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Milan–San Remo

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Milan–San Remo
Race details
DateMid-March
RegionNorthwest Italy
English nameMilan–San Remo
Local name(s)Milano–Sanremo (in Italian)
Nickname(s)La Classicissima di primavera (in Italian)
DisciplineRoad
CompetitionUCI World Tour
TypeOne-day cycling race
OrganiserRCS Sport
Race directorMauro Vegni
Web sitewww.milanosanremo.it Edit this at Wikidata
History
First edition1907 (1907)
Editions115 (as of 2024)
First winner Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
Most wins Eddy Merckx (BEL) (7 wins)
Most recent Jasper Philipsen (BEL)

Milan–San Remo (in Italian Milano-Sanremo), also called "The Spring classic" or "La Classicissima", is an annual road cycling race between Milan and Sanremo, in Northwest Italy. With a distance of 298 km (~185.2 miles) it is the longest professional one-day race in modern cycling. It is the first major classic race of the season, usually held on the third Saturday of March. The first edition was held in 1907.[1]

It is traditionally the first of the five Monuments of the season, considered to be one of the most prestigious one-day events in cycling. It was the opening race of the UCI Road World Cup series until the series was replaced by the UCI ProTour in 2005 and the World Tour in 2011.

The most successful rider with seven victories is Belgian Eddy Merckx.[2] Italian Costante Girardengo achieved 11 podium finishes in the interwar period, winning the race six times. In modern times, German Erik Zabel and Spaniard Óscar Freire have recorded four and three wins respectively.

Milan–San Remo is considered a sprinters classic because of its mainly flat course (although the Poggio climb close to the finish has often been an opportunity for puncheurs and rouleurs),[3] whereas the other Italian Monument race, the Giro di Lombardia, held in autumn, is considered a climbers classic.[4]

From 1999 to 2005, a women's race, the Primavera Rosa, was organized alongside the men's but at a shorter distance.[5] From 2025, a women's race will be held as part of the UCI Women's World Tour.[6]

History

[edit]

The pioneering days

[edit]

The idea of a bike race between Milan and Sanremo originated from the Unione Sportiva Sanremese.[1] A first amateur race was held on 2 and 3 April 1906 over two stages (Milan–Acqui Terme and Acqui Terme–Sanremo);[7] albeit with little success. Milanese journalist Tullo Morgagni, who had launched the Tour of Lombardy in 1905, put forth the idea of organizing a professional cycling race in a single day over the course. He proposed the project to Eugenio Costamagna, the director of the popular sports newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport, who took on the organization.[1]

Footage from the 1914 Milan–San Remo. Top: riders crossing a closed railway passage. Bottom: lead group reaches the Ligurian Sea in Voltri.

On 14 April 1907 the first official edition of Milan–San Remo was held. The start was at the Conca Fallata inn of Milan at 5 a.m. Sixty riders registered, but only 33 took the start. The inaugural contest was especially hard as it was affected by exceptionally cold weather. It was won by Frenchman Lucien Petit-Breton, who completed the 286 kilometers (177 miles) in an average speed of 26.206 km/h (16.5 mph).[1] Only 14 riders finished.

The race was a commercial success and attracted some of the best riders of European cycling, prompting the Gazzetta dello Sport to organize a second edition in 1908, won by Belgium's Cyrille Van Hauwaert. The first Italian winner of Milan–San Remo was Luigi Ganna who won in 1909 by an hour over Frenchman Emile Georget.

In 1910 the Primavera gained eternal fame and a place in cycling legend because of the extreme weather conditions.[1] Riders needed to take refuge in the houses along the roads because a severe snowstorm scourged the peloton.[8] Just four out of 63 riders finished the race. Frenchman Eugène Christophe won, even though he thought he had taken a wrong road and did not realize he was the first to reach Sanremo. Christophe finished the race in 12 hours and 24 minutes, making it the slowest edition ever. Giovanni Cocchi finished second at 1h 17 minutes from the winner.[9]

La Classicissima

[edit]
Costante Girardengo being honored for his win in the 1923 Milan–San Remo.

After the pioneering days of the race, began the era of Costante Girardengo, who connected his name indelibly to the classic. From 1917 to 1928 Girardengo had a record 11 podium finishes, six times as winner. Subsequent years were marked by the rivalry between Learco Guerra and Alfredo Binda, whose emulation caused them to lose several certain victories. A similar rivalry was the one in the 1940s with the mythical years of Fausto Coppi and Gino Bartali, whose duels were the subject of intense coverage and resulted in epic races.

Milan–San Remo was at the peak of its popularity and the Italian press started to coin the untranslatable term La Classicissima, the greatest of all classics.[3] From 1935 to 1953 the race was run every year on 19 March, the feast of patron Saint Joseph, hence the press in predominantly Catholic Italy gave it its other nickname, la Gara di San Giuseppe (Saint Joseph's Race). In 1949 the race finished for the first time on the iconic Via Roma, a busy shopping street in the heart of Sanremo.

As from the 1950s the race was mainly won by Belgian and Spanish sprinters, and after 1953, Italian riders could not seal a victory for 17 years.[7] In 1960 race director Vincenzo Torriani added the climb of the Poggio, just before the arrival in Sanremo.[1] The intent was to make the race finale harder, but the decision did not have the aspired effect and the streak of non-Italian victories continued.

In 1966 began the legendary era of Eddy Merckx, who achieved an unsurpassed record of seven victories.[2] Seven wins is also the record number of victories by a rider in a single classic to date. After the Cannibal's streak no rider could dominate Milan–San Remo again until 1997,[10] when German Erik Zabel began a series of four victories and two second places.[2][11]

The Sprinters Classic

[edit]
Italian Sprinter Alessandro Petacchi winning the 2005 Milan–San Remo in a group sprint on the Via Roma.

In 1990 Italian Gianni Bugno set a race record of 6h 25 m 06 seconds to win by 4 seconds over Rolf Gölz, averaging 45.8 kmh (28.45 mph). Another memorable running was the one in 1992, when Seán Kelly caught Moreno Argentin in the descent of the Poggio and beat the Italian in a two-man sprint.[2] It was Kelly's penultimate career win. In between Erik Zabel's wins, Andrei Tchmil won the 1999 contest, after he launched a decisive attack under the one-kilometer banner and narrowly stayed ahead of the sprinting peloton, with Zabel coming in second place.[12]

In 2004 Zabel could have won a fifth time, but lost to Óscar Freire only because he lifted his arms to celebrate and stopped pedalling too early.[2][13] Freire would go on to secure a total of three Primavera wins in later years.[14] In 2008 the finish was moved to a different location for the first time in 59 years, due to road works on the Via Roma. Swiss Fabian Cancellara was the first winner on the Lungomare Italo Calvino, after an ultimate solo attack in the streets of San Remo.[15]

In 2009 the 100th edition of Milan–San Remo was held, won by British sprinter Mark Cavendish on his first attempt.[16] Cavendish beat Australian Heinrich Haussler in a millimeter sprint.[17]

Michał Kwiatkowski won the 2017 contest in a three-man sprint with Peter Sagan and Julian Alaphilippe.

The race of 2013 was affected by abysmal weather conditions from start to finish. Heavy snowfall and below-zero temperatures forced organizers to shorten the race by 52 kilometres (32 miles) eliminating two key climbs – the Passo del Turchino and Le Manie – and arranging a bus transfer for the race to begin a second time.[18] The race was won by German Gerald Ciolek who outsprinted Peter Sagan and Fabian Cancellara.[19]

In 2015 race director Mauro Vegni decided to move the finish back to the Via Roma after seven years on the seaside, stating the change would be for 2015 and beyond.[20] German John Degenkolb won the race ahead of previous winner Alexander Kristoff.[21] The 2016 race was won by French sprinter Arnaud Démare in a bunch sprint, but Démare was accused after the race of having used the tow of his teamcar to rejoin the pack on the Cipressa climb.[22] Démare rebuffed these allegations, stating that the race commissioners were right behind him and would have disqualified him had he done something illegal.[23][N 1]

In 2017 Michał Kwiatkowski became the first Polish winner of a monument in a three-up sprint finish with world champion Peter Sagan and Julian Alaphilippe after the trio broke clear on the race's final climb – the Poggio di San Remo.[25]

The 2020 edition was forced to move to August due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, making it the first ever summer edition of the Spring classic. The edition was won by Belgian Wout van Aert.[26]

In May 2022 RCS Sport announced a plan to organize a women’s edition in 2023.[27] But in 2023 it was still only a plan, and it was not yet added to the female World Tour calendar. In the male edition the start city was not Milano, but Abbiategrasso.[28]

Route

[edit]

Present course

[edit]
Route of the 2011 edition

Upon its inception, Milan–San Remo was conceived as a straightforward line from Milan, the industrial heart of Northern Italy, to San Remo, the fashionable seaside resort on the Italian Riviera with its trademark Belle Epoque villas. The race starts on the Piazza del Duomo in the heart of Milan and immediately heads to the southwest, over the plains of Lombardy and Piedmont, along the cities of Pavia, Voghera, Tortona, Novi Ligure and Ovada. As the race enters Liguria, the peloton addresses the Passo del Turchino, the first climb of the day, after 140 km.[29][30]

After the descent of the Turchino the race reaches the Ligurian Sea in Voltri at halfway point. From here the course follows the Aurelia highway to the west,[29] with its spectacular and typical scenery along the Ligurian Coast. The race crosses the towns of Arenzano, Varazze, Savona, Finale Ligure, Pietra Ligure, Loano, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale and Albenga, followed by the seaside resorts along the Riviera dei Fiori (Alassio, Andora, Diano Marina and Imperia). Between Alassio and Imperia, three short hills along the coast are included: the Capo Mele, Capo Cervo and Capo Berta.[31] In San Lorenzo al Mare the course turns inwards to the Cipressa, the next climb, with its top at 22 km from the finish. After the towns of Santo Stefano al Mare and Arma di Taggia comes the last and most famous climb, the Poggio di Sanremo, in fact a suburb of Sanremo, built upon a hill along the sea.

From the top of the Poggio, 5.4 km from the finish, the course heads down via a fast and curvy descent towards the center of Sanremo, where the race traditionally finishes on the Via Roma, the city's illustrious shopping street.[29][31]

Race characteristics

[edit]

Being the longest professional one-day race, Milan–San Remo is an unusual test of endurance early in the season.[29][32] It is often won not by the fastest sprinter, but by the strongest and best prepared rider with a strong sprint finish. The Cipressa and Poggio have foiled many sprinters who could not stay with the front group.

Topography chart of Milan-San Remo Classic race
Profile of the 2015 edition

In the early years the only significant difficulty was the Passo del Turchino, which was often a pivotal site of the race – but when cycling became more professional, the climb was not demanding enough and too far from the finish to be decisive. In 1960 the Poggio, a 4 km climb just a few kilometres before the finish, was introduced. In 1982 the Cipressa, near Imperia, was added.[1] The other hills are the Capo Mele, Capo Cervo and Capo Berta. From 2008 to 2014 the organizers added the climb of Le Manie as well, between the Turchino and the Capi.[7] The Turchino and Le Manie are longer climbs, meant to cause a first selection in the peloton, while the Capi, Cipressa and Poggio are rather short, inviting attackers to distance the peloton.

In recent years there has rarely been a big selection in the latter stages of the race. Many sprinters are able to keep up with the main peloton on the climbs, and therefore the race most often ends in a group sprint. Nonetheless, the location of the Poggio close to the finish has often meant that riders' position on top of the Poggio is crucial in order to win the race.[33]

Despite its flat course and long finishing straight, sprinters' teams have been foiled from time to time by a determined attack on the last hills. Good examples include Laurent Jalabert and Maurizio Fondriest escaping in 1995 and staying ahead to the finish.[34] In 2003, Paolo Bettini attacked with Luca Paolini and Mirko Celestino to stay ahead. In 2012, Vincenzo Nibali and Fabian Cancellara attacked on the Poggio, followed by Australian Simon Gerrans, who outsprinted them at the finish.[35] In 2018, Nibali attacked on the final bends of the Poggio, resisting the return of the group to win by a small margin.

Proposed changes

[edit]

Milan–San Remo has had few significant course changes since its first edition, and organizers have made it a matter of honour to stay true to the original intent.[7]

View on Pompeiana, a proposed new site for Milan–San Remo

The last change to the course was the inclusion of Le Manie, in 2008. In September 2013, organiser RCS Sport announced the race would include the Pompeiana climb between the Cipressa and Poggio.[36] To keep the race at a reasonable distance, it would exclude Le Manie. The Pompeiana, named after the village the road passes, climbs five kilometres with a 13% maximum gradient, and would therefore be the most difficult climb in the race finale.[7]

The proposed route was reversed just weeks before the race in March 2014, when the Pompeiana had been damaged by recent landslides, making it too dangerous for a cycling race to pass.[37] Hence the race was re-routed and made more traditional and sprinter-friendly. This led to a number of sprinters, who had earlier ruled themselves out due to the addition of the extra climb, including Mark Cavendish, declaring their interest in riding again.[38]

In 2015, the climb of Le Manie was cut from the race, and neither was the Pompeiana included in the trajectory. With this pre-2008 route, race organizers stated they want to respect the race's traditional course.[39]


In 2024, the race underwent notable route changes, notably featuring a new start destination in Pavia, located just outside of Milan.[40]

2020 edition

[edit]

The 2020 edition, already extraordinary in being held in the midst of summer, followed an utterly new route. This was due to the extraordinary conditions determined first by the pandemics, and then by the sudden refusal, just a few weeks before the race, by the mayors of several seaside town to let the race pass through the coastal highway, or "Via Aurelia", heavily engaged by tourist traffic in August whereas it is much less suffocated by it in March, the usual racing time. The race ended up being 306 km long, with a heavy detour through the Langhe hills and the Tanaro river valley before reaching the western Ligurian coast through the Col di Nava pass and the Colle San Bartolomeo tunnel, only reaching the usual route at Imperia.[41]

Winners

[edit]
Year Country Rider Team
1907  France Lucien Petit-Breton Bianchi
1908  Belgium Cyrille van Hauwaert Alcyon–Dunlop
1909  Italy Luigi Ganna Atala–Dunlop
1910  France Eugène Christophe Alcyon–Dunlop
1911  France Gustave Garrigou Alcyon–Dunlop
1912  France Henri Pélissier Alcyon–Dunlop
1913  Belgium Odile Defraye Alcyon–Soly
1914  Italy Ugo Agostoni Bianchi–Dei
1915  Italy Ezio Corlaita Dei
1916 No race due to World War I
1917  Italy Gaetano Belloni Bianchi
1918  Italy Costante Girardengo Bianchi
1919  Italy Angelo Gremo Stucchi–Dunlop
1920  Italy Gaetano Belloni Bianchi
1921  Italy Costante Girardengo Stucchi–Pirelli
1922  Italy Giovanni Brunero Legnano–Pirelli
1923  Italy Costante Girardengo Maino
1924  Italy Pietro Linari Legnano–Pirelli
1925  Italy Costante Girardengo Wolsit–Pirelli
1926  Italy Costante Girardengo Wolsit–Pirelli
1927  Italy Pietro Chesi Ives-Pirelli
1928  Italy Costante Girardengo Maino–Dunlop
1929  Italy Alfredo Binda Legnano–Torpedo
1930  Italy Michele Mara Bianchi
1931  Italy Alfredo Binda Legnano–Hutchinson
1932  Italy Alfredo Bovet Bianchi
1933  Italy Learco Guerra Maino–Clément
1934  Belgium Jef Demuysere Genial Lucifer–Hutchinson
1935  Italy Giuseppe Olmo Bianchi
1936  Italy Angelo Varetto Gloria
1937  Italy Cesare Del Cancia Ganna
1938  Italy Giuseppe Olmo Bianchi
1939  Italy Gino Bartali Legnano
1940  Italy Gino Bartali Legnano
1941  Italy Pierino Favalli Legnano
1942  Italy Adolfo Leoni Bianchi
1943  Italy Cino Cinelli Bianchi
1944 No race due to World War II
1945 No race due to World War II
1946  Italy Fausto Coppi Bianchi
1947  Italy Gino Bartali Legnano–Pirelli
1948  Italy Fausto Coppi Bianchi
1949  Italy Fausto Coppi Bianchi–Ursus
1950  Italy Gino Bartali Bartali–Gardiol
1951  France Louison Bobet Stella
1952  Italy Loretto Petrucci Bianchi–Pirelli
1953  Italy Loretto Petrucci Bianchi–Pirelli
1954  Belgium Rik Van Steenbergen Mercier–BP–Hutchinson
1955  Belgium Germain Derijcke Alcyon–Dunlop
1956  Belgium Fred De Bruyne Mercier–BP–Hutchinson
1957  Spain Miguel Poblet Ignis–Doniselli
1958  Belgium Rik Van Looy Faema–Guerra
1959  Spain Miguel Poblet Ignis–Frejus
1960  France René Privat Mercier–BP–Hutchinson
1961  France Raymond Poulidor Mercier–BP–Hutchinson
1962  Belgium Emile Daems Philco
1963  France Joseph Groussard Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune
1964  Great Britain Tom Simpson Peugeot–BP–Englebert
1965  Netherlands Arie den Hartog Ford France–Gitane
1966  Belgium Eddy Merckx Peugeot–Dunlop
1967  Belgium Eddy Merckx Peugeot–BP–Michelin
1968  West Germany Rudi Altig Salvarani
1969  Belgium Eddy Merckx Faema
1970  Italy Michele Dancelli Molteni
1971  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni
1972  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni
1973  Belgium Roger De Vlaeminck Brooklyn
1974  Italy Felice Gimondi Bianchi–Campagnolo
1975  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni–RYC
1976  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni–Campagnolo
1977  Netherlands Jan Raas Frisol–Thirion–Gazelle
1978  Belgium Roger De Vlaeminck Sanson–Campagnolo
1979  Belgium Roger De Vlaeminck Gis Gelati
1980  Italy Pierino Gavazzi Magniflex–Olmo
1981  Belgium Alfons De Wolf Vermeer Thijs
1982  France Marc Gomez Wolber–Spidel
1983  Italy Giuseppe Saronni Del Tongo–Colnago
1984  Italy Francesco Moser Gis Gelati–Tuc Lu
1985  Netherlands Hennie Kuiper Verandalux–Dries
1986  Ireland Sean Kelly Kas
1987   Switzerland Erich Maechler Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
1988  France Laurent Fignon Système U–Gitane
1989  France Laurent Fignon Super U–Raleigh–Fiat
1990  Italy Gianni Bugno Chateau d'Ax–Salotti
1991  Italy Claudio Chiappucci Carrera Jeans–Tassoni
1992  Ireland Sean Kelly Lotus–Festina
1993  Italy Maurizio Fondriest Lampre–Polti
1994  Italy Giorgio Furlan Gewiss–Ballan
1995  France Laurent Jalabert ONCE
1996  Italy Gabriele Colombo Gewiss Playbus
1997  Germany Erik Zabel Team Telekom
1998  Germany Erik Zabel Team Telekom
1999  Belgium Andrei Tchmil Lotto–Mobistar
2000  Germany Erik Zabel Team Telekom
2001  Germany Erik Zabel Team Telekom
2002  Italy Mario Cipollini Acqua & Sapone–Cantina Tollo
2003  Italy Paolo Bettini Quick-Step–Davitamon
2004  Spain Óscar Freire Rabobank
2005  Italy Alessandro Petacchi Fassa Bortolo
2006  Italy Filippo Pozzato Quick-Step–Innergetic
2007  Spain Óscar Freire Rabobank
2008   Switzerland Fabian Cancellara Team CSC
2009  Great Britain Mark Cavendish Team Columbia–High Road
2010  Spain Óscar Freire Rabobank
2011  Australia Matthew Goss HTC–Highroad
2012  Australia Simon Gerrans GreenEDGE
2013  Germany Gerald Ciolek MTN–Qhubeka
2014  Norway Alexander Kristoff Team Katusha
2015  Germany John Degenkolb Team Giant–Alpecin
2016  France Arnaud Démare FDJ
2017  Poland Michał Kwiatkowski Team Sky
2018  Italy Vincenzo Nibali Bahrain–Merida
2019  France Julian Alaphilippe Deceuninck–Quick-Step
2020  Belgium Wout Van Aert Team Jumbo–Visma
2021  Belgium Jasper Stuyven Trek–Segafredo
2022  Slovenia Matej Mohorič Team Bahrain Victorious
2023  Netherlands Mathieu van der Poel Alpecin–Deceuninck
2024  Belgium Jasper Philipsen Alpecin–Deceuninck

Most wins

[edit]

Riders in italics are still active

Wins Rider Editions
7  Eddy Merckx (BEL) 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976
6  Costante Girardengo (ITA) 1918, 1921, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1928
4  Gino Bartali (ITA) 1939, 1940, 1947, 1950
 Erik Zabel (GER) 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001
3  Fausto Coppi (ITA) 1946, 1948, 1949
 Roger De Vlaeminck (BEL) 1973, 1978, 1979
 Óscar Freire (ESP) 2004, 2007, 2010
2  Gaetano Belloni (ITA) 1917, 1920
 Alfredo Binda (ITA) 1929, 1931
 Giuseppe Olmo (ITA) 1935, 1938
 Loretto Petrucci (ITA) 1952, 1953
 Miguel Poblet (ESP) 1957, 1959
 Laurent Fignon (FRA) 1988, 1989
 Seán Kelly (IRL) 1986, 1992

Wins per country

[edit]
Wins Country
51  Italy
23  Belgium
14  France
7  Germany (including  West Germany)
5  Spain
4  Netherlands
2  Australia
 Great Britain
 Ireland
 Switzerland
1  Norway
 Poland
 Slovenia

Women's race

[edit]
Main article: Primavera Rosa

From 1999 to 2005 seven editions of Milan–San Remo for women were held. The race was organized on the same day and finished in Sanremo shortly before the men, but covered a shorter distance. The start was not in Milan, but in Varazze, hence it was named Primavera Rosa. It was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. The 2006 edition was initially planned but cancelled before the event.[42] Russian Zoulfia Zabirova was the only rider to win twice.

In 2023, RCS Sport announced that a women's edition of the race would be held from 2024.[43] It is unclear whether the race will use the Primavera Rosa name.

Granfondo Milano-Sanremo

[edit]

The Granfondo Milano-Sanremo is an annual cyclosportive event for recreational cyclists over the same course as the professional race from Milan to San Remo. It is one of the oldest Granfondos in Italy, founded in 1971 by the Unione Cicloturistica Sanremo and popular among cyclotourists from all over the world. It is currently held the second Sunday in June and 2021 (postponed from 2020) was its 50th edition.[44][45]

[edit]
  • The race features in the 1980 Italian comedy film Fantozzi contro tutti.
  • The 1910 race is the subject of the 2006 graphic novel "La Primavera" by Alexis Frederick-Frost.[46]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ On 8 May 2016, it became public that the Italian Cycling Federation was making inquiries into the accusations about Démare. Matteo Tosatto, one of the riders who accused Démare, stated that he had given written testimony to officials about the incident.[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Storia della Milano-Sanremo". La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). RCS MediaGroup. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Hood, Edmond (17 March 2015). "Milan-Sanremo Preview: La Primavera". Pezcyclingnews.com. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Milano-Sanremo". uci.ci. UCI. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Il Lombardia". uci.ch. UCI. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  5. ^ Westemeyer, Susan (26 January 2006). "Women's Milan-San Remo cancelled". Cycling News. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  6. ^ Weislo, Laura (4 October 2024). "UCI rolls out 2025 road calendar with Copenhagen Sprint added to men's and women's WorldTour". Cycling News. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Milan-Sanremo's Ever-Changing Route". The Inner Ring. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  8. ^ "3 aprile 1910 - Milano-Sanremo". museociclismo.it (in Italian). Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  9. ^ "1910 Milano - San Remo". bikeraceinfo.com. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  10. ^ "Milan-San Remo - World Cup Round. 88th Milano-San Remo Race Report". Cycling News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  11. ^ "Milan - San Remo, World Cup round 1 Results and Reports Italy, March 21, 1998. Erik Zabel Triumphs". Cycling News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  12. ^ "90th Milan - San Remo. Summary". Cycling News. Archived from the original on 20 March 1999. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  13. ^ Henry, Chris. "95th Milan-San Remo post race wrap. Freire fastest at San Remo". Cycling News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  14. ^ "Milan-San Remo 2010: Spain's Óscar Freire wins in sprint finish". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  15. ^ Abrahams, Ben. "Swiss timing: Cancellara strikes in Sanremo". Cycling News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  16. ^ Haake, Bjorn; Westemeyer, Susan; Brown, Gregor. "100th Milano-Sanremo. Cavendish pips Haussler on the line". Cycling News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  17. ^ "Mark Cavendish wins Milan-San Remo". Cycling Weekly. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  18. ^ MacMichael, Simon (17 March 2013). "Snow and TV schedules wreak havoc as race shortened". Road.cc. Farrelly Atkinson. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  19. ^ "Cycling - Ciolek wins snow-shortened Milan-San Remo". Yahoo Eurosport UK. 17 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013.
  20. ^ Brown, Gregor. "Milano-Sanremo brings back Via Roma finish, favoring attackers". VeloNews.
  21. ^ Ryan, Barry (21 May 2015). "Degenkolb wins Milan-San Remo". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Riders accuse Demare of taking a tow from a team car during Milan-San Remo". cyclingnews.com. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  23. ^ "Demare hits back at Milan-San Remo tow allegations". cyclingnews.com. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  24. ^ "Italian Federation investigating Arnaud Demare's Milan-San Remo victory". cyclingnews.com. 8 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  25. ^ Robertshaw, Henry (18 March 2017). "Brilliant Michal Kwiatkowski edges out Peter Sagan to win Milan-San Remo 2017". Cycling Weekly. Time Inc. UK. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  26. ^ Ostanek, Daniel (8 August 2020). "Wout van Aert wins thrilling Milan-San Remo". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  27. ^ "There will be a women's Milan-San Remo in 2023". CyclingTips. 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  28. ^ Stephen Farrand (2 February 2023). "Milan-San Remo becomes Abbiategrasso to San Remo for 2023". cyclingnews.com.
  29. ^ a b c d Farrand, Stephen. "Milan-San Remo preview". Cycling News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  30. ^ "revistadesdelacuneta.com". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  31. ^ a b Condé, Mikkel (19 March 2015). "2015 Milan–San Remo Preview". cyclingtips.com. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  32. ^ "LeMond predicts sprint finish at Milan-San Remo 2015". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  33. ^ "Milan–San Remo Preview 2015". The Inner Ring. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  34. ^ "Milano - Sanremo 1995 (CDM)". Cycling Fever. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  35. ^ MacLeary, John. "Milan San-Remo 2012: GreenEdge's Simon Gerrans makes it two in a row for Australia in opening monument". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  36. ^ Brown, Gregor. "Milan-San Remo route change for 2014". Cycling Weekly.
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