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Libertarian Party of Virginia
Founded1974 (first iteration)
2022 (second iteration)
Headquarters14401 Nickel Ln., #203,
Richmond, VA 23114
IdeologyLibertarianism
National affiliationLibertarian Party
Colorsa shade of blue, gold
Virginia Senate
0 / 40
Virginia House of Delegates
0 / 100
U.S. Senate (Virginia)
0 / 2
U.S. House of Representatives (Virginia)
0 / 11
Other elected officials0 (June 2024)[1]
Website
lpofva.com

The Libertarian Party of Virginia (LPVA) is the Virginia affiliate of the Libertarian Party. The party was originally founded in 1974 and was dissolved by the State Central Committee on September 11, 2022.[2] Subsequently, the Virginia Libertarians quickly recreated the Libertarian Party of Virginia and received the recognition of the Libertarian National Committee. Some of the disaffected former Libertarians went on to create a new party, the Liberty Party (now known as the Classical Liberal Party of Virginia)[3] – a party affiliated with the Association of Liberty State Parties.[4]

Ballot laws

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Ballot access laws

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Virginia has one of the most restrictive ballot access laws in the United States.[5][6]

According to the Code of Virginia subsection 24.2-101, without "major party" status for automatic ballot access in Virginia, the LPVA has had to gather petition signatures to get on the ballot. The requirement for statewide elections, such as the U.S. Senate, is 10,000 signatures, including at least 400 from each of Virginia's 11 congressional districts.[7] However, after the Virginia Republican presidential primary in 2012, Virginia lawmakers reduced the 10,000 signature requirement for presidential candidates by half.[8] Now, according to Code of Virginia § 24.2-543, a petition to put a third-party or independent candidate on the ballot for U.S. President "shall be signed by at least 5,000 qualified voters and include signatures of at least 200 qualified voters from each congressional district."[9] Thus, this revision makes it easier for presidential candidates to obtain ballot access; yet, the law still remains as a barrier to entry for minor party candidates.

For the party to gain automatic ballot access as a major party, one of its nominated candidates must receive 10% of the vote in a statewide race.[10] To obtain the signatures necessary to receive statewide ballot access in Virginia, it has been quoted to cost between $45,000 to $90,000.[11] Should the LPVA meet the ten percent threshold, career journalist James Bacon noted: "Sparing the Libertarian Party the expense of petitioning to get its candidates on the ballot would allow it to husband its resources to help candidates campaign... That would be huge."[12]

Ballot access litigation

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The Libertarian Party of Virginia has, on multiple occasions, taken legal action over Virginia's ballot access laws.[10][13][14]

Libertarian Party of Virginia v. Judd

[edit]

In 2013, the ACLU supported the Libertarian Party of Virginia and contended that the Libertarians would suffer "irreparable harm" given Virginia's ballot access laws.[10]

In Libertarian Party of Virginia vs. Judd, the LPVA won the case regarding state residency requirements for petition circulators per the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on May 29, 2013. It was the first time a minor party had won a constitutional election law case in the Fourth Circuit since 1989 and 1988.[15][16] In response to the Fourth Circuit's ruling, the State of Virginia via former Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli[17] as well as several other states, like Oklahoma,[18] submitted petitions to the Supreme Court of the United States asking to reverse the Fourth Circuit's decision.[19] On December 2, 2013, the petitions against the Fourth Circuit's ruling were denied by the Supreme Court, and so the Libertarian Party of Virginia won the case regarding state residency requirements for petition circulators.[10][20]

Sarvis v. Judd

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In July 2014, The Rutherford Institute supported the Libertarian Party of Virginia and alleged Virginia ballot laws favored "the election chances of Democrat and Republican candidates at the expense of Libertarian Party and independent candidates."[21]

In Sarvis vs. Judd[22] a lawsuit was filed on behalf of the Libertarian Party of Virginia, several Libertarian Party candidates and an independent (non-party) candidate for public office in the November 2014 general election. The lawsuit challenged the Virginia State Board of Elections and the laws which require minor-party candidates to gather signatures on petitions to achieve ballot access as well as the laws which require minor-party and independent candidates' names to be placed below those of major-party candidates on the ballot.[23][24]

Notable Virginia Libertarians

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Office holders

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The LPVA has and has had members elected and appointed to varying positions of government. These have included positions for: town councils; soil and water conservation committees; budget advisory committees; community leadership institutes; buildings, roads and grounds committees; and school boards.[25][26][27][28][29][30] [excessive detail?]

Elections

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1999 state elections

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Main article: Virginia elections, 1999

In 1999, Timothy Belton ran in the 65th district and got 22.8 percent of the vote. John Girardeau ran in the 72nd district and got 17.1 percent.

2000 presidential election

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Main articles: United States presidential election in Virginia, 2000; Virginia's 8th congressional district; and Virginia's 11th congressional district

In the 2000 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Harry Browne, who gathered the requisite signatures to appear on the ballot in the general election. Browne received 0.6% of the vote in Virginia. In the 8th Congressional district, Ron Crickenberger received 1.3% of the vote for Representative. In the 11th Congressional district, Robert K. McBride received 2.0% of the vote for Representative.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2000[31]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican George W. Bush Dick Cheney 1,437,490 52.5% 13
Democratic Al Gore Joe Lieberman 1,217,290 44.4% 0
Green Ralph Nader Winona LaDuke 59,398 2.2% 0
Libertarian Harry Browne Art Olivier 15,198 0.6% 0
Reform Pat Buchanan Ezola Foster 5,455 0.2% 0
Constitution Howard Phillips Curtis Frazier 1,809 0.1% 0
Write-ins Write-ins - 2,807 0.1% 0
Totals 2,739,447 100% 13
Voter turnout —

2001 gubernatorial election

[edit]
Main articles: Virginia gubernatorial election, 2001 and Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2001

Bill Redpath ran for Governor against Mark Warner (D) and Mark Earley (R) receiving 0.8% of the vote.[32] Gary Reams ran for Lieutenant Governor.[33]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2001[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mark Warner 984,177 52.2% +9.6%
Republican Mark Earley 887,234 47.0% −8.8%
Libertarian Bill Redpath 14,497 0.8%
Write-ins 813 0%
Majority 96,943 5.1% −8.1%
Turnout 1,886,721
Democratic gain from Republican Swing
House of Delegates

Bill Peabody ran in the 39th district and got 0.9% of the vote. Micah Gray ran in the 41st district and got 15.9% of the vote. Christine Austen ran in 47th district and got 2.8% of the vote. Jim Simpson ran in the 51st district and got 2.3% of the vote. John H. Girardeau III ran in the 65th district and got 2.0% of the vote. Robert Stermer ran in the 96th district and got 1.0% of the vote.

Also in 2001, ACLU lawyers represented four Libertarian candidates (Redpath, Reams, Belton, and Girardeau) seeking to be listed on the ballot as Libertarians rather than independents. Joining them as plaintiffs in their federal lawsuit were two Virginia voters, John Buckley and Shelley Tamres.[citation needed]

2002 midterm election

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Main article: Virginia's 8th Congressional district election, 2002

Libertarian Ron Crickenberger ran as an independent in the 8th Congressional district, although he was referred to by the media, by the LPVA website, and by his own campaign website as a Libertarian candidate. He received 2.7% of the vote.

2004 presidential election

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Main article: United States presidential election in Virginia, 2004

In the 2004 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Michael Badnarik, who received 0.4% of the vote in Virginia.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2004[34]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican George W. Bush (inc.) Dick Cheney 1,716,959 53.7% 13
Democratic John Kerry John Edwards 1,454,742 45.5% 0
Libertarian Michael Badnarik Richard Campagna 11,032 0.4% 0
Constitution Michael Peroutka Chuck Baldwin 10,161 0.3% 0
Independent (Write-in) Ralph Nader (Write-in) Peter Camejo 2,393 0.1% 0
Green (Write-in) David Cobb (Write-in) Pat LaMarche 104 0% 0
Write-ins - 24 0% 0
Totals 3,195,415 100% 13
Voter turnout (voting age population) 57.2% —

2005 state election

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House of Delegates

Donald Ferguson ran in the 36th district and got 20.1% of the vote. Scott McPherson ran in the 37th district and got 1.5% of the vote. Charles Eby, Jr. ran in the 67th district and got 2.4% of the vote. Matthew Martin ran in the 73rd district and got 27.1% of the vote.

2006 midterm elections

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Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2006

Wilbur N. Wood III appeared on the ballot in Virginia's 10th congressional district, receiving 0.9% of the vote.[35]

Virginia's 10th congressional district election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frank Wolf (inc.) 138,213 57.3
Democratic Judy Feder 98,769 41.0
Libertarian Wilbur N. Wood III 2,107 0.9
Independent Neeraj C. Nigam 1,851 0.8
Write-ins 194 nil
Total votes 241,134 100
Republican hold

2007 state elections

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Main article: Virginia elections, 2007
Senate of Virginia

Don Tabor ran in the 14th district and got 28.8% of the vote.

2008 elections

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Main articles: United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008; United States Senate election in Virginia, 2008; and Virginia's 1st congressional district election, 2008

In the 2008 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Bob Barr, who gathered the requisite signatures to appear on the ballot in the general election. Barr received 0.3% of the vote in Virginia.[36] Bill Redpath was the party nominee for U.S. Senate, and he appeared on the ballot receiving 0.6% of the vote.[37] In the 1st congressional district, Libertarian nominee Nathan Larson appeared on the ballot and received 1.5% of the vote.[38] He was expelled from the party in 2017.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008[39]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama Joe Biden 1,959,532 52.6% 13
Republican John McCain Sarah Palin 1,725,005 46.3% 0
Independent Ralph Nader Matt Gonzalez 11,483 0.31 0
Libertarian Bob Barr Wayne Allyn Root 11,067 0.3% 0
Constitution Chuck Baldwin Darrell Castle 7,474 0.2% 0
Green Cynthia McKinney Rosa Clemente 2,344 0.1% 0
Write-ins Write-ins 6,355 0.2% 0
Totals 3,723,260 100% 13
Voter turnout (voting age population) 65.1%

2009 state elections

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Main article: Virginia elections, 2009

Matt Cholko ran in the 39th district and got 3.2% of the vote.

2010 midterm elections

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Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2010

Libertarian candidates appeared on the ballot in four U.S. House of Representatives elections in Virginia: James Quigley (3rd District), Stuart Bain (6th District), Bill Redpath (10th District), and David Dotson (11th District). Party candidates received a combined total of 23,681 votes (1.1%) statewide. (15,309 of those votes were from Bain, who received 9.2% in his district because there was no Democratic candidate running against Republican incumbent Bob Goodlatte.[40])

United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2010[41]
Party Votes Percentage Seats before Seats after +/–
Republican 1,186,098 54.1% 5 8 +3
Democratic 911,116 41.6% 6 3 -3
Independents 42,002 1.9% 0 0 0
Libertarian 23,681 1.1% 0 0 0
Independent Greens 21,374 1.0% 0 0 0
Write-In 5,570 0.3% 0 0 0
Totals 2,189,841 100% 11 11 —

2011 state elections

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Main article: Virginia elections, 2011
Senate of Virginia

Don Tabor ran in the 14th district and got 28.8% of the vote.

House of Delegates

Michael Kane ran in the 41st district and got 31.3% of the vote. Glenn McGuire ran in the 95th district and got 22.7% of the vote.

2012 presidential election

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Main article: United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012

Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson received over 30,000 votes or approximately 0.8% of the vote in Virginia.[42]

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama (incumbent) Joe Biden 1,971,820 51.2% 13
Republican Mitt Romney Paul Ryan 1,822,522 47.3% 0
Libertarian Gary Johnson Jim Gray 31,216 0.8% 0
Constitution Virgil Goode Jim Clymer 13,058 0.3% 0
Green Jill Stein Cheri Honkala 8,627 0.2% 0
Write-ins Write-ins 7,246 0.2% 0
Totals 3,854,489 100% 13

2013 state elections

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Main article: Virginia elections, 2013
House of Delegates

Six candidates ran for various seats in the Virginia House of Delegates. Jonathan Parrish earned 22.3% in the 23rd district.[43] Patrick Hagerty obtained 3.4% in the 33rd district. Laura Delhomme garnered 22.9% of the vote in the 47th district. Anthony Tellez had 4.2% for the 53rd district. Christopher Sullivan received 5.6% in the 55th district, and Dan Foster obtained 3.7% in the 78th district. In total, there were over 15,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for the Virginia House of Delegates in 2013.[44]

Gubernatorial
Main article: Virginia gubernatorial election, 2013

Robert Sarvis, the Libertarian gubernatorial nominee,[45] became the fourth minor party nominee in forty years to get on the Virginia ballot.[46][47] On election day, Sarvis obtained 146,084 votes, or approximately 6.5% of the total vote cast, a number nearly three times the size of McAuliffe's victory margin over Cuccinelli and nearly five times better than Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson from the year before.[48][49] Sarvis' performance was the best performance among any Libertarian running for Governor of Virginia, among the top three strongest among any Libertarian candidate running in a state gubernatorial election, and the best performance for a third party gubernatorial candidate in the U.S. South in nearly 40 years.[50][51]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2013[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Terry McAuliffe 1,069,859 47.8% +6.5%
Republican Ken Cuccinelli 1,013,355 45.2% −13.4%
Libertarian Robert Sarvis 146,084 6.5% +6.5%
Write-ins 11,091 0.5%
Plurality 56,504 2.5% −14.9%
Turnout 2,240,379 100%
Democratic gain from Republican Swing

2014 midterm elections

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U.S. Senate
Main article: United States Senate election in Virginia, 2014
United States Senate election in Virginia, 2014[53]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mark Warner (inc.) 1,073,565 49.2% −15.9%
Republican Ed Gillespie 1,055,894 48.3% +14.6%
Libertarian Robert Sarvis 53,098 2.4% +1.9%
Write-ins 1,769 0.1%
Plurality 17,671 0.8% -30.5%
Turnout 2,184,326
Democratic hold Swing
U.S. House of Representatives
Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2014

Candidates for the U.S. House:[54]

1st District: Xavian Draper[55] 2nd District: Allen Knapp[56] 3rd District: Justin Upshaw[57] 4th District: Bo Brown 5th District: Paul Jones[58] 6th District: Will Hammer[59] 7th District: James Carr 8th District: Jeffrey Carson[60] 9th District: Matthew Edwards[61] 10th District: Bill Redpath[45] 11th District: Marc Harrold[62]

For the first time in its history, the Libertarian Party of Virginia had a full slate of candidates for the U.S. Congress in Virginia. Collectively, the candidates submitted well over 30,000 signatures by the June 10th deadline. This would have been the first time any party other than the Democratic and Republican Parties ran a full slate for U.S. House in Virginia since 1916; however, Xavian Draper, Allen Knapp, Justin Upshaw, and Matthew Edwards did not submit enough valid signatures to qualify for a position on the ballot.[58][63][64][65]

Therefore, seven candidates ran for various seats in Congress. Bo Brown earned 2.2% in the 4th district. Paul Jones had 2.1% in the 5th district. Will Hammer garnered 12.3% in the 6th district. James Carr obtained 2.1% in the 7th district. Jeffrey Carson received 2.2% in the 8th district. Bill Redpath had 1.5% in the 10th district, and Marc Harrold earned 1.7% in the 11th district. In total, there were over 47,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for Congress in 2014.

United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2014[53]
Party Votes Percentage Seats before Seats after +/–
Republican 1,143,692 53.6% 8 8 0
Democratic 845,845 39.6% 3 3 0
Libertarian 47,037 2.2% 0 0 -
Independent Greens 30,661 1.4% 0 0 -
Green 1,739 0.1% 0 0 -
Independents/Write-In 66,190 3.1% 0 0 -
Totals 2,135,164 100% 11 11 —

2015 state elections

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House of Delegates

Four candidates ran for various seats in the Virginia House of Delegates. Will Hammer earned 23.9% in the 20th district.[66] Mark Anderson had 3.6% in the 33rd district.[67] Andy Bakker garnered 4.5% in the 46th district,[68] and Brian Suojanen obtained 2.1% in the 87th district.[69] In total, there were nearly 5,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for the Virginia House of Delegates.[70]

Senate of Virginia

Carl Loser ran for the Senate of Virginia in the 10th district. Loser had 1.0% of the vote, or 527 votes.[71]

2016 presidential election

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Main article: United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016

Gary Johnson got 3.0% of the vote.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Hillary Clinton Tim Kaine 1,981,473 49.7% 13
Republican Donald Trump Mike Pence 1,769,443 44.4% 0
Libertarian Gary Johnson William Weld 118,274 3.0% 0
Independent Evan McMullin Mindy Finn 54,054 1.4% 0
Green Jill Stein Ajamu Baraka 27,638 0.7% 0
Independent (Write-in)
-
-
 33,749 0.9% 0
Totals 3,984,631 100% 13
Voter turnout (voting age population) 71.3%
Source: Virginia Department of Elections

2017 state elections

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Main articles: Virginia elections, 2017 and Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017

Candidates running in 2017 include Will Hammer in the 20th district,[72] Michael Millner in the 22nd district;[73] and Terry Hurst in the 89th district.[74]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017[75]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Ralph Northam 1,409,175 53.9% +6.2%
Republican Ed Gillespie 1,175,731 45.0% −0.3%
Libertarian Cliff Hyra 27,987 1.1% −5.5%
Write-ins 1,389 0.1% −0.4%
Majority 233,444 8.9% +6.4%
Turnout 2,614,282

2018 midterm election

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Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in Virginia

Matt Waters was the Libertarian nominee for the U.S. Senate.[76] He received 1.84% of the vote.

United States Senate election in Virginia, 2018[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tim Kaine (incumbent) 1,910,370 57.00% +4.17%
Republican Corey Stewart 1,374,313 41.01% −5.91%
Libertarian Matt Waters 61,565 1.84% N/A
Write-in 5,125 0.15% N/A
Total votes 3,351,373 100.00% N/A

2020 presidential election

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Main article: 2020 United States presidential election in Virginia

Libertarian presidential nominee Jo Jorgensen received 1.45% of the vote in Virginia.

2020 United States presidential election in Virginia[78]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Joe Biden
Kamala Harris 		2,413,568 54.11% +4.38%
Republican Donald Trump
Mike Pence 		1,962,430 44.00% −0.41%
Libertarian Jo Jorgensen
Spike Cohen 		64,761 1.45% −1.52%
Write-in 19,765 0.44% -0.41%
Total votes 4,460,524 100.00%

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Elected Officials". Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  2. ^ "Articles of Dissolution – Libertarian Party of Virginia, Inc", Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2023-05-23, retrieved 2023-06-25
  3. ^ "Classical Liberal Party of Virginia – Classical Liberal Party of Virginia". Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  4. ^ "Affiliates". Association of Liberty State Parties. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  5. ^ "How did Virginia's ballot access get so strict?". Richmond Times Dispatch. Dec 31, 2012. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014.
  6. ^ "Virginia primary voters should be allowed to vote for the GOP nominee of their choice". Slate. Jan 3, 2012. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014.
  7. ^ "§ 24.2-506. Petition of qualified voters required; number of signatures required; certain towns excepted".
  8. ^ Cain, Andrew. "Libertarian Gary Johnson, Green Party's Jill Stein, independent Evan McMullin make Virginia's presidential ballot". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
  9. ^ "§ 24.2-543. How other groups may submit names of electors; oaths of electors".
  10. ^ a b c d "State Residency Requirement for Petition Circulators". ACLU. 11 June 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  11. ^ "Fredericksburg business owner launches write-in bid for U.S. Senate". Stafford County Sun. June 17, 2014. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014. he does not have the $45,000 to $90,000 he said he was quoted to get petition signatures to get on the ballot
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  13. ^ "ACLU, Va. Libertarians, sue over ballot-access rules". Richmond Times Dispatch. Jan 18, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
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  21. ^ "Rutherford Institute Files First Amendment Lawsuit Challenging Discriminatory Election Laws that Favor Major Party Candidates over Independent, Minor Ones". The Rutherford Institute. July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
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  33. ^ "One statewide candidate has a single goal: to legalize pot". Style Weekly. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
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  41. ^ Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives". house.gov.
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  43. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » 2013 House of Delegates General Election District 23".
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  45. ^ a b "LPVA - Our Candidates". Lpva.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-26. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  46. ^ Winger, Richard (2013-06-12). "Rob Sarvis, Libertarian Candidate for Governor of Virginia, Submits 18,000 Signatures". Ballot Access News. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
  47. ^ "Libertarian Candidate Robert Sarvis Makes the Ballot in Virginia Governor's Race". Charlottesville Newsplex. 2013-06-26. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
  48. ^ "Unofficial Results – General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  49. ^ "Libertarian Robert Sarvis Pulls 6.6 Percent in Virginia Governor's Race, Almost Five Times Better Than Gary Johnson Last November". Reason Magazine. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  50. ^ "Sarvis could secure Libertarians' ballot access through 2021". WTVR.com. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  51. ^ Jacobs, Ben (November 8, 2013). "Libertarian Robert Sarvis Drew Record High Votes in Virginia". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
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  54. ^ "Record number of Virginia Libertarian candidates aim for 2014 ballot". wtvr.com. May 7, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  55. ^ "Xavian Draper for U.S Congress". Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  56. ^ "What is your essay about? Essayabout.org knows the answer". Knappforcongress.com. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
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  59. ^ "Will Hammer – LIVE FREE(R) IN AN UNFREE WORLD". Will Hammer.
  60. ^ Jeffrey Carson for Congress. "Jeffrey Carson for Congress". Jeffreycarson.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-28. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  61. ^ "(1) Matthew C. Edwards". Facebook. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
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  63. ^ "Virginia libertarians recruit full slate for congress". BearingDrift. May 22, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
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  69. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 House of Delegates General Election District 87".
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  71. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 Senate of Virginia General Election District 10".
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  75. ^ "2017 November General". Results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  76. ^ "Meet Libertarian Virginia senate candidate Matt Waters: ‘Politicians in both parties are not being honest’ ", WTVR.com. October 30, 2018
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  78. ^ "2020 November General". results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
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