Mardie Station
Mardie Station is a pastoral lease and sheep then cattle station that was established in 1866 in the Pilbara region of Western Australia near the mouth of the Fortescue River. The lessee in 2012 was Fourseasons Corporation; Mardie is operating under the Crown Lease number CL453-1984 and has the Land Act number LA3114/1027.
History
[edit]The original pastoral lease was taken by Simpson and MacIntoch, who worked for the Denison Plains Pastoral Company. The company equipped the barque Warrier in Melbourne and had intended to sail to Roebuck Bay to settle in another area but following a succession of calms the ship had to land at Cossack when the stock started to die of dehydration. Upon landing the group decided to trek south west and eventually squatted at Mardie Springs. The station was established and by 1883 three paddocks were fenced, several wells had been dug and the flock was about 18,000 head of sheep.[1]
The Murray Squatting Company, composed of Cornish, Richardson and the Paterson brothers, sold Yeeda Station in the Kimberley in 1883 and acquired Mardie shortly afterwards paying a "handsome price for the Fortescue River Station".[2] Richardson maintained an interest in Mardie over the next 30 years and invested in other nearby properties including Oakabella, Tallering and Boodarie Stations.[2]
The station was owned at one time by members of the Withnell family who had also established or owned many other stations in the North West including Sherlock, Mount Welcome, Mallina, Karratha, Chirritta and Edjudina.[3]
The station covers an area of about 225,000 hectares (560,000 acres)[4] and has over 8,000 head of specially bred cattle.[5]
The station was hard hit by flooding in 1894 when the Fortescue River, usually about 10 miles (16 km) away from the homestead, rose to within metres of the front door. The stockyards were destroyed and hundreds of sheep were washed away.[6]
James Withnell, the owner of Dirk Hartog Station acquired Mardie in 1913 from the Mardie Pastoral Company. At this stage the property occupied an area of 397,500 acres (160,863 ha) and was carrying a flock of 19,000 sheep.[7]
The station was sold by Withnell to B. H. Sharpe who owned Wooleen Station, along with 30,000 head of sheep and 100 cattle in 1923 for £50,000.[1]
It switched from sheep to cattle in 1998.[8] It is owned by CITIC Pacific, a Hong Kong–based company, who bought the station in 2007.[9]
The station is home to the largest infestation of mesquite in the state, following the introduction of two trees as shade trees around the homestead and shearing shed in the 1930s; it is estimated that around 150,000 hectares (370,000 acres) contain the plant.[4][10] About 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of the infestation is described as dense.[8] Stock must be quarantined in paddocks free of mesquite so the seeds can pass through their guts before they can be moved on to prevent the pest from spreading further.[10]
The station experienced heavy rains followed by flooding during Cyclone Monty in 2004 then again in 2009. Fences were swept away, roads were cut and cattle were stranded when 150 millimetres (6 in) of rain fell in a few hours.[11]
The property is also home to one of the largest holes ever dug in the earth. Sino Iron, a Chinese iron producer, is mining magnetite at Mardie and planning an open cut mine of 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide and hundreds of metres deep.[12] The company has a 25-year lease obtained in a deal with billionaire Clive Palmer.
Climate
[edit]The station has a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh) with sweltering summers and very warm to hot winters. Average maximum temperatures range from 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July to 37.9 °C (100.2 °F) in January.[13] Rainfall is generally low but highly variable;[8] 364.0 millimetres (14.33 in) of rain fell in the 24 hours to 9:00AM on 10 February 1995, but only 8.7 millimetres (0.34 in) fell in the whole of 1936.[13]
On 19 February 1998, Mardie recorded a maximum temperature of 50.5 °C (122.9 °F), which at the time was the highest temperature on record for anywhere in Western Australia, the highest February temperature recorded in Australia, and the second-highest temperature recorded anywhere in Australia.[14][15] This temperature was recorded during a heatwave that affected the Pilbara region in February 1998, which also saw several other centres (such as Roebourne) record temperatures above 49 °C or 120.2 °F.[15][16]
Mardie's record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Western Australia was broken on 13 January 2022, when Onslow recorded a temperature of 50.7 °C (123.3 °F). Mardie reached 50.5 °C (122.9 °F) again on the same day, equalling its own temperature record.[17]
On 19 February 1975, during Cyclone Trixie, the station recorded several wind gusts of at least 259 kilometres per hour (161 mph), the highest wind gust in Australia at that time; the figure given was the limit of the anemometer, so the gusts may have been higher than measured.[18][19]
| Climate data for Mardie | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 50.5 (122.9) |
50.5 (122.9) |
47.2 (117.0) |
43.7 (110.7) |
40.5 (104.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
46.0 (114.8) |
47.0 (116.6) |
48.8 (119.8) |
50.5 (122.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 37.9 (100.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
35.9 (96.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
33.9 (93.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
2.9 (37.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 37.9 (1.49) |
62.6 (2.46) |
48.9 (1.93) |
19.3 (0.76) |
36.5 (1.44) |
37.1 (1.46) |
13.8 (0.54) |
7.0 (0.28) |
1.3 (0.05) |
0.8 (0.03) |
1.4 (0.06) |
9.3 (0.37) |
275.9 (10.87) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 22 |
| Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Guardian[17] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Rural gossip". Perth Gazette. National Library of Australia. 27 April 1923. p. 10. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ a b Clement, Cathie (2012). "Alexander Robert (1847–1931)'". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "Assessment Documentation" (pdf). Register of Heritage Places. 1996. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Weed War". Landline. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 November 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ "About us". Mardie Beef. 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ "The floods in the north-west". Western Mail. National Library of Australia. 10 February 1894. p. 27. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ "Finance and commerce". The West Australian. Perth: National Library of Australia. 16 July 1913. p. 14. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- ^ a b c "Pilbara – mesquite". Controlling Mesquite in Northern Australia. CSIRO. 14 October 2011. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ "Pilbara Premium". Outback Magazine. October–November 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Best Practice Manual – Mesquite – Case Study 4" (PDF). Weeds Australia. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ Laurissa Smith (19 February 2009). "Pilbara station turns into an island". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ "WA cattle station becoming one of the biggest holes on earth". Sunday Times. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ a b c "Mardie". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ "Rainfall and Temperature Records: National" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–24". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- ^ "Significant Weather – February 1998". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ a b "Australia matches its hottest day on record as Western Australia town goes above 50C". The Guardian. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclones Affecting Onslow". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ "TC Trixie Report" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. p. 4. Retrieved 9 February 2014.