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|fam7=[[Malay language|Malay]]
|fam7=[[Malay language|Malay]]
|fam8=Malacca Malay
|fam8=Malacca Malay
|fam1=[[English-based creole languages|English Creole]]
|script = [[Latin script|Rumi (Latin script)]] and [[Jawi script|Jawi (Arabic script)]] <ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation|title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards|date=26 August 2008|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref>
|script = [[Latin script|Rumi (Latin script)]] and [[Jawi script|Jawi (Arabic script)]] <ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation|title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards|date=26 August 2008|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref>
|nation={{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]<br>{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]]
|nation={{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]<br>{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]]

Revision as of 03:35, 24 August 2012

Malaysian
Bahasa Malaysia
بهاس مليسيا
Native toBrunei
Malaysia
Singapore
Native speakers
(undated figure of 10.3 million)[1]
Rumi (Latin script) and Jawi (Arabic script) [2]
Official status
Official language in
Malaysia Malaysia
Singapore Singapore
Regulated byDewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
zlm – Malaysian Malay
zsm – Standard Malaysian

Malaysian or Standard Malay is the official language of Malaysia and a standardized register of the Malacca dialect of Malay. It is over 80% cognate with Indonesian and is spoken natively by over 10 million people. As a second language, it is spoken by an estimated 18 million, mostly Malaysians from ethnic minorities.[3]

History

In 1957, Article 152 of the Federation designated Malay as the official language. Between 1986 and 2007, the official term Bahasa Malaysia was replaced by "Bahasa Melayu". Today, in order to recognise that Malaysia is composed of many ethnic groups (and not only the ethnic Malays), the term Bahasa Malaysia has once again become the government's preferred designation for the "Bahasa Kebangsaan" (National Language).[4] The language is sometimes simply referred to as Bahasa or BM.[5]

Writing system

The Malaysian language is normally written using a Latin alphabet called Rumi, though an Arabic alphabet called Jawi also exists. Rumi is official while efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi script and to revive its use in Malaysia. The Latin alphabet, however, is still the most commonly used script in Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.

Extent of use

The Malaysian language became the sole official language in West Malaysia in 1968, and in East Malaysia gradually from 1974.[clarification needed] English continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities.

Sounds and grammar

Borrowed words

The Malaysian language has many words borrowed from Arabic (mainly religious terms), Sanskrit, Tamil, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, certain Chinese dialects and more recently, English (in particular many scientific and technological terms). Modern Malaysian malay also heavily influenced by Indonesian.[6]

Colloquial and contemporary usage

Contemporary usage of Malay includes a set of slang words, formed by innovations of standard Malay words or incorporated from other languages, spoken by the urban speech community, which may not be familiar to the older generation, such as awek (girl), balak (guy) or cun (pretty). New plural pronouns have also been formed out of the original pronouns and the word orang (person), such as kitorang (kita + orang, the exclusive "we", in place of kami) or diorang (dia + orang, "they"). Code-switching between English and Malaysian and the use of novel loanwords is widespread, forming Bahasa Rojak. Consequently, this phenomenon has raised the displeasure of language purists in Malaysia, in their effort to uphold the proper use of the national language.

See also

References

  1. ^ Malaysian Malay at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) Closed access icon
    Standard Malaysian at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) Closed access icon
  2. ^ "Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards". The Star. 26 August 2008.
  3. ^ Ethonologue, "Standard Malay"
  4. ^ Back to Bahasa Malaysia. Thestar.com.my (2007-06-04). Retrieved on 2010-10-19.
  5. ^ Penggunaan Istilah Bahasa Malaysia Dan Bukan Bahasa Melayu Muktamad, Kata Zainuddin. BERNAMA, 5 November 2007
  6. ^ Sneddon, James N. "The Indonesian Language: its history and role in modern society".