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University of Detroit Mercy

Coordinates: 42°24′51″N 83°08′17″W / 42.41411°N 83.137922°W / 42.41411; -83.137922
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University of Detroit Mercy
Former names
Detroit College (1877–1911)
University of Detroit (1911–1990)
Mercy College of Detroit (1941–1990)
MottoAd maiorem Dei gloriam (Latin)
Maria, Sedes Sapientiae (Latin)
Motto in English
For the greater glory of God;
Mary, Seat of Wisdom
TypePrivate university
Established1877; 147 years ago (1877)
Religious affiliation
Roman Catholic
(Jesuit / Sisters of Mercy)
Academic affiliations
AJCU, ACCU, NAICU
Endowment$100 million (2024)[1]
PresidentDonald B. Taylor
Academic staff
326 full-time, 310 part-time
Students5,360 (Fall 2022)[2]
Undergraduates2,322
Postgraduates2,204
Other students
834 (non-degree seeking)
Location
Detroit, Michigan
,
United States
CampusUrban, 91 acres (36.8 ha)
  • McNichols Campus
    4001 W. McNichols Road
    (undergraduate and graduate programs, main administration and athletic facilities, six student residence halls)
  • Riverfront Campus
    651 East Jefferson downtown Detroit
    (School of Law)
  • Corktown Campus
    2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard
    (School of Dentistry and Dental Clinic since 2008)
  • Novi Campus
    41555 W 12 Mile Road, Novi
Colors    Blue, red, white[3]
NicknameTitans
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I:
Horizon League, NEC,
MAC, Central Collegiate Fencing Conference
MascotTommy Titan
Websitewww.udmercy.edu

The University of Detroit Mercy is a private Catholic university in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is sponsored by both the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy. The university was founded in 1877 and is the largest Catholic university in Michigan. It has four campuses where it offers more than 100 academic degree programs.

In athletics, the university sponsors 17 NCAA Division I sports for men and women. It is a member of the Horizon League.

History

[edit]

University of Detroit Mercy's origin dates back to 1877 with the founding of Detroit College near Detroit's downtown, by the Society of Jesus, under the leadership of John Baptist Miège, S.J. The college became the University of Detroit in 1911,[4][5] and in 1927 John P. McNichols, the then-president of the University of Detroit, established a second campus that ended up being known by its Spanish architecture and large elm trees. In 1941, the Sisters of Mercy opened Mercy College of Detroit. Both schools saw a great deal of success and developed many distinguished alumni.

Notable alumni include political and business leaders such as U.S. senator Gary Peters and former Ford COO Jim Padilla, both from the University of Detroit. In 1990, despite some opposition, these two institutions consolidated to become University of Detroit Mercy. Since the merger, the university has produced the likes of actor Keegan-Michael Key and news anchor Allison Payne.

The school appointed Donald Taylor as its 26th president in July 2022.[6]

Colleges and campuses

[edit]

The University of Detroit Mercy comprises seven colleges and schools: School of Architecture and Community Development, College of Business Administration, School of Dentistry, College of Engineering & Science, College of Health Professions/McAuley School of Nursing, School of Law, and the College of Humanities, Arts & Social Sciences.

Aside from Detroit Mercy's own campuses, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs at Macomb University Center[7] in Clinton Township, Michigan. Detroit Mercy has also partnered with Aquinas College and St. Mary Mercy Hospital in Grand Rapids, Michigan to offer a Nursing prelicensure program.[8]

A former campus at 8200 West Outer Drive in Detroit was home to Mercy College of Detroit from 1941 until consolidation in 1990.[9] As part of University of Detroit Mercy, the Outer Drive Campus hosted Detroit Mercy's Dentistry Clinic starting in 1997.[10] The college agreed to sell the Outer Drive Campus to WCCCD in 2003,[11] and the Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry and Clinic moved to the Corktown Campus in January 2008.[12]

Campuses

[edit]

The university has three campuses in the city of Detroit and one in Novi, northwest of Detroit.

McNichols Campus

[edit]

The campus is at 4001 W. McNichols Road, on the southeast corner of McNichols Road and Livernois Avenue, in northwest Detroit (near the University District, Pilgrim Village and Palmer Woods neighborhoods). The majority of the university's undergraduate and graduate programs are offered on this campus, as well as the university's main administration and athletic facilities like Calihan Hall. It is also the location of all six student residence halls.

Riverfront Campus

[edit]

The campus is home to the School of Law in downtown Detroit at 651 East Jefferson (across from the Renaissance Center).

Corktown Campus

[edit]

The campus is at 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, has housed the School of Dentistry and Dental Clinic since 2008.

Novi Campus

[edit]

This campus, located at 41555 West 12 Mile Road, serves as a dedicated educational hub for nursing students and also houses the Detroit Mercy Eye Institute.

University of Detroit Mercy McNichols Campus

Academics

[edit]

Detroit Mercy's most popular undergraduate majors, in terms of 2021 graduates were Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse, Biology/Biological Sciences, Business Administration & Management, Architectural and Building Sciences, Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, Mechanical Engineering.[13]

Black Abolitionist Archive

[edit]

The Black Abolitionist Archive is a digital collection of over 800 speeches by antebellum African Americans including 14,000 documents, an extensive microfilm library, a clipping file, a library of scholarly books, articles, and dissertations providing a portrait of black involvement in the anti-slavery movement.[14] Dr. James O. Horton of the Smithsonian Institution’s Afro-American Communities Project has called it “the most extensive primary source collection on antebellum black activism.”[14]

Carney Latin American Solidarity Archive

[edit]

The Padre Guadalupe Carney Latin American Solidarity Archive (CLASA) contains a collection of Spanish and English books, human rights reports, independent newspapers and newsletters, and social justice papers representing more than 25 years of work by individuals and organizations working in solidarity to aid the people of Latin America.[15]

Center for Social Entrepreneurship

[edit]

The Center for Social Entrepreneurship works to develop the capacity of Detroit enterprises that have a social mission, meaning in addition to regular business goals, they aspire to create social good within their community. The center's main service is the CSE Boost Program, which is an in-person workshop for early-stage social organizations.[16]

Dental clinics

[edit]

The School of Dentistry provides several dental and specialty clinics to the community, including a mobile clinic based in a customized RV. Because the clinics are student clinical programs (where student doctors provide treatment under the supervision of licensed faculty dentists), services can be offered at a reduced cost.[17]

Detroit Collaborative Design Center

[edit]

The Detroit Collaborative Design Center (DCDC) is a multi-disciplinary, nonprofit architecture and urban design firm in the School of Architecture.[18]

Institute for North Korean Studies

[edit]

The Institute for North Korean Studies (INKS) is a United States–based non-partisan, non-proprietary research center founded at the College of Business Administration at the University of Detroit Mercy in April 2004. INKS is distinguished as the first research center in the United States or Europe to focus exclusively on North Korea. INKS organizes seminars and publishes research and monographs in collaboration with McFarland and Company, Inc., Publishers. The international and interdisciplinary academic journal of the center is North Korean Review.[19]

Law clinics

[edit]

In 1965 University of Detroit's Urban Law Clinic was one of the first in the country.[citation needed] It is one of the few law schools in the country requiring a practicum course for all students.[citation needed] It has received numerous awards, most recently the ABA Louis M. Brown Award for Legal Access with Meritorious Recognition in 2012 and the ABA Law Student Division's Judy M. Weightman Memorial Public Interest Award in 2006.[20]

Courses selected for the clinic component bring students in contact with the disadvantaged and disenfranchised, giving all law students at Detroit Mercy first-hand experience of social problems relevant to their specialization. In 2003 the clinic acquired a 28-foot-long mobile law office, perhaps the first such facility in the country.[21] In 2012 a downtown building was purchased and renovated for the clinic, bringing the clinic closer to the court buildings.[22] At that time the clinic courses served over 1000 clients a year.[23]

Detroit Mercy Law students must take one regular, semester-long "clinic" course that places them in contact with the underrepresented in an area of their choice, with options covering most specializations. The courses provide them with the skills and knowledge requisite for their clinical work, together with guided reflection and individual contact with the professor, including a comprehensive final interview.[24]

The clinic courses offered at Detroit Mercy, all of which fulfill the student requirement, are:

  • Immigration Law Clinic: This serves immigrants seeking family sponsorship or Special Immigrant Juvenile Status, or advancing Violence against Women Act Petitions. Students represent clients in U.S. Immigration Court; other court experiences are the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Board of Immigration Appeals, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
  • Veterans Law Clinic: Students argue before the Department of Veterans Affairs for disability benefits for veterans.
  • Criminal Trial Clinic: This prepares students for all aspects of defense in misdemeanor cases, including courtroom appearances and plea bargaining.
  • Juvenile Appellate Clinic: Students argue cases before a panel of attorneys pre-trial and may be asked to argue the case in the Michigan Court of Appeals. Most cases deal with child protection or delinquency.
  • Appellate Advocacy Clinic, State Appellate Defender's Office (SADO): SADO was founded to give "legal representation to indigent criminal defendants in post-conviction matters."[25] Students prepare briefs to be delivered before the Michigan Court of Appeals or the Michigan Supreme Court, and may deliver their brief first in "mock arguments" before a panel of attorneys.[24]
  • Intellectual Property Law Clinic: Inventors without the resources to defend themselves before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office can get help from the law students, supervised by patent attorneys. To be eligible for this clinic students must possess an undergraduate degree in some scientific field.[24] In conjunction with the University of Windsor, the course qualifies students in both U.S. and Canadian patent law, the first certified program in that dual area.[26][27][28]

Rankings

[edit]

For 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked Detroit Mercy tied for #202 in National Universities, #40 in Best Value Schools, #196-212 in Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs at schools whose highest degree is a doctorate, tied for #172 in Nursing, tied for #209 in Top Performers on Social Mobility, and as having the #141 law school out of 196 law schools.[29] The 2025 The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse rankings put Detroit Mercy at #43 in the nation and #2 in Michigan. Detroit Mercy also ranked at #35 in social mobility, #44 in best salaries, and #91 in best value.[30][31]

Admissions

[edit]

Undergraduate

[edit]

Detroit Mercy is considered "selective" by U.S. News & World Report.[32] For the Class of 2025 (enrolling fall 2021), Detroit Mercy received 4,435 applications and accepted 4,135 (93.2%), with 565 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 1063–1250. The middle 50% ACT composite score range was 22–29.[33]

Fall first-time freshman statistics
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Applicants 4435 3985 4358 3760 4301 4542
Admits 4135 3168 3377 3120 2783 3561
Admit rate 93.2 79.5 77.5 83.0 64.7 78.4
Enrolled 565 419 530 583 550 532
Yield rate 13.7 13.2 15.7 18.7 19.8 14.9
ACT composite*

(out of 36)

22-29

(12%†)

22-27

(20%†)

21-28

(24%†)

21-27

(30%†)

22-27

(41%†)

22-27

(92%†)

SAT composite*

(out of 1600)

1063–1250
(45%†) 		1060–1245
(74%†) 		1060–1230
(71%†) 		1050–1250
(66%†) 		-- --
* middle 50% range
† percentage of first-time freshmen who chose to submit

[33][34][35][36][37][38]

Undergraduate admissions statistics
2021 entering
class[33]Change vs.
2016
Admit rate93.2
(Neutral increase +14.8)
Yield rate13.7
(Decrease −1.2)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total1063–1250
(among 45% of FTFs)
ACT Composite22–29
(among 12% of FTFs)

Graduate

[edit]

For Fall 2022, the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law received 955 applications and accepted 536 (56.13%). Of those accepted, 209 enrolled, a yield rate of 38.99%. The School of Law had a middle-50% LSAT range of 150-157 with an average of 154 and an average GPA of 3.39 for the 2022 first year class.[39]

Greek life

[edit]

Fraternities and sororities (in alphabetical order)

Athletics

[edit]
Main article: Detroit Mercy Titans

The University of Detroit Mercy sponsors 17 NCAA Division I-level varsity sports teams. Men's and women's Detroit Mercy Titans teams compete in each sport in the Horizon League. The sports on campus include Basketball, Cross Country, Fencing (Central Collegiate Fencing Conference), Golf, Lacrosse (men's: Northeast Conference; women's: Mid-American Conference), Soccer, Softball (women's team only), Track and Field (indoor), and Track and Field (outdoor).

The University also sponsors 12 intramural sports during the academic year and five club sports (men's and women's volleyball, esports, co-ed badminton, and co-ed tennis.

Detroit Mercy's most recent league championship came in 2019, when the women's softball team won the Horizon League Championship.[40] In 2014, both the women's golf team and men's cross country team earned Horizon League titles for the second straight season. The men's lacrosse team won the MAAC Championship in 2013.

Basketball

[edit]

The men's basketball team has consistently contended for the Horizon League title. Mark Montgomery was hired as the 23rd head coach in men's basketball program history on April 3, 2024. Montgomery joins the Titans after spending 13 years in two stints as an assistant coach under legendary coach Tom Izzo at Michigan State, where he also played. An Inkster, Michigan native, Montgomery was an assistant coach at UDM for the end of the 2020-21 season, in which time the Titans went 11-3 down the stretch.

Mike Davis coached the Titans from 2017 to 2024.[41] He led Indiana University to the 2002 NCAA Championship game. During his time with the Titans, he mentored his son Antoine Davis, who broke the NCAA Division I record for 3-pointers made in a career and finished second all-time in career scoring with 3,664 points, three points behind Pete Maravich's mark. He was a five-time First Team All-Horizon League player.

Ray McCallum coached the Detroit Mercy men's basketball team from 2008 to 2016.[42] He led the Titans to the Horizon League Championship and an NCAA tournament appearance during the 2011–12 season.[42] McCallum's predecessor, Perry Watson, led a successful program at Detroit's Southwestern High School before coming to Detroit Mercy after some years as an assistant coach at the University of Michigan and maintained strong recruiting ties within the city's public league. Watson guided Detroit Mercy to 10 winning seasons, three league titles, two NCAA Tournament appearances and an NIT Final Four during his 15 years with Detroit Mercy.[43] The Titans' two NCAA appearances also included victories over St. John's and UCLA. Between 1997–98 and 2000–01, the Titans had four straight 20-victory seasons.[44]

Dick Vitale, ESPN's most well-known college basketball commentator, was the University of Detroit men's basketball head coach for four seasons (1973–1977) before becoming the school's Athletics Director for 1977–78.[45] The following year he left to coach the Detroit Pistons.[46] In his final year as a college head coach in 1977, Vitale led the Titans to a school record 25 victories and the Round of 16 in the 1977 NCAA tournament before losing to Michigan, 86–81.[45] Vitale ended up with a 78–30 career record as head coach of the Titans.[45] Vitale went on to coach the Detroit Pistons before beginning his broadcasting career with ESPN in 1979 and was the color commentator for the first college basketball game carried by the new network. As its lead college basketball analyst, he helped make the network an integral part of the game's popularity. An author of six books chronicling his love affair with basketball, Vitale received the Basketball Hall of Fame's Curt Gowdy Media Award (1998), won the NABC Cliff Wells Appreciation Award in 2000 and was inducted to the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008.[47] In 2011, Detroit Mercy named its basketball court at Calihan Hall in his honor.[48]

Highlights from the Detroit Mercy Titans men's and women's basketball teams include appearances in the 2011–12 postseason. The women's basketball team participated in the WNIT Tournament for the first time ever and finished with its first 20-win season (20–14) since 1997, when the team made its only NCAA Tournament appearance. The men's basketball team captured the 2011-12 Horizon League Championship and reached the NCAA Tournament for the sixth time in its history and first since 1999.[49]

Detroit Mercy has been a host institution for several NCAA Tournament men's basketball games. The university hosted the 2008 NCAA Midwest Regional and 2009 NCAA Final Four, played at Ford Field, as well as the 2018 NCAA First and Second Round games, played at Little Caesar's Arena. In 2021, Detroit Mercy and Oakland University teamed up to co-host the 2021 NCAA First and Second Round games.[50] The two schools combined to host the 2024 NCAA Midwest Regional, also at Little Caesars Arena.

All home basketball games feature the Titan Pep Band, Dance Team and Cheerleading Team.

Football

[edit]

Detroit Titans football was played from 1896 to 1964. The team staked a claim to college football's national championship with a 9–0 record in 1928.[51] Gus Dorais, coach of the Titans from 1925 to 1942, was inducted in the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954. There is a plaque dedicated to him at the entrance of Calihan Hall.[51] He also coached the NFL's Detroit Lions.[52]

Notable people

[edit]

University of Detroit Mercy and its predecessor institutions have graduated or employed many notable people over the years.

See the main article for some examples:

Main article: List of University of Detroit Mercy people

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kim Kozlowski (August 16, 2021). "University of Detroit Mercy leader to step down after more than 10 years". The Detroit News. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  2. ^ "University of Detroit Mercy". nces.ed.gov. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  3. ^ "Brand and Logo | University of Detroit Mercy".
  4. ^ David Lee Poremba (2001). Detroit in Its World Setting: A Three Hundred Year Chronology, 1701-2001. Wayne State University Press. pp. 157–. ISBN 0-8143-2870-9.
  5. ^ "Detroit College Now University". Detroit Free Press. January 15, 1911. p. 5.
  6. ^ "University of Detroit Mercy hires new president". The Detroit News. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  7. ^ "Programs at the Macomb University Center". University of Detroit Mercy website. University of Detroit Mercy. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  8. ^ Baiardi, Janet (September 28, 2013). "Mercy Heritage Day remarks". Detroit Mercy College of Health Professions website. University of Detroit Mercy. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  9. ^ Muller, S.J., Herman; Sabourin, RSM, Mary Justine; Cohen, Shari S. (2003). Legacy of Excellence: A Continuing History of Jesuit and Mercy Higher Education in Detroit. University of Detroit Mercy. p. 243.
  10. ^ Muller, S.J., Herman; Sabourin, RSM, Mary Justine; Cohen, Shari S. (2003). Legacy of Excellence: A Continuing History of Jesuit and Mercy Higher Education in Detroit. University of Detroit Mercy. p. 269.
  11. ^ Peller, Laurie (Spring 2004). "Inside View: Vision 2020". Spiritus: The University of Detroit Mercy Magazine. 11 (2): 8.
  12. ^ "History of the School of Dentistry". Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry website. University of Detroit Mercy. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  13. ^ "University of Detroit Mercy". nces.ed.gov. U.S. Dept of Education. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Black Abolitionist Archive". August 25, 2023.
  15. ^ "Carney Latin American Solidarity Archive (CLASA)".
  16. ^ "Center for Social Entrepreneurship".
  17. ^ "School of Dentistry".
  18. ^ "Research in Architectural Engineering".
  19. ^ “Institute for North Korean Studies (INKS).” College of Business Administration. University of Detroit Mercy. Archived May 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine June 9, 2008.
  20. ^ "PreLaw - Winter 2014". www.nxtbook.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017. [dead link‍]
  21. ^ "Michigan Bar Journal. Accessed 25 April 2016" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 15, 2012.
  22. ^ "Law school downtown clinics. Accessed 30 September 2016". Archived from the original on February 7, 2012.
  23. ^ Building for Center. Accessed 25 April 2016. Archived August 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ a b c Clinics. Accessed 25 April 2016. Archived April 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ "SADO - SADO - History and Governance". www.sado.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  26. ^ "Windsor. Accessed 25 April 2016". Archived from the original on May 30, 2016.
  27. ^ "preLaw Magazine - Winter 2007". www.nxtbook.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  28. ^ "preLaw - Spring 2016 - 47". www.nxtbook.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  29. ^ "University of Detroit Mercy Rankings". usnews.com. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  30. ^ Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. (n.d.). Best U.S. colleges 2025. https://www.wsj.com/rankings/college-rankings/best-colleges-2025
  31. ^ University of Detroit Mercy. (2024, September 4). University of Detroit Mercy ranked no. 43 in U.S. by the Wall Street Journal/College Pulse as it welcomes a record first-year class. https://www.udmercy.edu/about/news/articles/2024/09-04-wsj-rankings.php
  32. ^ "University of Detroit Mercy". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  33. ^ a b c "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2021-2022" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  34. ^ "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2020-2021" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  35. ^ "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2019-2020" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  36. ^ "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2018-2019" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  37. ^ "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2017-2018" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  38. ^ "Detroit Mercy Common Data Set 2016-2017" (PDF). Detroit Mercy Institutional Data and Reporting. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  39. ^ "ABA Required Disclosures". The American Bar Association. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  40. ^ Paul, Tony. "Detroit Mercy wins Horizon, makes NCAAs — one year after coach nearly retired". The Detroit News. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  41. ^ Paul, Tony. "Mike Davis hired by Detroit Mercy; news conference Thursday". Detroit News. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  42. ^ a b Reports, Detroit Free Press Staff. "Metro & state: Ray McCallum named an associate coach at Georgia State". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  43. ^ Farrell, Perry A. "Detroit Mercy inducts Perry Watson into Hall of Fame". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  44. ^ "Titan Basketball Detroit All-Time Scores" (PDF). detroittitans.com. University of Detroit Mercy. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  45. ^ a b c Holmes, Dan (March 27, 2023). "Vitale's Only NCAA Tournament Run Was Ended by Wolverines". Vintage Detroit Collection. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  46. ^ "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame :: Dick Vitale". www.hoophall.com. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  47. ^ "Hall of Fame Class of 2008". collegebasketballexperience.com. The College Basketball Experience. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  48. ^ "It was Awesome, baby, with a capital A!". detroittitans.com. University of Detroit Mercy. June 15, 2011. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  49. ^ "Detroit captures men's basketball championship". horizonleague.org. Horizon League. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  50. ^ "Little Caesars Arena granted an unprecedented four NCAA events". NHL.com. April 18, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  51. ^ a b "Remembering when Notre Dame Football played at Detroit Mercy in 1951". boxscorenews.com. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  52. ^ "The day the Detroit Lions came to town | Local Sports Journal". September 30, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Muller, Herman Joseph (1976). The University of Detroit 1877-1977: A Centennial History. University of Detroit. ASIN B0006CVJ4S.
  • Sabourin, Mary Justine (1999). Risk & Hope: An Early History of Mercy College of Detroit, 1941-1966. Detroit, Mich.: Sisters of Mercy of the Americas, Regional Community of Detroit, in cooperation with University of Detroit Mercy.
[edit]
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