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'''Microsoft Word''' is a [[commercial software|commercial]] [[word processor]] designed by [[Microsoft]]. It was first released in 1983 under the name ''Multi-Tool Word'' for [[Xenix]] systems.<ref name="PCHistory">{{Cite book|first=Roy|last=A. Allen|title=A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology|year=2001|month=October|publisher=Allan Publishing|edition=1st edition|isbn=978-0-9689108-0-1|url=http://www.archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer|chapter=Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980's|chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf|pages=12/25–12/26|accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx|title=Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html|title=The history of branding, Microsoft history}}</ref> Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including [[IBM PC]]s running [[DOS]] (1983), the [[Apple Macintosh]] (1984), the AT&T [[3B1|Unix PC]] (1985), [[Atari ST]] (1986), [[SCO OpenServer|SCO UNIX]], [[OS/2]], and [[Microsoft Windows]] (1989). It is a component of the [[Microsoft Office]] software system; it is also sold as a standalone product and included in [[Microsoft Works|Microsoft Works Suite]]. The current versions are Microsoft Word 2010 for Windows and 2011 for Mac.
'''Microsoft Word''', originally only available in Na'vi, is a [[commercial software|commercial]] [[word processor]] designed by [[Microsoft]]. It was first released in 1983,for the legendary actor Al Pacino, under the name ''Multi-Tool Word'' for [[Xenix]] systems.<ref name="PCHistory">{{Cite book|first=Roy|last=A. Allen|title=A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology|year=2001|month=October|publisher=Allan Publishing|edition=1st edition|isbn=978-0-9689108-0-1|url=http://www.archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer|chapter=Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980's|chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf|pages=12/25–12/26|accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx|title=Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html|title=The history of branding, Microsoft history}}</ref> Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including [[IBM PC]]s running [[DOS]] (1983), the [[Apple Macintosh]] (1984), the AT&T [[3B1|Unix PC]] (1985), [[Atari ST]] (1986), [[SCO OpenServer|SCO UNIX]], [[OS/2]], and [[Microsoft Windows]] (1989). It is a component of the [[Microsoft Office]] software system; it is also sold as a standalone product and included in [[Microsoft Works|Microsoft Works Suite]]. The current versions are Microsoft Word 2010 for Windows and 2011 for Mac.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 23:28, 26 May 2011

Microsoft Word
Developer(s)Microsoft
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
TypeWord processor
LicenseProprietary EULA
WebsiteMicrosoft Word
Microsoft Word for Mac
Developer(s)Microsoft
Operating systemMac OS X
TypeWord processor
LicenseProprietary EULA
WebsiteMicrosoft Word for Mac

Microsoft Word, originally only available in Na'vi, is a commercial word processor designed by Microsoft. It was first released in 1983,for the legendary actor Al Pacino, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[1][2][3] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), the Apple Macintosh (1984), the AT&T Unix PC (1985), Atari ST (1986), SCO UNIX, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows (1989). It is a component of the Microsoft Office software system; it is also sold as a standalone product and included in Microsoft Works Suite. The current versions are Microsoft Word 2010 for Windows and 2011 for Mac.

History

Origins and growth: 1981 to 1995

In 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[4] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[4][5][6]

File:Microsoft Word 5.0 for DOS.png
Microsoft Word 5.0 for DOS. Versions 1.0 to 4.0 had a similar user interface.

Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[4] and MS-DOS in 1983.[7] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[1] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World, making it the first program to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[1][8] Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse,[7] and it was able to display some formatting, such as bold, italic, and underlined text, although it could not render fonts.[1] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordPerfect. However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the next six years.

In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to the Macintosh. This was made easier by the fact that Word for DOS has been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[9] Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac added true WYSIWYG features. After its release, Word for Mac's sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.[4]

The second release of Word for Macintosh, shipped in 1987, was named Word 3.0 to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft's first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, which was mailed free to all registered users of 3.0.[9] After MacWrite, Word for Mac never had any serious rivals on the Mac. Word 5.1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. Many users say its the best version of Word for Mac ever created.[9][10]

In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[11] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Apple Macintosh[12][13] and was never updated.

The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[4] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows' increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.5, that replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.[14][15] When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for download free. As of November 2010, it is still available for download from Microsoft's web site.[16]

In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac, dubbed version 6.0, both started from the code base of Word for Windows 2.0.[10]

With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993, Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Macintosh, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g.,[17]), the Macintosh version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.1.[10] In response to user requests, Microsoft was forced to offer Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.[18] Subsequent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows.

File:Microsoft Word Icon.svg
Word 2007 icon
Microsoft Word 2007

Microsoft Word for Windows since 1995

Word 95 for Windows was the first 32-bit version of the product, released with Office 95 around the same time as Windows 95. It was a straightforward port of Word 6.0 and it introduced few new features, one of them being red-squiggle underlined spell-checking.[19] Starting with Word 95, releases of Word were named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[20] Word 2010 allows more customization of the Ribbon,[21] adds a Backstage view for file management,[22] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[23] and integrates with Word Web App.[24]

File:Word Mac 2008 icon.png
Word for Mac 2008 icon

Microsoft Word for Mac since 1995

In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for the Mac. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[18] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.[25] Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac.

Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.[26] It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X,[25] and introduced non-contiguous text selection.[27]

Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[28] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.[29]

Word 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management,[30] and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.[31] Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows,[32] and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.[33]

File formats

File extension

Microsoft Word's native file formats are denoted either by a .doc or .docx file extension.

Although the ".doc" extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:

  1. Word for DOS
  2. Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 4 and 5 for Mac
  3. Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac
  4. Word 97, 2000, 2002 and 2003 for Windows; Word 98, 2001, X, and 2004 for Mac

The newer ".docx" extension signifies the Office Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by Word 2007 and 2010 for Windows, Word 2008 and 2011 for the Macintosh, as well as by a growing number of applications from other vendors, including OpenOffice.org Writer, an open source word processing program.[34]

Microsoft does not guarantee the correct display of the document on different workstations, even if the two workstations use the same version of Microsoft Word, primarily due to page layout depending on the current printer.[35] This means it is possible the document the recipient sees might not be exactly the same as the document the sender sees.

Binary formats (Word 97–2003)

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users. Though usually just referred to as "Word Document Format", this term refers primarily to the range of formats used by default in Word version 97-2003.

Word document files by using the Word 97-2003 Binary File Format implement OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) structured storage to manage the structure of their file format. OLE behaves rather like a conventional hard drive file system and is made up of several key components. Each Word document is composed of so-called "big blocks" which are almost always (but do not have to be) 512-byte chunks; hence a Word document's file size will in most cases be a multiple of 512.

"Storages" are analogues of the directory on a disk drive, and point to other storages or "streams" which are similar to files on a disk. The text in a Word document is always contained in the "WordDocument" stream. The first big block in a Word document, known as the "header" block, provides important information as to the location of the major data structures in the document. "Property storages" provide metadata about the storages and streams in a doc file, such as where it begins and its name and so forth. The "File information block" contains information about where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.

Microsoft has published specifications for the Word 97-2003 Binary File Format.[36] However, these specifications were critised for not documenting all of the features used by Word binary file format.[37]

Word 2007 and 2010 continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.

XML Document (Word 2003)

Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats

The XML format introduced in Word 2003[38] was a simple, XML-based format called WordprocessingML.

Microsoft Office Open XML (Word 2007 and above)

Word 2007 introduced a new XML-based file format called Office Open XML (OOXML). The version of OOXML that Word 2007 supports is the ECMA-376 standard, published by Ecma International.[39] After the release of Office 2007, OOXML underwent another round of standardization under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The standard, ISO/IEC 29500:2008, has two variants. A Transitional variant is intended for legacy compatibility and is not supposed to be used to produce new documents. A Strict variant is based on ISO's revisions and improvements to the ECMA standard.

Word 2010 supports reading and writing Transitional documents but only reading Strict documents. This caused consternation among members of the ISO Office Open XML subcommittee, who claimed that Microsoft was only paying lip service to the standards process.[40] In response, Microsoft said that the Strict schema will be fully supported no later than Office 15, the next major version after Office 2010.[41]

In August 2009, Canadian firm i4i sued Microsoft before the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas for infringing on a software patent involving custom XML in a document.[42] In December 2009, the judgment of the district court was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.[43] An injunction was issued that banned Microsoft from selling copies of Word with the code that infringes on the patent after January 11, 2010.[44] Several days after the court ruling, Microsoft released a "mandatory patch" that brings the software into compliance with the court's decision.[45][46]

In November 2010, the US supreme court agreed to hear an appeal by Microsoft.[47] The case was scheduled to be heard in court on April 18, 2011.[48]

Attempts at cross-version compatibility

Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not so subtle ways (such as changing the font, or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes), creating a "lock in" phenomenon to the base (proprietary) standard.[49] Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[49] Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document. Later, after HTML appeared, Word supported an HTML derivative as an additional full-fidelity roundtrip format similar to RTF, with the additional capability that the file could be viewed in a web browser.

Third party formats

Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standard OpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Office 2007, Word did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format 1.1 documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word 2007.[50][51] [52][53][49] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third party plugins provide better support. [54] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.[55]

In October 2005, one year before the Microsoft Office 2007 suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support, and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office 2007. This statement was repeated in the following months.[56][57][58][59] As an answer, on October 20, 2005 an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[60] The petition was signed by approximately 12000 people.[61]

In May 2006, the ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[62] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[63]

In July 2006, Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external toolset.[64][65] In February 2007, this project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[66]

In February 2007, Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[67] Version 1.0 was released in July 2007.[68]

Microsoft Word 2007 (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft 'Save as PDF or XPS' add-on.[69][70]

Features and flaws

Word has a built-in spell checker, thesaurus, dictionary, Office Assistant and utilities for transferring, copy, pasting and editing text, such as PureText.

Normal.dot

Normal.dot is the master template.

WordArt

WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors and even including three-dimensional effects, starting at version 2007, and prevalent in Office 2010. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects, and add text effects to paragraph styles.

Macros

Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word 97.

This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa worm, but countless others have existed in the wild. Nearly all anti-virus software can detect and clean common macro viruses.

These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any Mac OS X system up until the advent of video codec trojans in 2007. Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word 2004 that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by 2006.

Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon

Layout issues

Before Word 2010 (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to handle ligatures defined in TrueType fonts[71] those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled:[72] OpenType ligatures,[73] kerning, and hyphenation. Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.[74] Similarly, combining diacritics are handled poorly: Word 2003 has "improved support", but many diacritics are still misplaced, even if a precomposed glyph is present in the font.

Additionally, as of Word 2002, Word does automatic font substitution when it finds a character in a document that does not exist in the font specified. It is impossible to deactivate this, making it very difficult to spot when a glyph used is missing from the font in use. If "Mirror margins" or "Different odd and even" are enabled, Word will not allow the user to freshly begin page numbering an even page after a section break (and vice versa). Instead it inserts a mandatory blank page which cannot be removed.[75]

In Word 2004 for Macintosh, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97[citation needed], and Word 2004 does not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[76]

Bullets and numbering

Word has extensive list bullets and numbering feature used for tables, list, pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and tables of content. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly or using a button or by applying a style or through use of a template. Some problems with numbering have been found in Word 97-2003. An example is Word's system for restarting numbering.[77] The Bullets and Numbering system has been significantly overhauled for Office 2007, which is intended to reduce the severity of these problems. For example, Office 2007 cannot align tabs for multi-leveled numbered lists [citation needed]. Often, items in a list will be inexplicably separated from their list number by one to three tabs, rendering outlines unreadable[citation needed]. These problems cannot be resolved even by expert users[citation needed]. Even basic dragging and dropping of words is usually impossible[citation needed]. Bullet and numbering problems in Word include: bullet characters are often changed and altered, indentation is changed within the same list, bullet point or number sequence can belong to an entirely different nest within the same sequence[citation needed].

Creating tables

Users can also create tables in MS Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple calculations. Formulas are supported as well.

Using formulas

As mentioned in Creating Tables, MS Word supports the use of formulas. To access Word's formula function in Word 2007, click anywhere in a table, then choose Table Tools>>Layout. To access Word's formula function in Word 2003, select Table>>Formula. The formula function is on the ribbon in the Data section. Click on the Formula icon to open the Formula Dialog box. At the top of the Formula box is a place to enter a formula. Formulas use a similar convention as that used in Excel. Cell references use the "A1" reference style. Formulas are written using cell references (for example =A1+A2).[78] Word tables do not display column and row ids, the address must be determined by counting the number of columns and rows. For example, cell C4 appears three columns from the left and four rows down. Once cell addresses are known the formula can be written. Examples are: =C3+C4; =sum(C2:C10). An optional Microsoft Word add-in program called Formula Builder provides cell references in a number of different ways so the user does not have to determine it by counting columns and rows. For example, cell references may be added to a formula by double-clicking the cell.

As an alternative to using actual cell references as the arguments in the formula, you can use ABOVE, BELOW, LEFT, or RIGHT instead (i.e., =SUM(ABOVE)) which adds a range of cells.[79] There are limitations to this method. The cells in the range must not be empty and they must contain numeric values otherwise the calculation will not include the entire range expected.[80][81] Another problem is that ABOVE, BELOW, LEFT, or RIGHT does not recognize negative numbers when the number is surrounded by parenthesis and as a result does not calculate correctly.[82] Word also adds the heading row if it contains a numeric value provided the cells in the range are contiguous and all contain values.[83]

AutoSummarize

AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable. The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.

According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring "a" and "the" and the like) and assigns a "score" to each word—the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it "averages" each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence—the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. "It's like the ratio of wheat to chaff," explains Fein.[84]

AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac 2011, although it was present in Word for Mac 2008.

AutoCorrect

In Microsoft Office 2003, AutoCorrect items added by the user stop working when text from sources outside of the document are pasted into it.

Subscript and superscript issues

In any of the Microsoft Word packages, it is impossible to display superscript exactly lying above subscript. It can only be done using the equation editor.

Versions

File:Ms-word-5.5-dos.png
Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS
File:Word2000screenshot.jpg
Microsoft Word 2000

Versions for Microsoft Windows include the following:

Year Released Name Version Comments
1989 Word for Windows 1.0 1.0 Code-named Opus
1990 Word for Windows 1.1 1.1 Code-named Bill the Cat
1990 Word for Windows 1.1a 1.1a For Windows 3.1
1991 Word for Windows 2.0 2.0 Code-named Spaceman Spiff
1993 Word for Windows 6.0 6.0 Code-named T3 (renumbered 6 to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS version, Macintosh version and also WordPerfect, the main competing word processor at the time; also a 32-bit version for Windows NT only)
1995 Word 95 7.0 Included in Office 95
1997 Word 97 8.0 Included in Office 97
1998 Word 98 8.5 Only sold as part of Office 97 Powered By Word 98, which was only available in Japan and Korea.
1999 Word 2000 9.0 Included in Office 2000
2001 Word 2002 10.0 Included in Office XP
2003 Office Word 2003 11.0 Included in Office 2003
2006 Office Word 2007 12.0
  • Included in Office 2007; released to businesses on November 30, 2006, released worldwide to consumers on January 30, 2007
2010 Word 2010 14.0 Included in Office 2010
Note: Version number 13 was skipped due to superstition.[85]

Versions for the Macintosh (Mac OS and Mac OS X) include the following:

Year Released Name Comments
1985 Word 1
1987 Word 3
1989 Word 4 Part of Office 1.0 and 1.5
1991 Word 5
  • Part of Office 3.0
  • Requires System 6.0.2, 512 KB of RAM (1 MB for 5.1, 2 MB to use spell check and thesaurus), 6.5 MB available hard drive space[9]
1992 Word 5.1
  • Part of Office 3.0
  • Last version to support 68000-based Macs[9]
1993 Word 6
  • Part of Office 4.2
  • Shares code and user interface with Word for Windows 6
  • Requires System 7.0, 4 MB of RAM (8 MB recommended), at least 10 MB available hard drive space, 68020 CPU[9]
1998 Word 98
2000 Word 2001
2001 Word v. X
2004 Word 2004 Part of Office 2004
2008 Word 2008 Part of Office 2008
2010 Word 2011 Part of Office 2011

Versions for MS-DOS

Year Released Name Comments
1983 Word 1
1985 Word 2
1986 Word 3
1987 Word 4
1989 Word 5
1991 Word 5.1
1991 Word 5.5 First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface
1993 Word 6.0

Versions for the Atari ST:

Year Released Name Comments
1988 Microsoft Write Conversion of Microsoft Word 1.05 for Mac

Versions for OS/2 include the following:

Year Released Name Comments
1992 Microsoft Word for OS/2 version 1.1B

See also

Wikiversity has learning resources about Microsoft Office/Word

References

  1. ^ a b c d A. Allen, Roy (2001). "Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980's". A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology (1st edition ed.). Allan Publishing. pp. 12/25–12/26. ISBN 978-0-9689108-0-1. Retrieved 2010-11-07. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ "Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon".
  3. ^ "The history of branding, Microsoft history".
  4. ^ a b c d e Edwards, Benj (October 22, 2008). "Microsoft Word Turns 25". PC World. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  5. ^ Tsang, Cheryl (1999). Microsoft First Generation. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
  6. ^ Schaut, Rick (May 19, 2004). "Anatomy of a Software Bug". MSDN Blogs. Retrieved 2006-12-02.
  7. ^ a b Markoff, John (May 30, 1983). "Mouse and new WP program join Microsoft product lineup". InfoWorld. p. 10. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  8. ^ Pollack, Andrew (August 25, 1983). "Computerizing Magazines". New York Times.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Knight, Dan (May 22, 2008). "Microsoft Word for Mac History". Low End Mac. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  10. ^ a b c Schaut, Rick (February 26, 2004). "Mac Word 6.0". Buggin' My Life Away. MSDN Blogs. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  11. ^ "Atari announces agreement with Microsoft". Atarimagazines.com. 2008-04-25. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  12. ^ "Feature Review: Microsoft Write". Atarimagazines.com. 2008-04-25. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  13. ^ "Today's Atari Corp.: A close up look inside". Atarimagazines.com. 2008-04-25. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  14. ^ Miller, Michael J. (November 12, 1990). "First Look: Microsoft Updates Look of And Adds Pull-Down Menus to Character-Based Word 5.5". InfoWorld. p. 151. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  15. ^ Needleman, Raphael (November 19, 1990). "Microsoft Word 5.5: Should You Fight or Switch?". InfoWorld. p. 106. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  16. ^ "Microsoft Word 5.5 for MS-DOS (EXE format)". Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  17. ^ "War of the Words". InfoWorld. February 7, 1994. pp. 66–79. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  18. ^ a b Lockman, James T.W. (May 15, 1998). "UGeek Software Review: Microsoft Office 98 Gold for Macintosh". Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  19. ^ Harris, Jensen (March 29, 2006). "Ye Olde Museum Of Office Past (Why the UI, Part 2)". An Office User Interface Blog. Microsoft. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  20. ^ Ericson, Richard (October 11, 2006). "Final Review: The Lowdown on Office 2007". Computerworld. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  21. ^ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). "Microsoft Office 2010". PC Magazine. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  22. ^ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). "Microsoft Office 2010: Office 2010's Backstage View". PC Magazine. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
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Further reading

  • Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
  • Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. WINNERS, LOSERS & MICROSOFT: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 978-0-945999-80-5.
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