Michael Jackson: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> |
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| Name = Michael Jackson |
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| Img =Michael Jackson and President Bush 2 (cropped).jpg |
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| Img_capt = At the White House in 1990 |
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| Img_size = 300 |
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| Background = solo_singer |
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| Birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson |
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| Born = {{Birth date|1958|08|29}}<br /><small>[[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], United States</small> |
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| Died = {{Death date and age|2009|06|25|1958|08|29}} <br /><small>[[Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California|Holmby Hills]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], United States</small> |
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| Instrument = [[Singing|Vocals]] |
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| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[rock music|rock]], [[soul]] |
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| Occupation = Singer-songwriter, record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, author, businessman, financier, philanthropist, inventor |
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| Years_active = 1964–2009 |
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| Label = [[Motown Records|Motown]], [[Epic Records|Epic]] |
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| Associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5|The Jackson 5/The Jacksons]] |
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| URL = [http://www.michaeljackson.com MichaelJackson.com] |
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}} |
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His death wasn't much of a thriller, he looked at the man in the mirror. |
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'''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer and businessman. The seventh child of the [[Jackson family]], he made his debut as an entertainer in 1968 as a member of [[The Jackson 5]]. He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group, and that successful career led to him being dubbed the "[[List of honorific titles in popular music|King of Pop]]"<ref name="edeath">{{cite web |last=Ryan|first=Joal| title= Michael Jackson, Pop's Thrilling King, Dead at 50|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b131173_michael_jackson_pops_thrilling_king.html |date=2009-06-25|publisher=E! Online|accessdate=2009-06-25}}</ref> in subsequent years. Jackson's 1982 album ''[[Thriller (album)|Thriller]]'' remains the [[List of best-selling albums worldwide|world's best-selling album of all time]],<ref name="109 Newswire">{{cite web | url=http://news.prnewswire.com/ViewContent.aspx?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/01-16-2009/0004956264&EDATE= |title=Music Icon Quincy Jones Kicks-Off New Series in Tribune Newspapers |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |date=January 16, 2009 |accessdate=January 24, 2009 }}</ref> and four of his other solo [[studio album]]s are among the world's best-selling records: ''[[Off the Wall (album)|Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991) and ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995). |
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He died as easy as one, two, three ABC. |
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In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American [[popular music]] and culture. He was the first [[African American]] entertainer to amass a strong [[crossover (music)|crossover]] following on [[MTV]]. The popularity of his [[music video]]s airing on MTV, such as "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]" and "[[Thriller (music video)|Thriller]]"—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. Videos such as "[[Black or White]]" and "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s. With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] and the [[moonwalk (dance)|moonwalk]]. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style influenced many [[hip hop]], [[pop music]] and [[contemporary R&B]] artists across several generations. |
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He was born a poor black boy and died a rich, white woman. |
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Jackson donated and raised millions of dollars for beneficial causes through his [[Heal the World Foundation]], charity [[singles (music)|singles]], and support of 39 charities. Other aspects of his personal life, including his often [[Michael Jackson's health and appearance|changing appearances]] and eccentric behavior, generated significant controversy that damaged his public image. Though he was accused of [[1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson|child sexual abuse in 1993]], the criminal investigation was closed due to lack of evidence and Jackson was not charged. The singer had experienced health concerns since the early 1990s along with conflicting reports regarding the state of his finances since the late 1990s. Jackson married twice and fathered three children, actions which caused further controversy. In 2005, during [[People v. Jackson]], Jackson was tried and acquitted of different sexual abuse allegations and several other charges. |
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One of the few artists to have been inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twice, his other achievements include multiple ''[[Guinness World Records]]''—including one for "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time"—thirteen [[Grammy Award]]s, thirteen [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States#J|number one singles]] in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records worldwide.<ref name="worldwidesales">{{cite web |title=Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |last=Ditzian |first=Eric |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614815/20090626/jackson_michael.jhtml|publisher= [[MTV]]|date= 2009-06-27|accessdate=2009-06-27}}</ref> At the time of [[death of Michael Jackson|his death]], Jackson was preparing for ''[[This Is It (Michael Jackson concerts)|This Is It]]'', a series of 50 concerts that would have been held at [[The O2 arena (London)|The O<sub>2</sub> arena]] in London, beginning July 13, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/05/20/michael.jackson.tour/|title=Michael Jackson delays some shows until '10|first=Alan|last=Duke|publisher=CNN|date=May 20, 2009|accessdate=June 26, 2009}}</ref> |
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==Life and career== |
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===1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5=== |
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Michael Joseph Jackson was born August 29, 1958 in [[Gary, Indiana]], an industrial suburb of [[Chicago]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20">George, p. 20</ref> The son of [[African-American]] parents [[Joseph Jackson|Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson]] and [[Katherine Jackson|Katherine Esther Scruse]],<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> he was the seventh of nine children. His siblings are [[Rebbie Jackson|Rebbie]], [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], [[La Toya Jackson|La Toya]], [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]], [[Randy Jackson (musician)|Randy]] and [[Janet Jackson|Janet]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> Joseph Jackson was a steel mill employee who often performed in an R&B band called The Falcons with his brother Luther. Jackson was raised as a [[Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witness]] by his devout mother.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> Joseph Jackson has an additional daughter named Joh Vonnie Jackson who is actually the youngest sibling of Michael Jackson. The family lived at 2300 Jackson St., near Roosevelt Park; Michael often reflected that he wanted to play with neighborhood children but was rarely allowed because of the incessant rehearsals demanded by his father.{{fact}} |
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Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused by his father from a young age, enduring incessant rehearsals, whippings and name-calling. However, he also credited his father's strict discipline as playing a large part in his success.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://crime.about.com/od/current/p/michael_jackson.htm | title = Michael Jackson - The King of Pop or Wacko Jacko? | publisher = crime.about.com | accessdate = 2009-06-27}}</ref><ref name="MJ's secret childhood">{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/vh1_news_presents/82010/episode_about.jhtml |title=Michael Jackson's Secret Childhood |publisher=[[VH1]] |accessdate=June 20, 2008}}</ref> In one altercation—later recalled by Marlon Jackson—Joseph held Michael upside down by one leg and "pummeled him over and over again with his hand, hitting him on his back and buttocks".<ref name = "tara 20-22">Taraborrelli, pp. 20–22</ref> Joseph would also trip or push his male children into walls. One night while Jackson was asleep, Joseph climbed into his room through the bedroom window. Wearing a fright mask, he entered the room screaming and shouting. Joseph said he wanted to teach his children not to leave the window open when they went to sleep. For years afterwards, Jackson said he suffered nightmares about being kidnapped from his bedroom.<ref name = "tara 20-22"/> In 2003, Joseph admitted to the [[BBC]] that he had whipped Jackson as a child.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|title=Can Michael Jackson's demons be explained?|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2009-06-27|accessdate=2009-06-28|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8121599.stm}}</ref> |
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Jackson first spoke openly about his childhood abuse in a 1993 interview with [[Oprah Winfrey]]. He said that during his childhood he often cried from loneliness and would sometimes start to vomit upon seeing his father.<ref name = "campbell (1995) 14-16">Campbell (1995), pp. 14–16</ref><ref name = "lewis 165-168">Lewis, pp. 165–168</ref><ref name="Nelson George overview 45-46"/><ref>Taraborrelli, p. 620</ref> In Jackson's other high profile interview, ''[[Living with Michael Jackson]]'' (2003), the singer covered his face with his hand and began crying when talking about his childhood abuse.<ref name = "tara 20-22"/> Jackson recalled that Joseph sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you".<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 602</ref> |
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Jackson showed musical talent early in his life, performing in front of classmates and others during a Christmas recital at the age of five.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> In 1964, Jackson and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing [[congas]] and [[tambourine]], respectively. Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing; at the age of eight, he and Jermaine assumed lead vocals, and the group's name was changed to [[The Jackson 5]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> The band toured [[Midwestern United States|the Midwest]] extensively from 1966 to 1968. The band frequently performed at a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "[[chitlin' circuit]]", where they often opened for [[striptease]]s and other adult acts. In 1966, they won a major local talent show with renditions of [[Motown sound|Motown]] hits and [[James Brown]]'s "[[I Got You (I Feel Good)]]", led by Michael.<ref name=RRHF>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-jackson-five |title=The Jackson Five |accessdate=May 29, 2007 |publisher=[[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]}}</ref> |
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The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "[[Big Boy (The Jackson 5 song)|Big Boy]]", for the local record label [[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]] in 1967 and signed with [[Motown Records]] in 1968.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts", noting that Michael "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer" after he began to dance and sing with his brothers.<ref name="rollingstone"/> The group set a chart record when its first four singles ("[[I Want You Back]]", "[[ABC (song)|ABC]]", "[[The Love You Save]]" and "[[I'll Be There]]") peaked at number one on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 20"/> During The Jackson 5's early years, Motown's public relations team claimed that Jackson was nine years old—two years younger than he actually was—to make him appear cuter and more accessible to the mainstream audience.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 17</ref> Starting in 1972, Jackson released a total of four solo studio albums with Motown, among them ''[[Got to Be There]]'' and ''[[Ben (album)|Ben]]''. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise, and produced successful singles such as "[[Got to Be There (song)|Got to Be There]]", "[[Ben (song)|Ben]]" and a remake of [[Bobby Day]]'s "[[Rockin' Robin (song)|Rockin' Robin]]". The group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control or input.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 22">George, p. 22</ref> Although the group scored several top 40 hits, including the top 5 [[disco]] single "[[Dancing Machine]]" and the top 20 hit "[[I Am Love]]", the Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 22"/> |
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===1975–81: Move to Epic and ''Off the Wall''=== |
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The Jackson 5 signed a new contract with [[Sony Music Entertainment|CBS Records]] in June 1975, joining the Philadelphia International Records division, later [[Epic Records]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 22"/> As a result of legal proceedings, the group was renamed The Jacksons.<ref name = "tara 138–144">Taraborrelli, pp. 138–144</ref> After the name change, the band continued to tour internationally, releasing six more albums between 1976 and 1984. From 1976 to 1984, Michael Jackson was the lead songwriter of the group, writing hits such as "[[Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)]]", "[[This Place Hotel]]" and "[[Can You Feel It]]".<ref name="RRHF" /> The Jacksons had a [[prime-time]] TV [[variety show]] on [[CBS]], ''[[The Jacksons (TV show)|The Jacksons]],'' from 1976 to 1977. |
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In 1978, Jackson starred as [[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]] in the [[Musical film|musical]] ''[[The Wiz (film)|The Wiz]]''.<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 163–169</ref> The musical scores were arranged by [[Quincy Jones]], who formed a partnership with Jackson during the film's production and agreed to produce the singer's next solo album, ''[[Off the Wall (album)|Off the Wall]]''.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 23">George, p. 23</ref> In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent [[rhinoplasty]] surgery was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to [[Steven Hoefflin|Dr. Steven Hoefflin]], who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and other subsequent operations.<ref name = "tara 205–210">Taraborrelli, pp. 205–210</ref> |
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Jones and Jackson jointly produced ''Off the Wall''. Songwriters included Jackson, [[Heatwave (band)|Heatwave's]] [[Rod Temperton]], [[Stevie Wonder]] and [[Paul McCartney]]. Released in 1979, it was the first album to generate four U.S. top 10 hits, including the chart-topping singles "[[Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough]]" and "[[Rock with You (Michael Jackson song)|Rock with You]]".<ref name = "Nelson George overview 37-38"/> ''Off the Wall'' reached number three on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and has since been certified for 7 million shipments in the U.S. and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.<ref name="Off the Wall 20 million">{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmedia.com/music/classicalbums/michaeljackson-offthewall.php |title=Michael Jackson: Off the Wall — Classic albums — Music — Virgin media |publisher=[[Virgin Media]] |accessdate=December 12, 2008}}</ref><ref name="RIAA certifications">{{cite web |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Michael%20Jackson&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=100 |
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|title=Gold and Platinum |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}</ref> In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the [[American Music Awards]] for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".<ref name = "Nelson George overview 37-38">George, pp. 37–38</ref> That year, he also won [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' Music Awards]] for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance (for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough").<ref name = "Nelson George overview 37-38"/> Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt ''Off the Wall'' should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 188</ref> In 1980, Jackson secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37% of wholesale album profit.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 191</ref> |
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===1982–85: ''Thriller'', ''Motown 25'', ''We Are the World'' and business career=== |
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After Jackson's early 1982 contribution, "Someone In the Dark", to the film ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', which won him a Grammy for Best Album for Children,<ref name = "MJ Grammy's">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=Michael+Jackson&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1|title=Grammy Award Winners|publisher=[[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]|accessdate=February 14, 2008}}</ref> Epic issued his second album, ''[[Thriller (album)|Thriller]]''. In what would turn out to be the apex of his career, the album remained in the top 10 of the ''Billboard'' 200 for 80 consecutive weeks, 37 at the peak. Seven singles from ''Thriller'' concurrently hit the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 top 10, including "[[Billie Jean]]", "[[Beat It]]" and "[[Wanna Be Startin' Somethin]]'".<ref>Lewis, p. 47</ref> ''Thriller'' went on to sell upwards of 109 million copies, making it the [[List of best-selling albums worldwide|best-selling album of all time]],<ref name="109 Newswire">{{cite web |url=http://news.prnewswire.com/ViewContent.aspx?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/01-16-2009/0004956264&EDATE= |title=Music Icon Quincy Jones Kicks-Off New Series in Tribune Newspapers |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |date=January 16, 2009 |accessdate=January 24, 2009}}</ref><ref name = "Nelson George overview 50-53"/><ref name="Showbuzz">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/06/entertainment/main3461884.shtml?source=search_story |title=Michael Jackson Opens Up |publisher=[[CBS]] |date=November 6, 2007 |accessdate=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Jill |last=Serjeant|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE55O6V920090625|title=Michael Jackson superstardom tarnished by scandal|publisher=Reuters|date=June 25, 2009|accessdate=June 28, 2009}}</ref> causing Jackson biographer [[J. Randy Taraborrelli]] to muse that "at some point, ''Thriller'' stopped selling like a leisure item — like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie — and started selling like a household staple."<ref name="tara 226">Taraborrelli, p. 226</ref> |
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The period of ''Thriller'' was an extraordinarily lucrative one for Jackson, whose lawyer [[John Branca]] had negotiated what he boasted then as the highest royalty rate ever in the music industry, approximately $2 per album. Meanwhile, Jackson raked in profits from ''The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller'', a documentary by Jackson and [[John Landis]] which quickly sold over 350,000 copies. In addition, he began profiting from his image in earnest, as Michael Jackson dolls and other novelties hit the market.<ref name=TIME/> |
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[[File:MichaelJacksonMoonwalk.ogg|thumb|Jackson debuts the moonwalk during his performance on ''Motown 25'']] |
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Beyond its record-breaking success among fans, ''Thriller'' instituted multiple changes within the music industry. First, it raised the importance of albums, while challenging notions about how many prospective hits an album should contain.<ref name=vh1>{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/jackson_michael/bio.jhtml |title=Michael Jackson |publisher=VH1 |year= (2007) |accessdate=February 22, 2007}}</ref> Second, it restored to the industry a sense of confidence in its ability to release high-level artistry during a time when profits had been sinking due to what one industry analyst called "the ruins of punk and the chic regions of synthesizer pop".<ref name=TIME>{{cite news | first= Jay | last= Cocks |authorlink=Jay Cocks | title= Why He's a Thriller | date= March 19, 1984| publisher= ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' | url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950053-1,00.html | accessdate= March 17, 2007}}</ref> Third, it helped bring MTV into its heyday, even as MTV helped fuel ''Thriller's'' success. Fourth, ''Thriller'' paved the way for other well-profitable acts such as [[Prince (musician)|Prince]].<ref name=WashPost1>{{cite news | first= Richard | last= Harrington | title= Prince & Michael Jackson: Two Paths to the Top of Pop |date= October 9, 1988 | work=[[The Washington Post]] | url= http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73636369.html?dids=73636369:73636369&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+9%2C+1988&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=g.01&desc=Prince+%26+Michael+Jackson%3A+Two+Paths+to+the+Top+of+Pop | accessdate= May 21, 2007}}</ref> The New York Times later said Jackson was a one-man rescue team for the music business.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40F10FB3A5C0C778DDDA80894DC484D81|title=Michael Jackson at 25: A Musical Phenomenon|last=Pareles|first=Jon|authorlink=Jon Pareles|date= January 14, 1984 |accessdate= March 30, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> At its 25th anniversary, ''Thriller'' retained important influence over the music industry, artists, and [[Culture of the United States|American culture]].<ref name="tara 226"/> |
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On March 25, 1983, he performed live on the ''[[Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever]]'' television special, both with The Jackson 5 and on his own singing "Billie Jean". Debuting his signature dance move—the [[moonwalk (dance)|moonwalk]]—his performances during the event were seen by 47 million viewers during its initial airing, and drew comparisons to [[Elvis Presley]]'s and [[The Beatles]]' appearances on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''.<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 238–241</ref> ''The New York Times'' said, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing".<ref name="Dancing feet of Michael Jackson">{{cite news|first=Anna |last=Kisselgoff |authorlink=Anna Kisselgoff|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DE1539F935A35750C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |title=Dancing feet of Michael Jackson |work=The New York Times |date=March 6, 1988 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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Jackson suffered a setback on January 27, 1984. While filming a [[Pepsi Cola]] commercial at the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in Los Angeles, he suffered [[second degree burn]]s to his scalp after pyrotechnics accidentally set his hair on fire. Happening in front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, the incident was the subject of heavy media scrutiny and elicited an outpouring of sympathy.<ref name = "tara 279–287">Taraborrelli, pp. 279–287</ref> [[PepsiCo]] settled a lawsuit out of court, and Jackson gave his $1.5 million settlement to the [[Brotman Medical Center]] in [[Culver City, California]], where he had been treated, allowing the hospital to acquire the best available technology for treating severe burns; Brotman subsequently renamed its burn ward "Michael Jackson Burn Center" in his honor.<ref name = "tara 279–287"/> Jackson had his third rhinoplasty shortly afterwards and grew self conscious about his appearance.<ref name = "tara 205–210"/> |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson with the Reagans.png|thumb|left|Jackson at the White House South Portico with President Ronald Reagan and first lady [[Nancy Reagan]], 1984]] |
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On May 14, 1984, Jackson was invited to the [[White House]] to receive an award presented by [[U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]]. The award was given for his support of charities that helped people overcome [[alcoholism|alcohol]] and [[drug abuse]].<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 304–307</ref> He won eight awards during the [[Grammy Awards of 1984|1984 Grammys]]. Unlike later albums, ''Thriller'' did not have an official tour to promote it, but the 1984 [[Victory Tour]], headlined by The Jacksons, showcased much of his new solo material to more than two million Americans.<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 315–319</ref> He donated his $5 million share from the Victory Tour to charity.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 320</ref> |
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Jackson co-wrote the charity single "[[We Are the World]]" with [[Lionel Richie]], which was released worldwide to aid the poor in Africa and the US. He was one of 39 music celebrities who performed on the record. The single became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold and millions of dollars donated to [[famine relief]].<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 340–344</ref> |
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While working with Paul McCartney on the two hit singles "[[The Girl Is Mine]]" and "[[Say Say Say]]", the pair became friendly, occasionally visiting one another. In one discussion, McCartney told Jackson about the millions of dollars he had made from music catalogs; he was earning approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs. Jackson then began a business career buying, selling and distributing publishing rights to music from numerous artists. Shortly afterwards, ATV Songs—a music catalogue holding thousands of songs, including most of the songs written by [[Lennon-McCartney]] between 1963–1973—was put up for sale.<ref name = "tara 333-337">Taraborrelli, pp. 333–337</ref><ref name = "1995 music deal">{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E7DD1439F93BA35752C1A963958260 |title=Michael Jackson sells Beatles songs to Sony |work=The New York Times |date=November 8, 1995 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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Jackson took immediate interest in the catalog but was warned that he would face strong competition. Excited, he skipped around saying, "I don't care. I want those songs. Get me those songs Branca [his attorney]". Branca then contacted the attorney of McCartney, who clarified that his client was not interested in bidding; "It's too pricey". After Jackson had started negotiations, McCartney changed his mind and tried to persuade Yoko Ono to join him in a joint bid, she declined, so he pulled out. Jackson eventually beat the rest of the competition in negotiations that lasted 10 months, purchasing the catalog for $47.5 million. When McCartney found out he said, "I think it's dodgy to do things like that. To be someone's friend and then buy the rug they're standing on". <ref name = "tara 333-337"/><ref name="Guardian document finances">{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1506781,00.html |title=Bad Fortunes |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 15, 2005 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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===1986–90: Tabloids, appearance, ''Bad'', autobiography and films=== |
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{{See also|Michael Jackson's health and appearance}} |
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In 1986, the ''[[National Enquirer]]'' published a series of photographs of Jackson lying in a [[Hyperbaric medicine|hyperbaric oxygen chamber]],<ref name="BBC, Jackson's image problems">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/4584367.stm |title=Music's misunderstood superstar |publisher=BBC |date=(June 13, 2005) |accessdate=July 14, 2008}}</ref> claiming that he slept in the chamber to slow the aging process. Although the photographs were genuine, the claims were untrue; Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.{{Dubious|July 2009|date=July 2009}} The singer was promoting his upcoming film ''[[Captain EO]]'' and wanted to promote a [[science fiction]] image of himself.<ref name = "tara 355-361">Taraborrelli, pp. 355–361</ref> Jackson had a fourth rhinoplasty and, wanting masculine features, had a cleft put in his chin.<ref name = "tara 205–210"/> Then he starred in the [[Francis Ford Coppola]]-directed [[3-D film]] ''Captain EO''. It was the most expensive film produced on a per-minute basis at the time, and was later hosted in [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] theme parks. [[Disneyland]] featured the film in its [[Tomorrowland]] area for nearly 11 years, while [[Walt Disney World Resort|Walt Disney World]] screened the film in its [[Epcot]] theme park from 1986 to 1994.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 41">George, p. 41</ref> |
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When Jackson bought a pet chimpanzee called [[Bubbles (chimpanzee)|Bubbles]], it was reported as an example of increasing detachment from reality.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Michael|last=Goldberg|coauthors=David Handelman|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/28852269|title=Is Michael Jackson for Real?|journal=Rolling Stone|date=1987-09-24|accessdate=July 3, 2009}}</ref> In 2003, the singer claimed that Bubbles had been trained to use the toilet and to clean his own bedroom.<ref name="BBC, Jackson's image problems"/> Later, it was reported that Jackson bought the bones of [[Joseph Merrick|The Elephant Man]].<ref name="BBC, Jackson's image problems"/> Although untrue, it was a story that Jackson again disseminated to the tabloid press.<ref name = "tara 355-361"/>{{Dubious|July 2009|date=July 2009}} These stories inspired the pejorative nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson acquired the following year. He would eventually come to despise the nickname. Realizing his mistake, he stopped leaking untruths to the press. However due to the profit being made, the media began making up their own stories.<ref name="BBC, Jackson's image problems"/><ref name = "tara 370–373">Taraborrelli, pp. 370–373</ref> |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson 1988.jpg|thumb|upright|Jackson in 1988, two years after he was diagnosed with [[vitiligo]], here in the early stages of the disease]] |
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Jackson's skin was a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the early 1980s, his skin gradually grew paler. This change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that Jackson was bleaching his skin.<ref name = "campbell (1995) 14-16"/> In the mid-1980s, Jackson was diagnosed with [[vitiligo]] and [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]]; the latter was in [[remission (medicine)|remission]] in Jackson's case, and both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.<ref name="Taraborrelli">Taraborrelli, pp. 434–436</ref> The structure of his face changed as well; several surgeons have speculated that Jackson had undergone multiple nasal surgeries, a forehead lift, thinned lips and a cheekbone surgery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Cosmetic/story?id=131910&page=1 |title=Surgeon: Michael Jackson A 'Nasal Cripple' |publisher=[[ABC News]] |date= (February 8, 2003) |accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> Changes to his face were, in part, due to periods of significant weight loss.<ref name = "tara 138–144"/> Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".<ref name = "jackson 229-230">Jackson, pp. 229–230</ref> Witnesses reported that Jackson was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from [[anorexia nervosa]]; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem for the singer later in life.<ref name = "tara 312–313">Taraborrelli, pp. 312–313</ref> Some medical professionals have publicly stated their belief that the singer had [[body dysmorphic disorder]], a psychological condition whereby the sufferer has no concept of how he is perceived by others.<ref name="Taraborrelli"/> |
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{{Quote|Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars. Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything ''you'' say, because ''you're a reporter''. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is ''nuts''. He's cracked up. You can't believe a damn word that comes out of his mouth."|Michael Jackson<ref>Taraborrelli, p. vii</ref>}} |
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With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), was highly anticipated.<ref name="TIME2">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,965452-2,00.html |title=The Badder They Come|last=Cocks |first=Jay|authorlink=Jay Cocks|date=September 14, 1987|work=Time |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> ''Bad'' had lower sales than ''Thriller'', but was still a substantial commercial success. In the US, it spawned seven hit singles, five of which ("[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson song)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]" and "[[Dirty Diana]]") reached number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 charts, more than any other album.<ref name="A life in the spotlight — cnn">{{cite web |first=Todd |last=Leopold |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/30/jackson.life/ |title=Michael Jackson: A life in the spotlight |publisher=CNN|date=June 6, 2005|accessdate=May 5, 2008}}</ref> As of 2008, the album sold 30 million copies worldwide, including eight million shipments in the US.<ref name="RIAA certifications"/><ref name="Bad 30 million copies">{{cite news |first=Mark|last=Savage|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7448908.stm|title=Michael Jackson: Highs and lows |publisher=BBC |date=August 29, 2008|accessdate=November 25, 2008}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson's "Bad" Jacket and Belt.jpg|thumb|left|Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jacket with belt in the ''Bad'' era.]] |
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The [[Bad World Tour]] began on September 12, 1987, and finished on January 14, 1989.<ref name = "lewis 95-96"/> In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.<ref name=WashPost>{{cite news | first= Richard | last= Harrington | title= Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour |date= January 12, 1988 | work=The Washington Post | url= http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73555081.html?dids=73555081:73555081&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+12%2C+1988&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=b.03&desc=Jackson+to+Make+First+Solo+U.S.+Tour |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> Jackson broke a ''Guinness World Record'' when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]]. He performed a total of 123 concerts to a total audience of 4.4 million people, and gained a further ''Guinness World Record'' when the tour grossed him $125 million. During the trip he invited underprivileged children to watch for free and gave donations to hospitals, orphanages and other charities.<ref name = "lewis 95-96"/> |
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In 1988, Jackson released his first autobiography, ''[[Moon Walk (autobiography)|Moon Walk]]'', which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/06/27/writer_stephen_davis_remembers_michael_jackson/|title=Remembering Michael|author=Shanahan, Mark and Goldstein, Meredith|publisher=''The Boston Globe''|date=June 27, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> Jackson told of his childhood, his experience in [[The Jackson 5]] and the abuse he suffered as a child.<ref>Jackson, pp. 29–31</ref> He also spoke of his plastic surgery, saying he had two rhinoplastic surgeries and the surgical creation of a cleft in his chin.<ref name = "jackson 229-230"/> In the book, he attributed the change in the structure of his face to [[puberty]], weight loss, a strict [[vegetarian]] diet, a change in hair style and stage lighting.<ref name = "jackson 229-230"/> ''Moon Walk'' reached the top position on ''[[The New York Times]]'' best sellers' list.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 42">George, p. 42</ref> The musician then released a film called ''[[Moonwalker]]'', which featured live footage, music videos, and a feature film that starred Jackson and [[Joe Pesci]]. ''Moonwalker'' debuted atop the ''Billboard'' Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by ''Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues''.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 43-44"/> |
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In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near [[Santa Ynez, California|Santa Ynez]], [[California]] to build [[Neverland Ranch]] at a cost of $17 million. The {{convert|2700|acre|km2|sing=on}} property had [[Ferris wheel]]s, a [[menagerie]], and a [[movie theater]]. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, the property was valued at approximately $100 million.<ref name="rollingstone"/><ref name="usatoday finances">{{cite news|first=Edna |last=Gundersen |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-11-24-jackson-finances_x.htm |title=For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin |work=[[USA Today]] |date=February 19, 2007 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts was estimated at $125 million for that year alone.<ref name="World Records"/> Shortly afterwards, Jackson became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 43-44"/> |
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Jackson's success resulted in his being dubbed the "[[List of honorific titles in popular music|King of Pop]]", a nickname conceived by actress and friend [[Elizabeth Taylor]] when she presented Jackson with an "Artist of the Decade" award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul".<ref name="HIStory Booklet p3">Jackson, Michael. ''HIStory'' booklet. Sony BMG. p 3</ref><ref name="Colony">{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=admSeQqJY2Xs&refer=home|title=Michael Jackson's Neverland Loan Sold by Fortress to Colony|last=Keehner |first=Jonathan|coauthors=Mider, Zachary R. |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |date=May 11, 2008| accessdate=May 12, 2008}}</ref> President [[George H. W. Bush]] presented the singer with The White House's special "Artist of the Decade" award in recognition of Jackson's musical influence in the 1980s; Bush commended Jackson for acquiring a "tremendous following" among other achievements.<ref name=georgebush>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=18331|title=Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union |date=(April 5, 1990) |accessdate=April 8, 2007|work=The American Presidency Project}}</ref> From 1985 to 1990, Jackson donated $500,000 to the [[United Negro College Fund]], and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.<ref name="Blacks who give back">{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n5_v45/ai_8540117 |title=Blacks who give back |work=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |date=(March 1990) |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref><ref>Taraborrelli, p. 382</ref> Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at [[Sammy Davis, Jr.|Sammy Davis Jr.'s]] 60th birthday celebration received an Emmy nomination.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 43-44"/> |
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===1991–93: ''Dangerous'' and Super Bowl XXVII=== |
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In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million; a record breaking deal at the time, displacing [[Neil Diamond]]'s renewal contract with [[Columbia Records]].<ref name="usatoday finances"/> Jackson released his eighth album ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]'' in 1991. As of 2008, ''Dangerous'' has shipped 7 million copies in the U.S. and has sold 32 million copies worldwide; it is the most successful [[new jack swing]] album of all time.<ref name="RIAA certifications"/><ref name="Dangerous 32 million copies worldwide">{{cite web |title=Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle |url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/entertainment/micheal-jackson110708.html |publisher=[[Affari Italiani]] |date=August 11, 2008 |accessdate=May 10, 2009}}</ref><ref name="New jack swing">{{cite news |first=Kelley L. |last=Carter |title=New jack swing |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/arts/chi-5-things-0810aug10,0,1329158.story |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=August 11, 2008 |accessdate=August 21, 2008}}</ref> In the US, the album's first single "[[Black or White]]" was the album's biggest hit, reaching number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.<ref name="KOP achievements"/> The album's second single "[[Remember the Time]]" spent eight weeks in the top five in the US, peaking at number three on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/> In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the [[Soul Train Awards]] in a wheelchair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 459</ref> In the UK and other parts of Europe, "[[Heal the World]]" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/> |
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Jackson founded the "[[Heal the World Foundation]]" in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch, to go on theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property after he purchased it. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war and disease. The [[Dangerous World Tour]] began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 67 concerts. All profits from the concerts went to the "Heal the World Foundation", raising millions of dollars in relief.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/><ref>{{Cite news | title = Jackson to Tour Overseas | work = The Washington Post | date = February 5, 1992 | author = Harrington, Richard |accessdate = December 5, 2008}}</ref> He sold the broadcast rights to his ''Dangerous'' world tour to [[HBO]] for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 452–454</ref> Following the illness and death of [[Ryan White]], Jackson helped draw public attention to [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]], something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton Administration]] at [[Bill Clinton]]'s Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Stars line up for Clinton celebration | work = [[Daily News of Los Angeles]] | date = (January 19, 1993)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = Facing the music and the masses at the presidential gala | work = [[The Boston Globe]] | date = January 20, 1992 | author = [[Patricia Smith|Smith, Patricia]]}}</ref> |
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In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them [[Gabon]] and [[Egypt]].<ref name=Ebony>{{cite web |first= Robert| last= Johnson |url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n7_v47/ai_12288831| title= Michael Jackson: crowned in Africa |work=Ebony |month=May | year=1992 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable reception of more than 100,000 people in "spiritual bedlam", some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael".<ref name=Ebony/> In his trip to the Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.<ref name=Ebony/> He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.<ref name=Ebony/> |
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One of Jackson's most acclaimed performances came during the halftime show at [[Super Bowl XXVII]]. As the performances began, Jackson was catapulted onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvass, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for several minutes while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and began to sing and dance. His routine included four songs: "[[Jam (song)|Jam]]", "Billie Jean", "Black or White" and "Heal the World". It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show, and was viewed by 135 million Americans alone; Jackson's ''Dangerous'' album rose 90 places up the album chart.<ref name = "campbell (1995) 14-16"/> |
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Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the [[Grammy Awards of 1993|35th Annual Grammy Awards]] in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/> |
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===1993–94: Sexual abuse accusations and first marriage=== |
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{{Main|1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson}} |
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Jackson gave a 90-minute interview with [[Oprah Winfrey]] in February 1993, his first television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied previous tabloid rumors that he bought the bones of [[the Elephant Man]] or slept in a [[hyperbaric]] oxygen chamber. The entertainer went on to dispel suggestions that he bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had [[vitiligo]]. The interview was watched by an American audience of 90 million, becoming the fourth most-viewed non-sport program in U.S. history. It also increased awareness of vitiligo, a relatively unknown condition before then. ''Dangerous'' re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.<ref name = "campbell (1995) 14-16"/><ref name = "lewis 165-168"/><ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/> |
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Jackson was accused of [[child sexual abuse]] by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father Evan Chandler.<ref name = "looking back on 1993">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/24/newsid_2512000/2512077.stm |title=1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse |date=(February 8, 2003)|publisher=BBC |accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> The friendship between Jackson and Evan Chandler broke down. Sometime afterwards, Evan Chandler was tape-recorded saying amongst other things, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever...Michael's career will be over".<ref name = "tara 477-478">Taraborrelli, pp. 477–478</ref> A year after they had met, under the influence of [[sodium amytal]], a controversial [[sedative]], Jordan Chandler told his father that Jackson had touched his penis.<ref name = "tara 485-486">Taraborrelli, pp. 485–486</ref> Evan Chandler and Jackson, represented by their legal teams, then engaged in unsuccessful negotiations to resolve the issue in a financial settlement; the negotiations were initiated by Chandler but Jackson did make several counter offers. Jordan Chandler then told a psychiatrist and later police that he and Jackson had engaged in acts of kissing, [[masturbation]] and [[oral sex]], as well as giving a detailed description of what he alleged were the singer's genitals.<ref name = "tara 496-498">Taraborrelli, pp. 496–498</ref> |
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An official investigation began, with Jordan Chandler's mother adamant that there was no wrong doing on Jackson's part. Neverland Ranch was searched; multiple children and family members denied that he was a [[Pedophilia|pedophile]].<ref name = "tara 496-498"/> Jackson's image took a further turn for the worse when his older sister [[La Toya Jackson]] accused him of being a pedophile, a statement she later retracted.<ref name = "tara 534-540">Taraborrelli, pp. 534–540</ref> Jackson agreed to a 25-minute [[strip search]], conducted at his ranch. The search was required to see if a description provided by Jordan Chandler was accurate. Doctors concluded that there were some strong similarities, but it was not a definitive match.<ref name = "tara 534-540"/> Jackson made an emotional public statement on the events; he proclaimed his innocence, criticized what he perceived as biased media coverage and told of his strip search.<ref name = "looking back on 1993"/> |
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Jackson began taking [[painkiller]]s, [[Diazepam|Valium]] and [[Lorazepam|Ativan]] to help him cope with chronic pain a consequence to an accident involving the collapse of stage rigging during the Dangerous Tour and for joint inflammation from Lupus. Jackson started taking [[Alprazolam|Xanax]] for panic attacks and stress stemming from the allegations made against him of child abuse. By the fall of 1993, Jackson was addicted to the drugs.<ref name = "tara 518–520">Taraborrelli, pp. 518–520</ref> His health deteriorated to the extent that he canceled the remainder of the Dangerous World Tour and went into drug rehabilitation for a few months.<ref name = "tara 524-528">Taraborrelli, pp. 524–528</ref> The stress of the allegations also caused Jackson to stop eating, and he lost a significant amount of weight.<ref name = "tara 514-516">Taraborrelli, pp. 514–516</ref> With his health in decline, Jackson's friends and legal advisers took over his defense and finances; they called on him to settle the allegations out of court, believing that he could not endure a lengthy trial.<ref name = "tara 524-528"/><ref name = "tara 514-516"/> |
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Tabloid reaction to the allegations put Jackson in an unfavorable light.<ref name = "tara 500-507"/> Complaints about the coverage and media included everything from bias against Jackson, accepting stories of alleged criminal activity for money to accepting confidential leaked material from the police investigation in return for money paid.<ref name = "campbell (1995) 47-50">Campbell (1995), pp. 47–50</ref> On January 1, 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandler family and their legal team out of court, in a civil lawsuit for $22 million. After the settlement Jordan Chandler stopped co-operating with police regarding criminal proceedings. Jackson was never charged, and the state closed its criminal investigation, citing lack of evidence.<ref name = "tara 540-545">Taraborrelli, pp. 540–545</ref> |
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In May 1994, Jackson married singer-songwriter [[Lisa Marie Presley]], the daughter of [[Elvis Presley]]. They had first met in 1975 during one of Jackson's family engagements at the [[MGM Grand Hotel and Casino]], and were reconnected through a mutual friend in early 1993.<ref name = "tara 500-507">Taraborrelli, pp. 500–507</ref> They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Lisa Marie for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.<ref name = "tara 518–520"/> Lisa Marie explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 510</ref> In a phone call he made to her, she described him as high, incoherent and delusional.<ref name = "tara 518–520"/> Shortly afterwards, she tried to persuade Jackson to settle the allegations out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover—he subsequently did both.<ref name = "tara 518–520"/> Jackson proposed to Lisa Marie over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?".<ref name = "tara 518–520"/> Presley and Jackson married in the [[Dominican Republic]] in secrecy; the parties denied they had been married for nearly two months.<ref name="MJ & Presley divorce"/> The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life ... that was sexually active".<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 562–564</ref> At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image in light of prior sexual abuse allegations.<ref name="MJ & Presley divorce">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9601/jacko_presley/ |title=She's Out Of His Life |publisher=CNN |date=(January 18, 1996) |accessdate=July 24, 2008}}</ref> Jackson and Presley divorced less than two years later, remaining friendly.<ref name = "tara 580–581">Taraborrelli, pp. 580–581</ref> |
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===1995–99: ''HIStory'', second marriage and fatherhood=== |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson sculpture.jpg|thumb|upright|One of many identical statues, positioned throughout Europe to promote ''HIStory''. The statue illustrates the singer's flamboyant clothing and hair style, influenced by military imagery.]] |
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In 1995, Jackson merged his [[Northern Songs]] catalog with Sony's publishing division creating [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]]. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as [[List of Sony/ATV Music Publishing artists|the rights to even more songs]].<ref name = "1995 music deal"/><ref name="sonydeal">{{cite news |last=Leeds |first=Jeff |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/business/media/13music.html?ex=1302580800&en=45bff2f7a4da68fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |title=Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close| publisher=The New York Times |date=April 13, 2006 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> He then released the [[double album]] ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I]]''. The first disc, ''HIStory Begins'', was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as ''Greatest Hits – HIStory Vol. I'' in 2001, while the second disc, ''HIStory Continues'', contained 15 new songs. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 100 Albums (Page 2)|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=tblTop100&action=|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America| accessdate=April 16, 2008}}</ref> It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.<ref name="KOP achievements"/><ref name="HIStory 20 million copies">{{cite web |first=Laura |last=Putti |url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2001/08/24/il-nuovo-michael-jackson-fa-un-tuffo.html |title=Il nuovo Michael Jackson fa un tuffo nel passato |publisher=[[La Repubblica]] |date=August 24, 2001 |accessdate=May 10, 2009}}</ref> ''HIStory'' received a Grammy nomination for best album.<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/> |
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The first single released from the album was the [[double A-side]] "[[Scream/Childhood]]". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister [[Janet Jackson|Janet]]. The single had the highest debut on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50">George, pp. 48–50</ref> "[[You Are Not Alone]]" was the second single released from ''HIStory''; it holds the ''Guinness World Record'' for the first song ever to debut at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart.<ref name="World Records"/> It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/> In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress related [[panic attack]].<ref>Taraborrelli, pp. 576–577</ref> "[[Earth Song]]" was the third single released from ''HIStory'', and topped the UK singles chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/> |
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In early 1996, the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) issued a press release charging Jackson with [[antisemitism]] regarding lyrics in the song "[[They Don't Care About Us]]", the fourth single from HIStory.<ref name="adl">ADL Outraged that Michael Jackson has reinstated anti-semitic lyrics into video version of "They Don't Care About Us", http://www.adl.org/presrele/ASUS_12/2662_12.asp</ref> The song had originally been recorded with lyrics that included the phrase "Jew me, sue me", and "Kick me, kike me". The ADL complained and Jackson responded by saying he would re-record the lyrics before the album went into production. However the ADL's press release charged that Jackson had performed the song live and included the lyrics in question during the live performance.<ref name="adl"/> The dispute over the lyrics upset long-time Jackson friend [[Steven Spielberg]], who considered the song anti-semitic.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4612963.stm|title=Obituary: Michael Jackson|publisher=BBC News|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=June 28, 2009}}</ref> |
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The [[HIStory World Tour]] began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans. The show, which visited 5 continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.<ref name = "lewis 95-96">Lewis, pp. 95–96</ref> During the Australian leg of the HIStory World Tour, Jackson married [[Dermatology|dermatologist]] nurse [[Debbie Rowe|Deborah Jeanne Rowe]], who bore him two children: a son, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (also known as "Prince"), and a daughter, Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson.<ref name = "tara 580–581"/><ref>Taraborrelli, p. 597</ref> The pair first met in the mid-1980s, when Jackson was diagnosed with [[vitiligo]]. She spent many years treating his illness as well as providing emotional support. They built a strong friendship, then became romantically involved.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 570</ref> Originally there were no plans to marry, but following Rowe's first pregnancy, Jackson's mother intervened and persuaded them to do so.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 586</ref> Jackson later claimed that he was in such a rush to leave the hospital with daughter Paris in 1998 that he cut the cord and left with the baby covered in blood, taking the placenta with him in his haste.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-513206/My-life-mother-Michael-Jacksons-children-Debbie-Rowe.html|title=My life as the mother of Michael Jackson's children|publisher=Daily Mail|date=February 2, 2008|accessdate=June 29, 2009}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1999, and remained friends, with Rowe giving full custody of the children to Jackson.<ref name="tara 599-600"/> |
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In 1997, Jackson released ''[[Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix]]'', which contained remixes of hit singles from ''HIStory'' and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies as of 2007, making it the [[List of best-selling remix albums worldwide|best selling remix albums ever released]]. It reached number one in the UK, as did the [[Blood on the Dance Floor (song)|title track]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rojek |first=Chris |title=Cultural Studies |year=2007 |publisher=Polity |page=74 |isbn=0745636837}}</ref><ref name = "tara 610–611">Taraborrelli, pp. 610–612</ref> In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.<ref name="RIAA certifications"/><ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/> Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.<ref name="usatoday finances"/> |
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Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined [[Luciano Pavarotti]] for a [[benefit concert]] in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the [[non-profit organization]] [[War Child (charity)|Warchild]], and raised a million dollars for the [[1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|refugees of Kosovo]], as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.<ref name="Charity concert Italy">{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1426933/19990505/carey_mariah.jhtml |title=Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others To Join Pavarotti For Benefit |
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|publisher=VH1 |date=(May 5, 1999) |accessdate=May 30, 2008}}</ref> Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included [[Slash (musician)|Slash]], [[Scorpions (band)|The Scorpions]], [[Boyz II Men]], [[Luther Vandross]], [[Mariah Carey]], [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Prabhu Deva|Prabhu Deva Sundaram]], [[Shobana Chandrakumar]], [[Andrea Bocelli]] and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the "Nelson Mandela Children's Fund", the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]] and [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Jackson & Friends">{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1429785/19990527/guns_n_roses.jhtml |title=Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled For "Michael Jackson & Friends" |
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|publisher=VH1 |date=(May 27, 1999) |accessdate=May 30, 2008}}</ref> |
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===2000–02: Label dispute, ''Invincible'' and third child=== |
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In 2000, Jackson was listed in the book of ''Guinness World Records'' for his support of 39 charities, more than any other entertainer or personality.<ref>Lewis, pp. 8–9</ref> |
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At the time, Jackson was waiting for the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him; this allowed him to promote his old material how he liked and prevented Sony from getting a cut of the profit. Jackson expected this to occur early in the new millennium, however, due to the fine print and various clauses in the contract, this revert date is still many years away. Jackson began an investigation, and it emerged that the attorney who represented the singer in the deal was also representing Sony, creating a [[conflict of interest]].<ref name = "tara 610–611"/> Jackson was also concerned about another conflict of interest. For a number of years, Sony had been pushing to buy all of Jackson's share in their music catalog venture. If Jackson's career or financial situation were to deteriorate, he would have to sell his catalog. Thus, Sony had something to gain from Jackson's career failing.<ref name = "tara 614–617"/> Jackson was able to use these conflicts as leverage to exit his contract early.<ref name = "tara 610–611"/> Just before the release of ''[[Invincible (Michael Jackson album)|Invincible]]'', Jackson informed the head of Sony Music Entertainment, [[Tommy Mottola]], that he was leaving Sony.<ref name = "tara 610–611"/> As a result, all singles releases, video shootings and promotions concerning the ''Invincible'' album were canceled. Jackson made allegations in July 2002 that Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.<ref name = "tara 610–611"/> He charged that Mottola had called his colleague [[Irving Lorenzo|Irv Gotti]] a "fat [[nigger]]".<ref>{{cite interview |last=Jackson |first=Jermaine |subjectlink=Jermaine Jackson |interviewer=[[Connie Chung]]| title=Interview with Jermaine Jackson |date=(December 31, 2002) |program=''[[Connie Chung Tonight]]'' |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/31/cct.00.html |accessdate=July 2, 2008}}</ref> Sony disputed claims that they had failed to promote ''Invincible'' with sufficient energy, maintaining that Jackson refused to tour in the US.<ref>{{cite web|author=Burkeman, Oliver|title=Jacko gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?|publisher=The Guardian|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/08/oliverburkeman|date=July 8, 2002|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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Six years after his last studio album and after spending much of the late 1990s out of the public eye, Jackson released ''Invincible'' in October 2001 to much anticipation. To help promote the album, a special [[Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special|30th Anniversary celebration]] at Madison Square Garden occurred in September 2001 to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|author=Branigan, Tania|title=Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible|publisher=The Guardian|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/sep/08/taniabranigan|date=September 8, 2001|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> The show also featured performances by [[Mýa]], [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], [[Whitney Houston]], '[[N Sync]], and Slash, among other artists.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 50-53"/> In the wake of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], Jackson helped organize the [[United We Stand: What More Can I Give]] [[benefit concert]] at [[Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium|RFK Stadium]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] The concert was aired on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "[[What More Can I Give]]" as the finale.<ref name = "tara 614–617"/> ''Invincible'' was a commercial success, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 10 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the US.<ref name="RIAA certifications"/><ref name="KOP achievements"/><ref name = "tara 614–617">Taraborrelli, pp. 614–617</ref> However, the sales for ''Invincible'' were notably low compared to his previous releases, due in part to a diminishing pop music industry, the lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute.<ref name = "tara 614–617"/> The album spawned three singles, "[[You Rock My World]]", "[[Cry (Michael Jackson song)|Cry]]" and "[[Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)|Butterflies]]", the latter without a music video. |
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Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (also known as Blanket) was born in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/topics/michael-jackson/ |title=Michael Jackson |publisher=Daily Mirror |accessdate=May 29, 2009}}</ref> The mother's identity was never released by Jackson, but he has said the child was the result of [[artificial insemination]] from a [[Surrogacy|surrogate mother]] and his own [[Spermatozoon|sperm cells]].<ref name="tara 599-600">Taraborrelli, pp. 599–600</ref> In November of that year, Jackson brought his newborn son onto the balcony of his hotel room in [[Berlin]], as fans stood below. Holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face, Jackson briefly extended the baby over the railing of the balcony, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".<ref name="Balcony incident">{{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Vineyard |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458799/20021120/jackson_michael.jhtml |
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|title=Michael Jackson Calls Baby-Dangling Incident A 'Terrible Mistake'|publisher=MTV|date=November 20, 2002|accessdate=March 3, 2009}}</ref> |
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===2003–07: Documentary, trial and business ventures=== |
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In 2003, Sony put out a compilation of Jackson's [[Number Ones (Michael Jackson album)|hits]] on [[compact disc|CD]] and [[DVD]]. In the US, the album peaked at number 13 and was certified platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.<ref name="RIAA certifications"/><ref name="BPI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/index.asp |title=BPI Searchable database — Gold and Platinum |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]] |accessdate=January 25, 2009}}</ref> |
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In a 2003 [[Granada Television]] documentary titled ''[[Living with Michael Jackson]]'', the singer was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with [[Gavin Arvizo]], who would later accuse him of [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name = "tara 640">Taraborrelli, p. 640</ref> In the same documentary Jackson was observed spending large amounts of money in an apparently frivolous manner, including as much as $6 million in a single store.<ref name="usatoday finances"/> Shortly after the documentary aired, Jackson was charged with seven counts of [[child sexual abuse]] and two counts of [[Alcoholic beverage#United States of America|administering an intoxicating agent]] in order to commit that [[felony]]. All charges involved the same boy, Gavin Arvizo, who was under 14 at the time of the alleged crimes.<ref name = "tara 640"/> |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson fans waving posters in support of MJ.jpg|thumb|Fans showing their support for Jackson after the entertainer is accused of child molestation in 2003]] |
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[[Image:Michael Jackson2 2006.jpg|thumb|Michael Jackson with his children in [[Disneyland Paris]], 2006]] |
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Jackson denied the sexual abuse allegations, saying that the sleepovers were in no way sexual in nature. Jackson's friend [[Elizabeth Taylor]] defended him on ''[[Larry King Live]]'', saying that she had been there when they "were in the bed, watching television. There was nothing abnormal about it. There was no touchy-feely going on. We laughed like children and we watched a lot of [[Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group|Walt Disney]]. There was nothing odd about it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0605/30/lkl.01.html |title=Elizabeth Taylor defends Michael on Larry King Live |publisher=CNN |date= (May 30, 2006) |accessdate= November 11, 2006}}</ref> During the investigation, Jackson's profile was examined by mental health professional Dr. Stan Katz; the doctor spent several hours with the accuser too. The assessment made by Katz was that Jackson had become a regressed 10-year-old and did not fit the profile of a [[pedophile]].<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 648</ref> |
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The ''[[People v. Jackson]]'' trial (2005) began in [[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]], [[California]], two years after Jackson was originally charged. During this period the singer became dependent on [[morphine]] and [[Pethidine|Demerol]], a dependency which he subsequently overcame. He also suffered from stress-related illnesses and severe weight loss, that would alter his appearance. The trial lasted five months, until the end of May 2005, he was acquitted on all counts.<ref>Taraborrelli, p. 661</ref><ref name="Michael Jackson health concerns">{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Davis |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4612897.stm |title=Michael Jackson health concerns |publisher=BBC |date=June 6, 2005|accessdate=April 14, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/jackson/story/0,15819,1505806,00.html|title=Michael Jackson jury reaches verdict |agency=Associated Press|date= June 13, 2005|accessdate=July 12, 2008}}</ref> Jackson then relocated to the [[Persian Gulf]] island of [[Bahrain]] as a guest of [[Abdullah Bin Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa|Sheikh Abdullah]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Habib |last=Toumi |url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/01/23/10013403.html |title=Jackson settles down to his new life in the Persian Gulf |accessdate=November 11, 2006 |work= [[Gulf News]] |date= January 23, 2006}}</ref> |
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In 2004 Jackson appointed [[Leonard Muhammad]] ([[Nation of Islam]] Chief of Staff) as business manager.<ref>{{cite news|first=Roger|last=Friedman|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,510258,00.html|title=Claim: Jacko's Rep Threatened Harm From Nation of Islam|publisher=FOX News|date=March 24, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref><ref>John Mackie, "Vancouver Sun" June 26, 2009 Stuart Backerman (2002-2004 Jackson publicist) interview transcript, http://www.vancouversun.com/Entertainment/Transcript+John+Mackie+interview+with+Stuart+Backerman/1737792/story.html</ref> Nation of Islam members served as bodyguards for Jackson. Jackson rented his most recent residence from the Nation of Islam.<ref>{{cite news|author=Neil Sears, Julie Moult, Arthur Martin|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1196179/Michael-Jacksons-death-The-questions-answered.html|title=Michael Jackson's death: The questions still to be answered|publisher=Daily Mail|date=June 29, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> |
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Sony BMG released ''[[Visionary: The Video Singles]]'' to the European market: a series of 20 of his biggest hit singles of the 1980s and 1990s. Each single was issued weekly over a five-month period in [[DualDisc]] format (DVD video on one side, CD audio on the other), and the whole group of discs was made available as a boxed set afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mjvisionary.com/mjvisionary.html |title=M J Visionary|publisher=[[Sony BMG]]|accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> The box set was released in the U.S. on November 14, 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonymusicstore.com/store/catalog/MerchandiseDetails.jsp?selectionId=700406&sms=extsite-sony.com |title=Michael Jackson Visionary ...The Video Singles |publisher=Sony BMG |accessdate=November 14, 2006}}</ref> |
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Reports of financial problems for Jackson became frequent in 2006 after the closure of the main house on the Neverland Ranch as a cost-cutting measure.<ref>{{cite web |first=Melissa |last=McNamara |url=http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/17/people/main1414450.shtml |title=Jackson Closes Neverland House |publisher=CBS |date= March 17, 2006 |accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> One prominent financial issue for him concerned a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings. After delayed repayments on the loan, a refinancing package shifted the loans from [[Bank of America]] to debt specialists [[Fortress Investment Group|Fortress Investments]]. A new package proposed by Sony would have had Jackson borrow an additional $300 million and reduce the interest rate payable on the loan, while giving Sony the future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).<ref name="sonydeal"/> Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal, although details were not made public.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4909412.stm |title=Jackson strikes deal over loans |publisher=BBC |date=(April 14, 2006) |accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> Despite these loans, according to Forbes, Jackson was still making as much as $75 million a year from his publishing partnership with Sony alone.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Ackman|authorlink=Dan Ackman |url=http://www.forbes.com/2005/06/14/jackson-celebrity-trial-cx_da_0614topnews.html |title=Really Odd Facts About Michael Jackson |publisher=[[Forbes]] |date=May 14, 2005 |accessdate=August 20, 2008}}</ref> |
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One of Jackson's first documented public appearances since his trial was in November 2006, when he visited the [[London]] office of the ''Guinness World Records''. He received eight records, among them "First Entertainer to Earn More Than 100 Million Dollars in a Year" and "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time".<ref name="World Records"/> Jackson was awarded the [[Chopard Diamond award|Diamond Award]] on November 15, 2006, for selling over 100 million albums, at the [[World Music Awards]].<ref name="KOP achievements"/> Following the death of [[James Brown]], Jackson returned to the U.S. to pay his respects. He, along with more than 8,000 people, paid tribute during Brown's public funeral on December 30, 2006.<ref name="jb">{{cite web |first=Shaheem |last=Reid|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1549061/20061230/brown_james.jhtml |title=James Brown Saluted By Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service |publisher=MTV |date= December 30, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2006}}</ref> In late 2006, Jackson agreed to share joint custody of his first two children with ex-wife [[Debbie Rowe]].<ref name="Jackson settles with Ex wife">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5394792.stm |title=Jackson child custody battle ends |publisher=BBC |date=(September 30, 2006)|accessdate=April 16, 2008}}</ref> Jackson and Sony bought [[Famous Music|Famous Music LLC]] from [[Viacom]] in 2007. This deal gave him the rights to songs by [[Eminem]], [[Shakira]] and [[Beck]], among others.<ref name="2007 music deal">{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2007/05/31/the-police-plan-mtv-unplugged-performance-michael-jackson-buys-rights-to-eminem-tunes-and-more/ |title=Michael Jackson buys rights to Eminem tunes and more |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=(May 31, 2007) |accessdate=June 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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{{Quote|I've been in the entertainment industry since I was six-years-old... As [[Charles Dickens]] says, "It's been the best of times, the worst of times." But I would not change my career... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me.<ref>{{cite web |first=Eric |last=Talmadge |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/2007-03-08-2208485574_x.htm |title=Michael Jackson 'wouldn't change anything' |publisher=USA Today |date=2007 |accessdate=July 25, 2008}}</ref>|Michael Jackson}} |
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===2008–09: Thriller 25 and a planned return to live performance=== |
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[[Image:NeverlandRides.jpg|thumb|[[Neverland Ranch]] was Jackson's permanent residence from 1988 to 2005. Pictured is an aerial shot of the theme park area of the property.]] |
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The 25th anniversary of ''[[Thriller (album)|Thriller]]'' was marked by the release of ''[[Thriller 25]]'', which added the previously unreleased song "For All Time" and re-mixes of several songs by younger artists influenced by Jackson. The Thriller 25 package also included a DVD. Two remixes were released as singles to moderate success: "[[The Girl Is Mine#Thriller 25 version|The Girl Is Mine 2008]]" and "[[Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008]]". ''Thriller 25'' sold well as a re-issue, peaking at number one in eight countries and Europe. It reached number three in the UK and top 10 on over 30 national charts.<ref name="National certifications for Thriller 25">{{cite web |url=http://zm.nu/detalle.php?base=zmnews&lay=cgi&form=detalle&tok4=notici&tok5=Noticias&id=17840 |title=Zona Musical |publisher=zm.nu |accessdate=April 5, 2008 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Thriller 25 chart positions at digitalproducer">{{cite web |url=http://digitalproducer.digitalmedianet.com/articles/viewarticle.jsp?id=312105&afterinter=true |
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|title=Thriller the best selling album of all time |publisher=digitalproducer |date=(February 20, 2008) |accessdate=April 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Thriller 25 chart positions">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Thriller+25&cat=a |
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|title=Michael Jackson Thriller 25 |publisher=ultratop.be |accessdate=April 6, 2008}}</ref> It was ineligible for the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chart as a re-release, but entered atop the [[Top Pop Catalog Albums|Pop Catalog]] chart, where it stayed for 11 weeks and had the best sales on that chart since December 1996.<ref name="Thriller 25 US sales">{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Grein |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/7658/week-ending-may-18-2008-diva-smackdown-ends-with-ingenues-on-rise |title=Diva Smackdown |publisher=Yahoo! |date=May 18, 2008|accessdate=May 22, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Billboardbiz">{{cite news | first = Keith | last = Caulfield | title = Big Grammy Gains For Many; King of Pop Returns | url = http://billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/charts/chart_alert/e3id5388aa9b5187ee7e0bde5d5e991eb4b | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''| date = February 20, 2008 | accessdate = February 20, 2008}}</ref><ref name="US 688,000 and 11th week atop pop catalog chart"/> In 12 weeks ''Thriller 25'' sold over three million copies worldwide.<ref name="Worldwide shipments of T25">{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Friedman |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,356282,00.html#3 |
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|title=Jacko: Neverland East in Upstate New York |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=May 16, 2008|accessdate=May 22, 2008}}</ref> ''Thriller 25'' was the best-selling catalog album of 2008.<ref name="US 688,000 and 11th week atop pop catalog chart">{{cite web |first=Ray |last=Waddell |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003888626 |title=Michael Jackson Eyeing London Run? |publisher=Billboard |date=November 7, 2008 |accessdate=November 8, 2008}}</ref> As of the date of Jackson's death, the album had sold 774,000 copies in the US.<ref name= "U.S. Thriller 25 sales">{{cite web |first=Monica |last=Herrera |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/michael-jackson-king-of-billboard-s-pop-1003988140.story |title=Michael Jackson: King Of Billboard's Pop Charts|publisher=''Billboard'' |date=June 25, 2009 |accessdate=June 27, 2009 }}</ref> |
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To celebrate Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of compilation albums called ''[[King of Pop (album)|King of Pop]]'' in various countries (not including the United States.) These albums included tracks from Jackson's group and solo career, all voted for by fans. Each nation's edition of the album had a different tracklist, according to how that nation's fans voted.<ref name="KOP announced">{{cite web |url=http://www.sonybmg.com.au/news/details.do;.tomcat2?newsId=20030829005656 |title=Choose The Tracks On Michael Jackson's 50th Birthday Album! |publisher=Sony BMG |date=(June 20, 2008)|accessdate=June 20, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Song pool">{{cite web |url=http://www.mj50.com.au/ |
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|title=MJ50 - Michael Jackson |publisher=mj50.com |accessdate=June 20, 2008}}</ref> ''King of Pop'' did reach the top 10 in the vast majority of countries where it was issued. It also charted in other countries, albeit lower, from imported sales.<ref name="acharts KoP">{{cite web |url=http://acharts.us/album/37399 |title=Michael Jackson — King of Pop |publisher=acharts.us |accessdate=September 11, 2008}}</ref><ref name = "KOP chart positions at ultratop">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/search.asp?search=king+of+pop&cat=a |title=King of Pop |publisher=www.ultratop.be |accessdate=September 5, 2008}}</ref> |
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Fortress Investments considered foreclosing on [[Neverland Ranch]], which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to [[Colony Capital|Colony Capital LLC]]. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a [[joint venture]] between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned an stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it is unknown how large that stake was.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/entertainment/people/neverland-peters-out-for-pops-peter-pan/2008/11/13/1226318822205.html |title=Neverland peters out for pop's Peter Pan |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=(November 13, 2008) |accessdate=November 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>"Jacko gives up Neverland ranch deed". [[Press Association]]. (November 16, 2008).</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Susan |last=Adams |url=http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/14/michael-jackson-auction-lifestyle-collecting-michael-jackson.html |title=Ten Most Expensive Michael Jackson Collectibles |publisher=Forbes |date=April 14, 2009 |accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> |
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When he died, Jackson was about to begin [[This Is It (Michael Jackson concerts)| a series of 50 sold-out concerts]] to over one million people, at London's [[The O2 arena (London)|O<sub>2</sub> arena]], from July 13, 2009, to March 6, 2010. Following this residency, Jackson also reportedly planned to tour Europe, Asia, Australia and North America.<ref name=AAPJune28>{{cite news|author=AAP|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25702655-661,00.html|title=Michael Jackson was to tour Australia|publisher=''The Herald Sun''|date=June 28, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> During a publicity press conference, he had made suggestions of possible retirement.<ref name="Rolling Stone 50 dates, 1 million tickets">{{cite web |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/03/12/michael-jacksons-this-is-it-tour-balloons-to-50-show-run-stretching-into-2010/ |title=Michael Jackson’s “This Is It!” Tour Balloons to 50-Show Run Stretching Into 2010 |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=March 12, 2009 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of [[AEG Live]], had stated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned the singer approximately £50 million.<ref>{{cite news|first=Patrick |last=Foster |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5854735.ece |title=Michael Jackson grand finale curtain-raiser |publisher=The Times |date=March 6, 2009 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> Phillips said that the promotion company had a three-and-a-half year plan to work with Jackson, including a possible world tour, the release of new music and a 3D film based on ''Thriller''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Youngs|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7927497.stm|title=Jackson eyes $400m comeback plan|publisher=''BBC News''|date=March 6, 2009|accessdate=June 28, 2009}}</ref> AEG Live recorded one of the last rehearsals prior to his death. Jackson performing his song "They Don't Care About Us" of June 23, 2009 was released as a short clip of the footage on July 2, 2009.<ref name="Jackson Footage released">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1615242/20090702/jackson_michael.jhtml|title=Michael Jackson Concert Rehearsal Footage Emerges -- Watch It Here|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|publisher=MTV|date=July 2, 2009|accessdate=July 3, 2009}}</ref> |
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Jackson made a [[music video]], currently known as "[[Dome Project]]", in early June 2009. The video was made to be presented on stage during the ''This Is It'' tour while Jackson performed live. It is scheduled to finish post-production in mid-July 2009.<ref name="LAT1">{{cite news |url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/06/michael-jackson-news-863925174-story-article-.html |title=Michael Jackson might win another Grammy for best video |author =[[Tom O'Neil]] |publisher= ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' |date= June 29, 2009 |accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref><ref name="AP1">{{cite news |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jRg37cgg0-mEAX5cdx48aMi2calgD994OTK00|title=Jackson wrapped video before death |author =Michael R. Blood |publisher= ''[[Associated Press]]'' |date= June 30, 2009 |accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> |
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===2009: Death=== |
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{{Main|Death of Michael Jackson}} |
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On June 25, 2009, Jackson collapsed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the [[Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California|Holmby Hills]] area of [[Los Angeles]]. Attempts at resuscitating him by his personal physician were unsuccessful.<ref name="Times6580897">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6580897.ece|title=Fans mourn artist for whom it didn’t matter if you were black or white|first=Michael|last=Harvey|publisher=The Times|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=June 26, 2009}}</ref> [[Los Angeles Fire Department]] paramedics received a [[9-1-1|911]] call at 12:22 p.m. ([[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]]), arriving three minutes and seventeen seconds later at Jackson's location.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8121884.stm|title=Los Angeles Fire Department recording of the emergency phone call made from Michael Jackson's home|publisher=BBC|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=June 27, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090626/ap_en_mu/us_michael_jackson911_transcript|title=Transcript of 911 call|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=June 27, 2009}}</ref> He was reportedly not breathing and [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] was performed.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31552029?gt1=43001|title=Singer Michael Jackson dead at 50-Legendary pop star had been preparing for London comeback tour|publisher=MSNBC|date=June 25, 2009|accessdate=June 25, 2009}}</ref> Resuscitation efforts continued both en route to the [[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center]], and for an hour further after arriving at approximately 1:13 p.m. (20:13 UTC).<ref name="Times6580897"/> He was noted to have been in [[cardiac arrest]] by the paramedics who attended him at his house.<ref name="MSNBC" /> Jackson was pronounced dead at approximately 2:26 p.m. local time (21:26 UTC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5643916/Michael-Jackson-King-of-Pop-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-in-Los-Angeles.html|title=Michael Jackson, King of Pop, dies of cardiac arrest in Los Angeles|publisher=Telegraph.co.uk|first=Matthew|last=Moore|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=June 27, 2009}}</ref><ref name ="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE55O6AK20090626|title=King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official|first=Bob|last=Tourtellotte|publisher=Reuters|date=June 25, 2009|accessdate=June 25, 2009}}</ref> Rumors and news of Jackson's death broke web records, triggering a cyberspace [[Jackson effect|traffic jam]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-06-26-jackson-web-traffic_N.htm|title=News of Jackson death breaks Web records|first=Jack|last=Gillum|publisher=USA Today|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> and creating severe traffic spikes to websites such as [[Google]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9134896&intsrc=news_ts_head|title=Michael Jackson's death sparks Internet crush|publisher=Computerworld|first=Sharon|last=Gaudin|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> [[Facebook]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2349422,00.asp|title=Jackson's Death Prompts Record Traffic for Yahoo|publisher=PC Magazine|first=Chloe|last=Albanesius|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> [[Twitter]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.icm.ac.uk/technology/google-twitter-crash-at-news-of-jackson%E2%80%99s-death/2322/|title=Google & Twitter crash at news of Jackson’s death|publisher=''[[Institute of Commercial Management]]''|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> and [[Wikipedia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2009/06/current-events/|accessdate=30 June 2009|date=25 June 2009|title=Current events and traffic spikes|publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Vigils were held by members of the general public after the death.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jCguZxNeqLl4R-fKr5ZuuyVYw54wD9930DKG0|title=Fans moonwalk, hold worldwide vigils for Jackson|first=Lisa J.|last=Adams|publisher=Google, The Associated Press|date=June 27, 2009|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref> |
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==Musical style and performance== |
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===Themes and genres=== |
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Steve Huey of [[Allmusic]] said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.<ref name=allmusic/> As a musician, he ranged from [[Motown Records|Motown's]] dance fare and ballads to [[techno]]-edged [[new jack swing]] to work that incorporates both [[funk]] rhythms and [[hard rock]] guitar.<ref name="rollingstone"/> Michael, himself, stated at his pre-release party for his Off The Wall album that [[Little Richard]] had a "huge influence" on him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/39Michael-Jackson-saved-my-life39.5407768.jp|publisher=scarborougheveningnews.co.uk|title=Michael Jackson saved my life|accessdate=June 28, 2009}}</ref> |
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Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder; when recording he would sing from memory.<ref name = "tara 205–210"/><ref name="Thriller cast interview">{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Lyle |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/11/25/sv_thriller.xml |title=Michael Jackson's Monster Smash |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=November 25, 2007|accessdate=April 20, 2008}}</ref> Several critics observed ''Off the Wall'' was crafted from funk, disco-pop, [[Soul music|soul]], [[soft rock]], [[jazz]] and [[pop music|pop]] ballads.<ref name=allmusic/><ref name="AMG OTW">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A7cu1z85ajyv6 |title=Off the Wall Overview |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="RS OTW">{{cite news|first=Stephen |last=Holden |authorlink=Stephen Holden|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/259585/review/6067502/off_the_wall |title=Off the Wall : Michael Jackson |work=Rolling Stone |date=November 1, 1979 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> Prominent examples include the ballad "[[She's out of My Life]]", and the two disco tunes "Workin' Day and Night" and "Get on the Floor".<ref name="AMG OTW"/> |
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According to Huey, ''Thriller'' refined the strengths of ''Off the Wall''; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.<ref name=allmusic/> Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "[[The Girl Is Mine]]"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "[[Wanna Be Startin' Somethin']]"; and the disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "[[P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)]]".<ref name=allmusic/><ref name="Slant Thriller">{{cite web |first=Eric |last=Henderson |url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=358 |
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|title=Michael Jackson:Thriller |publisher=[[Slant Magazine]] |date=2003 |accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="AMG Thriller"/><ref name="RS Thriller"/> With ''Thriller'', Christopher Connelly of ''Rolling Stone'' commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of [[paranoia]] and darker imagery.<ref name="RS Thriller"/> Allmusic's [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".<ref name="AMG Thriller">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A9kqog44ttvjz |title=Thriller Overview |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref> In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.<ref name=allmusic/> In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.<ref name="RS Thriller">{{cite news |first=Christopher |last=Connelly |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/michaeljackson/albums/album/303823/review/6067536/thriller |title=Michael Jackson : Thriller |work=Rolling Stone |date=January 28, 1983 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> The anti-gang violence rock song "Beat It" became a homage to ''[[West Side Story]]'', and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.<ref name="rollingstone"/><ref name=allmusic/> He also observed that the title track "[[Thriller (song)|Thriller]]" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the [[supernatural]], a topic he revisited in subsequent years.<ref name=allmusic/> In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "[[We Are the World]]"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.<ref name=allmusic/> |
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{{Listen |
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|filename = Michael Jackson Thriller.ogg |
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|title = "Thriller" |
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|description = One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 23"/> |
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|filename2 = Smooth Criminal by Michael Jackson.ogg |
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|title2 = "Smooth Criminal" |
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|description2 = A single from the album ''Bad'', released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 24"/> |
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}} |
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In ''Bad'', Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "[[Dirty Diana]]".<ref name="NYT Bad">{{cite news|first=Jon |last=Pareles |authorlink=Jon Pareles|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DC1F38F930A3575AC0A961948260&scp=5&sq=Michael+Jackson+Bad+review&st=nyt |
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|title=How good is Jackson's Bad? |work=The New York Times |date=September 3, 1987 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> The lead single "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]" was a traditional love ballad, while "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution, improved on his earlier "We Are the World".<ref name="TIME2"/> "[[Smooth Criminal]]" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.<ref name="TIME2"/> Allmusic's [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] states that ''Dangerous'' presents Jackson as a stark paradoxical individual.<ref name="ALG Dangerous">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine |authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:0hrsa9igb23u |title=Dangerous Overview |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref> He comments the album is more diverse than his previous ''Bad'', as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "[[Heal the World]]".<ref name="ALG Dangerous"/> The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "[[Jam (song)|Jam]]" and "[[Remember the Time]]".<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, [[AIDS]], homelessness and drugs.<ref name="NYT Dangerous">{{cite news|first=Jon |last=Pareles|authorlink=Jon Pareles |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2D6143DF937A15752C1A967958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fJ%2fJackson%2c%20Michael |title=Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness |work=The New York Times |date=November 24, 1991 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> ''Dangerous'' contains sexually charged efforts like "[[In the Closet]]", a love song about desire and denial, risk and repression, solitude and connection, privacy and revelation.<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "[[Will You Be There]]", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson finally opening up about various personal struggles and worries.<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> In the ballad "[[Gone Too Soon]]", Jackson gives tribute to his friend [[Ryan White]] and the plight of those with AIDS.<ref name="TWP Dangerous">{{Cite news | title = Jackson's `Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years | work = The Washington Post | date = November 24, 1991 | author = Harrington, Richard |accessdate = July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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''HIStory'' creates an atmosphere of paranoia.<ref name="ALG HIStory">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine |authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|url=http://www.allmusicguide.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:rz60tr7qklkx |title=Michael Jackson HIStory Overview |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref> Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "[[You Are Not Alone]]", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.<ref name="RS HIStory">{{cite news|first=James |last=Hunter |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/michaeljackson/albums/album/312830/review/5943497/history_past_present_and_future_book_1 |
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|title=Michael Jackson HIStory |work=Rolling Stone |date=August 10, 1995 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> In the introspective ballad "[[Stranger in Moscow]]", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "[[Earth Song]]", "[[Scream/Childhood|Childhood]]", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.<ref name="ALG HIStory"/><ref name="RS HIStory"/> In the track "[[D.S. (song)|D.S.]]", Jackson launched a verbal attack against [[Tom Sneddon]]. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not — shall we say — done him the honor of listening to it, but I’ve been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".<ref name="Sneddon profile">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndaa.org/ndaa/profile/tom_sneddon_jan_feb_2003.html |title=Thomas W. (Tom) Sneddon, Jr. |
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|publisher=ndaa.org |accessdate=July 12, 2008}}</ref> ''Invincible'' found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|last=Huey|first=Steve|title=Michael Jackson — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:kifuxqe5ldae~T1 |publisher=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> It is a record made up of urban soul like "[[Cry (Michael Jackson song)|Cry]]" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "[[Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)|Butterflies]]" and mixes [[hip hop]], pop and [[Rapping|rap]] in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".<ref name="ALG Invincible">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |url=http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A0dq5g4hptv8z |title=Michael Jackson :Invincible |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate=September 9, 2007}}</ref><ref name="NME Invincible">{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Beaumont |url=http://www.nme.com/reviews/michael-jackson/5780|title=Michael Jackson :Invincible |work=[[NME]] |date=November 30, 2001 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> |
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===Vocal style=== |
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Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably, either through puberty or a personal preference to align his vocal interpretation to the themes and genres he chose to express. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice "descended ever so slightly from boy soprano to his current androgynous high tenor".<ref name = "brac 414">Brackett, pp. 414</ref> In early 1973, the singer adopted a "vocal hiccup", first heard in the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from [[the Jackson 5]]'s ''[[G.I.T.: Get It Together]]'' album.<ref>''The Complete Guide To The Music of Michael Jackson & The Jackson Family'' by Geoff Brown. 164 pages, Omnibus Press</ref> Jackson did not employ the hiccup fully until the recording of ''[[Off the Wall (album)|Off the Wall]]''; its usage can be seen in full force in the "[[Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)]]" promotional video. The purpose of the hiccup—somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping—was to help promote a certain emotion, be it excitement, sadness or fear.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 22"/> With the arrival of ''Off the Wall'' in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded; Allmusic described him as a "blindingly gifted vocalist".<ref name="AMG OTW"/> At the time, ''Rolling Stone'' compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of [[Stevie Wonder]]. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling [[falsetto]] that's used very daringly".<ref name="RS OTW"/> 1982 saw the release of ''Thriller'', and ''Rolling Stone'' were of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".<ref name="RS Thriller"/> |
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{{Listen |help = no |filename = Michael Jackson - Black Or White.ogg |title = Michael Jackson - "Black or White" |description = The lead single from ''Dangerous'', "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful songs. The single is described by Sony Music as a [[hard rock]] song.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonybmg.com.au/cd/releaseDetails.do?catalogueNo=5044242000 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20051204230345/http://www.sonybmg.com.au/cd/releaseDetails.do?catalogueNo=5044242000 |archivedate=2005-12-04 |title=Dangerous Review |publisher=Sony Music Entertainment |accessdate=August 27, 2008}}</ref> The track contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.}} |
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The release of "Bad" in 1987 displayed gritty lead vocals on the verse and lighter tones employed on the chorus.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 23"/> A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelt "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rory |last=Lewarne |url=http://www.music-news.com/ShowReview.asp?nReviewID=363&nType=4 |title=Pink Grease |publisher=Music News |date=July 26, 2004 |accessdate=August 10, 2008}}</ref> The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album ''Dangerous''; here Jackson used his vocals to intensify the split themes and genres described earlier. ''The New York Times'' noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.<ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> "In the Closet" contained heavy breathing and a loop of five scat-sung syllables, whereas in the album's title track, Jackson performs a spoken rap.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 24">George, p. 24</ref><ref name="NYT Dangerous"/> When commenting on ''Invincible'', ''Rolling Stone'' were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed, "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".<ref name="RS Invincible">{{cite web |first=James |last=Hunter |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/michaeljackson/albums/album/301517/review/5945685/invincible |title=Michael Jackson: Invincible |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=December 6, 2001 |accessdate=July 20, 2008}}</ref> Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".<ref name = "Nelson George overview 24"/> |
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===Music videos and choreography=== |
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{{Quote|Consciousness expresses itself through creation. This world we live in is the dance of the creator. Dancers come and go in the twinkling of an eye but the dance lives on. On many an occasion, when I am dancing, I have felt touched by something sacred. In those moments, I felt my spirit soar and become one with everything that exists. I become the stars and the moon. I become the lover and the beloved. I become the victor and the vanquished. I become the master and the slave. I become the singer and the song. I become the knower and the known. I keep on dancing and then, it is the eternal dance of creation. The creator and the creation merge into one wholeness of joy. I keep on dancing...until there is only...the dance.<ref>Jackson 1992, 2</ref><ref>"[http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Arts:%20Music/1978.htm Essay, Research Paper: Michael Jackson]"</ref>|Michael Jackson, in ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]''}} |
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Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the [[music video]] into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|last=Huey|first=Steve|title=Michael Jackson — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:kifuxqe5ldae~T1 |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=November 11, 2006}}</ref> According to director [[Vincent Paterson]], who collaborated with the singer on several music videos, Jackson conceptualized many of the darker, bleak themes in his filmography.<ref name = "overview of paterson">{{cite web |first=David |last=Noh |url=http://gaycitynews.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17007818&BRD=2729&PAG=461&dept_id=568864&rfi=8 |title=Choreographer Supreme |publisher=[[Gay City News]] |date=January 26, 2006 |accessdate=January 13, 2009}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Smooth criminal patent.png|thumb|left|{{Cite patent|US|5255452}}, filed by Jackson, described the [[Smooth Criminal#Anti-gravity lean|anti-gravity lean]] used in the music video for "[[Smooth Criminal]]".]] |
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Before ''Thriller'', Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV because he was African American.<ref name=blender>{{cite web |url=http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=1777 |title=Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean" |date=October 2005 |accessdate=April 11, 2007 |work=[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]}}</ref> Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.<ref name="Jackson changes the rules of the music video">{{cite news |first=Edna |last=Gundersen |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2005-08-25-mtv_x.htm |title=Music videos changing places |work=USA Today |date=August 25, 2005 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> The popularity of his videos on [[MTV]] helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.<ref name="Jackson changes the rules of the music video"/><ref name=ABCNews>{{cite web |first=Bryan |last=Robinson |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/LegalCenter/story?id=464753&page=1|title=Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted? |publisher=ABC News |date=February 23, 2005 |accessdate=April 6, 2007}}</ref> Short films like ''[[Thriller (music video)|Thriller]]'' largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.<ref name="The Thriller Special Edition Audio">Jackson, Michael. ''Thriller Special Edition'' Audio.</ref> The choreography in ''Thriller'' has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from [[Cinema of India|Indian films]] to [[Thriller (viral video)|prisons in the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6917318.stm|title=Philippine jailhouse rocks to Thriller |publisher=BBC |date=(July 27, 2007) |accessdate=April 11, 2009}}</ref> The ''Thriller'' short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the ''Guinness World Records''.<ref name="World Records"/> |
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In the 19-minute music video for "[[Bad (Michael Jackson song)|Bad]]"—directed by [[Martin Scorsese]]—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. While he has described this as "choreography," it garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; ''Time'' magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured [[Wesley Snipes]]; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.<ref name = "tara 370–373"/><ref name="Who's Bad? TIME">{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Corliss|authorlink=Richard Corliss |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979177,00.html?internalid=ACA |title=Who's Bad? |publisher=Time |date=September 6, 1993|accessdate=April 23, 2008}}</ref> For "[[Smooth Criminal]]", Jackson experimented with an innovative "anti-gravity lean" in his performances, for which he was granted U.S. Patent No. 5,255,452.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/patents?vid=5255452|title=U.S. Patent 5,255,452; "Method and Means For Creating Anti-Gravity Illusion"; Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins, issued Oct 26, 1993, Filed June 29, 1992}}</ref> Although the music video for "[[Leave Me Alone]]" was not officially released in the US, in 1989, it was nominated for four ''Billboard'' Music Video Awards, winning three; the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for [[Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video|Best Music Video, Short Form]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 43-44">George, pp. 43–44</ref> |
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The [[MTV Video Vanguard Award|MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award]] was given to Jackson to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; the following year the award was renamed in his honor.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46">George, pp. 45–46</ref> "[[Black or White]]" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video.<ref name="KOP achievements"/> It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.<ref name="''Dangerous'' on Film">Michael Jackson ''Dangerous'' on Film VHS/DVD</ref> Along with Jackson, it featured [[Macaulay Culkin]], [[Peggy Lipton]] and [[George Wendt]]. It helped usher in [[morphing]] as an important technology in music videos.<ref>Campbell (1993), p. 303</ref> |
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[[Image:Michaeljanetscream.jpg|thumb|Jackson and sister Janet angrily retaliate against the media for misrepresenting them to the public. The acclaimed video for "Scream" was shot primarily in black and white, and at a cost of $7 million.]] |
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"[[Remember the Time]]" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in [[ancient Egypt]], it featured groundbreaking [[visual effects]] and appearances by [[Eddie Murphy]], [[Iman (model)|Iman]] and [[Magic Johnson]], along with a distinct complex dance routine.<ref>Campbell (1993), pp. 313–314</ref> The video for "[[In the Closet]]" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel [[Naomi Campbell]] in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 45-46"/> |
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The music video for "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]", directed by [[Mark Romanek]] and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 [[MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Award Nominations]]—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".<ref name="TCI">{{Cite book |last=Boepple |first= Leanne |title = Scream: space odyssey Jackson-style.(video production; Michael and Janet Jackson video) | page = 52 |volume=29 | publisher = Theatre Crafts International | date = November 1, 1995 |issn=1063-9497}}</ref> The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bark |first= Ed |title = Michael Jackson Interview Raises Questions, Answers | page = 06E | publisher = [[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] | date = June 26, 1995}}</ref> A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards ''Guinness World Records'' listed it as the [[List of most expensive music videos|most expensive music video ever made]] at a cost of $7 million.<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/><ref>''Guinness World Records 2006''</ref> |
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"[[Earth Song]]" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars ends, and the forests re-grow.<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/><ref name="''HIStory'' on Film volume II">Michael Jackson ''HIStory'' on Film volume II VHS/DVD</ref> Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 [[Cannes Film Festival]], ''[[Ghosts (Michael Jackson film)|Ghosts]]'' was a short film written by Jackson and [[Stephen King]] and directed by [[Stan Winston]]. The video for ''Ghosts'' is over 38 minutes long and holds the ''Guinness World Record'' as the world's longest music video.<ref name = "Ultimate booklet 48–50"/><ref name = "tara 610–611"/><ref>Lewis, pp. 125–126</ref><ref>''Guinness World Records 2004''</ref> |
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==Legacy and influence== |
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{{See also|Records and achievements of Michael Jackson|List of awards received by Michael Jackson}} |
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[[Image:MJ Star.jpg|thumb|Jackson's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], set in 1984]] |
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Jackson had a notable impact on music and culture throughout the world. He broke down racial barriers, transformed the art of the music video and paved the way for modern pop music in his own country. Jackson's work, distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[pop music|pop]] and [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] artists, including [[Mariah Carey]],<ref name=rollingstone>{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5940053/35_michael_jackson|title=Michael Jackson|accessdate=March 6, 2007 |publisher=Rollingstone.com}}</ref> [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]],<ref name=CNN>{{cite news |first=Rosemary |last=Jean-Louis |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/01/usher/|title=Usher, Usher, Usher: The new 'King of Pop'? |publisher=CNN |date= November 1, 2004|accessdate=March 6, 2007}}</ref> [[Britney Spears]],<ref name=rollingstone/> [[Justin Timberlake]]<ref name = "tara 614–617"/> and [[R. Kelly]].<ref name = "Nelson George overview 24"/> For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.<ref name="ADL">{{cite web |url=http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASUS_12/2471_12.asp |title=ADL happy with Michael Jackson decision |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |date=(June 22, 1995) |accessdate=July 1, 2008}}</ref> |
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Michael Jackson was inducted onto the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 1984. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the [[World Music Awards]]' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the [[American Music Award]]'s Artist of the Century Award and the [[Bambi (prize)|Bambi]] Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 50-53">George, pp. 50–53</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/2002/11/22/michaeljackson/ |title=Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin |accessdate=November 11, 2006 |work=[[Hello!]] |date= (November 22, 2002) |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> He was a double-inductee of the [[Inductees of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame#2001|Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also an inductee of the [[Inductees of the Songwriters Hall of Fame#J|Songwriters Hall of Fame]] in 2002.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 50-53"/> His awards include multiple ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' (eight in 2006 alone), 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, 13 [[List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)#J|number one singles]] in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era—and the sale of over 800 million records worldwide, making him the world's best selling male solo pop artist.<ref name="worldwidesales"/><ref name = "MJ Grammy's"/><ref name="World Records">{{cite web |url=http://uk.news.launch.yahoo.com/dyna/article.html?a=/14112006/344/jackson-receives-world-records.html&e=l_news_dm |title=Jackson receives his World Records |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] |date= (November 14, 2006) |accessdate=November 16, 2006}}</ref><ref name="KOP achievements">{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15529981/ |title=The return of the King of Pop |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |date=(November 2, 2006) |accessdate=June 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/most-no1s-overall.shtml |title=Most No. 1s By Artist (All-Time) |publisher=Billboard |accessdate=September 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Lee |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-michael-jackson31-2009may31,0,1441957.story|title=To this financier, Michael Jackson is an undervalued asset |publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 31, 2009| accessdate=May 31, 2009}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079012-0026, Berlin, Michael Jackson-Konzert, Wartende.jpg|thumb|Queues for a Michael Jackson concert in [[West Berlin]] in June 1988]] |
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He was characterized as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the tools to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".<ref name=allmusic /> In the mid-1980s, ''Time'' described Jackson as "the hottest single phenomenon since [[Elvis Presley]]".<ref name=TIME/> By 1990, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' had already cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.<ref name = "Nelson George overview 43-44"/> ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' writer [[Tom Utley]] called him an "extremely important figure in the history of popular culture" and a "genius".<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2003/02/08/do0801.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2003/02/08/ixopinion.html |author=[[Tom Utley|Utley, Tom]] |title=Of course Jackson's odd — but his genius is what matters |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |date=March 8, 2003 |accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> In late 2007, Jackson said the following of his work and future influence, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."<ref>{{cite news |first=Bryan |last=Monroe |title=Michael Jackson in His Own Words |format=Print/Magazine |publisher=[[Ebony]] |date=December 2007}}</ref> |
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His total lifetime earnings from [[royalties]] on his solo recordings and music videos, revenue from concerts and endorsements have been estimated at $500 million; some analysts have speculated that his music catalog holdings could be worth billions of dollars.<ref name="usatoday finances"/><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,155356,00.html | title = Witness: Jacko Lived Way Above Means | publisher = Fox News Channel| date = (May 3, 2005) | accessdate = May 30, 2007}}</ref> As one of the world's most famous men, Jackson's highly publicized personal life, coupled with his [[Records and achievements by Michael Jackson|successful career]], made him a part of [[popular culture]] for four decades.<ref name="KOP achievements"/><ref name="BBC Tom sneddon">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/4216779.stm |title=Tom Sneddon: Dogged prosecutor |publisher=BBC |date=(January 31, 2005) |accessdate=August 14, 2008}}</ref> |
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==Discography== |
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{{Main|Michael Jackson album discography|Michael Jackson singles discography}} |
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{{See also|Jackson 5 discography}} |
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* ''[[Got to Be There]]'' (1972) |
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* ''[[Ben (album)|Ben]]'' (1972) |
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* ''[[Music & Me]]'' (1973) |
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* ''[[Forever, Michael]]'' (1975) |
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* ''[[Off the Wall (album)|Off the Wall]]'' (1979) |
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* ''[[Thriller (album)|Thriller]]'' (1982) |
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* ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987) |
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* ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991) |
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* ''[[HIStory]]'' (1995) |
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* ''[[Invincible (Michael Jackson album)|Invincible]]'' (2001) |
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==See also== |
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<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> |
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* [[List of awards received by Michael Jackson]] |
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* [[List of best-selling music artists]] |
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* [[List of Michael Jackson tours]] |
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* [[Michael Jackson videography]] |
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* [[Records and achievements of Michael Jackson]] |
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* [[Peter Pan syndrome]] |
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</div> |
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==Notes== |
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{{refs|2}}<!-- Please leave in 2-column mode for readability at all screen resolutions --> |
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==References== |
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* {{cite book|last=Brackett|first=Nathan|authorlink=Nathan Brackett|coauthors=Christian Hoard|title=[[Rolling Stone Album Guide]]|publisher=Fireside|year=2004|isbn=0-7432-0169-8}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Lisa|title=Michael Jackson: The King of Pop|publisher=Branden|year=1993|isbn=082831957X}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Lisa|title=Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour|publisher=Branden|year=1995|isbn=0828320039}} |
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* [[Nelson George|George, Nelson]] (2004). ''[[Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection]]'' booklet. [[Sony BMG]]. |
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* {{cite book |last=Guinness World Records |title=Guinness World Records 2004 |year=2003 |publisher=Guinness |isbn=1892051206}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Guinness World Records |title=Guinness World Records 2006 |year=2005 |publisher=Guinness |isbn=1-904994-02-4}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Michael |title=[[Moon Walk (autobiography)|Moon Walk]] |year=1988 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0385247125}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Jel |title=Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture : the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews! |year = 2005 |publisher=Amber Books Publishing|isbn=0-974977-90-X}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Taraborrelli |first=J. Randy |authorlink=J. Randy Taraborrelli |title=The Magic and the Madness |year=2004 |publisher=Headline |location=Terra Alta, WV |isbn=0-330-42005-4}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book|last=Dineen|first=Catherine|title=Michael Jackson: In His Own Words|publisher=[[Omnibus Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0711932166}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Grant |first=Adrian |title=Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary |year=1994, 1997, 2002 and 2005 |publisher=[[Omnibus Press]] |isbn=1-84449-432-2}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Michael |title=Moonwalk |year= 1988|publisher=Doubleday |pages=143–144 |isbn=0-434-37042-8}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Michael |title=Dancing the Dream |year=1992 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0-385-40368-2}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Michael |title=My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1 |year=2006 |publisher=Triumph International |isbn=0-9768891-1-0}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Bob|title=Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask|publisher=Select Books Inc|year=2005|isbn=1590790723}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Noonan |first=Damien |title=Michael Jackson |format= Audio book |year= 1994|publisher=Carlton Books |isbn=1-85797-587-1}} |
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==External links== |
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{{sisterlinks|n=Category:Michael Jackson|commons=Category:Michael Jackson|wikt=no|v=no|b=no|s=no}} |
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* {{offical|http://www.michaeljackson.com}} |
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* {{Discogs artist|artist=Michael+Jackson}} |
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* [http://www.healtheworld.us/members/htwf Heal the World Foundation], Jackson's charitable organization |
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* [http://www.wikitree.org/index.php?title=Michael_Jackson&tree=tab&action=purge Michael Jackson's Family Tree] |
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* {{imdb name|name=Michael Jackson|id=0001391}} |
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* [http://www.allmovie.com/artist/michael-jackson-95684 Michael Jackson] at [[Allmovie]] |
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* {{amg|label=Michael Jackson|id=11:m7uvad8kv8w5}} |
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* [http://rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=1141 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame page on Michael Jackson] |
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* {{dmoz|Arts/Music/Bands_and_Artists/J/Jackson,_Michael/|Michael Jackson}} |
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{{Persondata |
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|NAME=Jackson, Michael Joseph |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Jackson, Michael Joe; Jackson, Michael J. |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Singer |
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|DATE OF BIRTH=August 29, 1958 |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], [[United States]] |
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|DATE OF DEATH=June 25, 2009 |
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|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]] |
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[[ta:மைக்கல் ஜாக்சன்]] |
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[[te:మైకల్ జాక్సన్]] |
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[[th:ไมเคิล แจ็กสัน]] |
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[[tg:Майкл Ҷексон]] |
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[[tr:Michael Jackson]] |
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[[uk:Майкл Джексон]] |
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[[ur:مائیکل جیکسن]] |
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[[ug:مايكېل جېكسۇن]] |
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[[vi:Michael Jackson]] |
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[[vls:Michael Jackson (zanger)]] |
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[[war:Michael Jackson]] |
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[[wuu:米口 积克森]] |
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[[yi:מייקל זשעקסאן]] |
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[[yo:Michael Jackson]] |
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[[zh-yue:米高積遜]] |
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[[diq:Michael Jackson]] |
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[[bat-smg:Maiklos Džeksuons]] |
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[[zh:迈克尔·杰克逊]] |
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Revision as of 04:31, 4 July 2009
His heart just couldn't it beat it.
His death wasn't much of a thriller, he looked at the man in the mirror.
He died as easy as one, two, three ABC.
He was born a poor black boy and died a rich, white woman.