. During the 19th century, irreverence was at its height and for every elegant military gentleman painted by the master-portraitists of the European courts (for example, [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]], [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] and [[Joshua Reynolds|Reynolds]]), there are the sometimes affectionate and sometimes savage caricatures of [[Thomas Rowlandson|Rowland]] and [[William Hogarth|Hogarth]]. |
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This continues in the following century, with publications like [[Punch]] in the British Empire and [[Le Père Duchesne (19th c.)|Le Père Duchesne]] in France, poking fun at the military establishment. This extended to media other print too. An enduring example is the [[Major-General's Song]] from the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] light opera, [[Pirates of Penzance]], where a senior army officer is satirised for his enormous fund of irrelevant knowledge. |
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<center><gallery widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="6"> |
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Image:Sir Joshua Reynolds 008.jpg|Colonel John Hayes St. Leger (detail) by Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]] |
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Image:Thomas Rowlandson (12).jpg|[[Thomas Rowlandson|Rowlandson]] often satirised the military |
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Image:Pirates of Penzance (A.S. Seer, 1880).jpg|"A modern major general" (''[[Pirates of Penzance]]'') |
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Image:Wh russell cartoon.png| ''[[Punch]]'': [[war reporter]], [[William Howard Russell|W H Russell]], [[Crimean War]] |
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Image:Red Army recruitment poster.png|[[Red Army]] recruiting poster (1920) |
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Image:Hell'sAngelsPoster.gif|[[Hell's Angels (film)|Hell's Angels]] movie poster (1929) |
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</gallery></center> |
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The increasing importance of [[History of film|cinema]] in the early 20th century provided a new platform for depictions of military subjects. During the First World War, although heavily censored, [[newsreel]]s enabled those at home to see for themselves a heavily-sanitized version of life in the [[front line]]. About the same time, both [[war film|pro-war]] and [[anti-war film]]s came to the [[silver screen]]. One of the first films on [[military aviation]], [[Hell's Angels (film)|Hell's Angels]] broke all box office records on its release in 1929. Soon, [[List of war films|war films]] of all types were showing throughout the world. |
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The First World War was also responsible for a new kind of military depiction, through poetry. Hitherto, poetry had been used mostly to glorify or sanctify war. [[The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)|The Charge of the Light Brigade]] by [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]], with its galloping hoofbeat rhythm, is a prime late Victorian example of this, though [[Rudyard Kipling]] had written a scathing reply, [[The Last of the Light Brigade]], criticising the poverty in which many Light Brigade veterans found themselves in old age. Instead, the new wave of poetry, from the [[war poet]]s, was written from the point of view of the disenchanted trench soldier. Leading war poets include: [[Siegfried Sassoon]], [[Wilfred Owen]], [[John McCrae]], [[Rupert Brooke]], [[Isaac Rosenberg]] and [[David Jones]]. A similar movement occurred in literature, producing a slew of novels on both sides of the Atlantic including notably ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' and ''[[Johnny Got His Gun]]''. A much-later satirical take on World War I is provided by the film, ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''. |
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The [[propaganda]] war that accompanied World War II invariably depicted the enemy in unflattering terms. Both the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Nazi Germany]] excelled in producing heroic images, placing their soldiers in a semi-mythical context. Examples of this exist not only in posters but also in the films of [[Leni Riefenstahl]] and [[Sergei Eisenstein]]. Alongside this, World War II also inspired films as varied as ''[[Bridge on the River Kwai]]'', ''[[The Longest Day (film)|The Longest Day]]'', ''[[Catch-22]]'', ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'', and ''[[The Sea Shall Not Have Them]]''. The next major event, the [[Korean War]] inspired a long-running television series ''[[M*A*S*H]]''. With the [[Vietnam War]], the tide of balance turned and its films - notably ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'', ''[[Good Morning Vietnam]]'', ''[[Go Tell the Spartans]]'' and ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (film)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'' - have tended contain critical messages. |
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There's even a nursery rhyme about war, the [[Grand Old Duke of York]], ridiculing a general for his inability to command any further than marching his men up and down a hill. The huge number of songs focusing on war include [[And The Band Played Waltzing Matilda]] and [[Universal Soldier]]. |
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<center><gallery widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="6"> |
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Image:Nazi_poster_Nederlanders.jpg|An idealised image invites Dutchmen to join the SS |
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Image:AntiJapanesePropagandaTakeDayOff.gif|Caricature Japanese soldier in a US propaganda poster |
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Image:Liberators-Kultur-Terror-Anti-Americanism-1944-Nazi-Propaganda-Poster.jpg|Nazi Poster depicting American "liberators" as monster |
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Image:Korea (179).jpg|North Korean soldier from the 1950s |
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Image:Catch22 cover.jpg|Joseph Heller's anti-war novel, ''[[Catch-22]]'' |
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Image:Oh what a lovely war.jpg|1960s poster for the film ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' |
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</gallery></center> |
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===Militaria=== |
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{{Main|Militaria}} |
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Militaria are another way of depicting the military. Militaria are [[antique]] [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifact]]s or [[replica]]s of military history people, firearms, swords, badges, etc collected for their historical significance. Today, the collecting of militaria items such as [[toy soldier]]s, [[tin soldier]]s, [[military model]]s is an established hobby among many groups of people. |
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== Other uses of "Military" == |
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[[Image:C-1Transport aircraft02.jpg|right|thumb|400px|[[Kawasaki C-1]] military transport of the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]].]] |
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*'''Military procurement''' refers to common regulations and requirements for a ship or a detached unit to requisition and draw on a base's facilities (housing, pay, and rations for detached personnel), supplies (most commonly food stocks or materials, and vehicles) by the service running a primary base; e.g. Army units detached to or staging through an [[air base]], a [[ship|vessel]] calling at a port near an army or air base, an army unit drawing supplies from a naval base. |
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*Military strength is a term that describes a [[quantification]] or reference to a nation's standing military forces or the capacity for fulfillment of that military's role. For example, the military strength of a given country could be interpreted as the number of individuals in its [[armed forces]], the destructive potential of its [[arsenal]], or both. |
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**For example, while [[People's Liberation Army|China]] and [[Military of India|India]] maintain the largest armed forces in the world, the [[U.S. Military]] is considered to be the world's strongest, although the certainty of such a claim cannot be ascertained without a detailed analysis of opposing military forces in relation to one another as well as taking into account the field(s) of battle and [[military tactics|tactics]] used in such a conflict. |
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*'''Military [[force]]''' is a term that might refer to a particular unit, a [[regiment]] or [[gunboat]] deployed in a particular locale, or as an aggregate of such forces (Example: "In the [[Gulf War]] the [[United States Central Command]] controlled ''military forces'' (units) of each of the five military services of the United States.") |
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* A [[military brat]] is a colloquial term for a child with at least one parent who served full-time in the armed forces. Children of armed forces members may move around to different military bases or international postings, which gives them an unusual childhood. Unlike common usage of the term ''brat'', when it is used in this context, it is not necessarily a derogatory term. |
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==See also== |
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{{portalpar|War}} |
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*[[Military tradition]] |
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==References and notes== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{wiktionary}} |
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[[Category:Military| ]] |
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[[ar:عسكرية]] |
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[[bn:মিলিটারি]] |
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[[ca:Militar]] |
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[[cs:Vojenství]] |
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[[da:Militær]] |
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[[de:Militär]] |
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[[es:Militar]] |
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[[eo:Militisto]] |
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[[eu:Gudari]] |
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[[fa:ارتش]] |
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[[fr:Militaire]] |
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[[ko:군사]] |
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[[id:Militer]] |
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[[is:Her]] |
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[[it:Militare]] |
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[[la:Res militaris]] |
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[[nl:Militair]] |
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[[ja:軍事]] |
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[[ps:پوځ]] |
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[[pl:Militaria]] |
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[[pt:Militar]] |
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[[ru:Вооружённые силы]] |
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[[simple:Military]] |
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[[sl:Vojaštvo]] |
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[[sr:Војска]] |
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[[sv:Militär]] |
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[[uk:Збройні сили]] |
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[[yi:מיליטער]] |
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[[zh:軍事]] |
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