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2021 Malacca state election

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2021 Malacca state election
← 2018 20 November 2021 2024/5/6 →
All 28 seats to the Malacca State Legislative Assembly
15 seats needed for a majority
Registered495,195
Turnout65.85%
  Majority party Minority party Third party
  BN
Leader Sulaiman Md Ali Adly Zahari Mas Ermieyati Samsudin
Party United Malays National Organisation National Trust Party (Malaysia) Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia
Alliance Barisan Nasional Pakatan Harapan Perikatan Nasional
Leader since 9 March 2020 30 August 2017 18 November 2021
Leader's seat Lendu Bukit Katil Tanjung Bidara
(Contested and lost)
Last election 13 seats, 36.2% 13 seats, 42.5% 2 seats, 21.0%
(under PH, GS and BN)
Seats before 12 11 1
Seats won 21 5 2
Seat change Increase 9 Decrease 6 Increase 1
Popular vote 122,741 114,457 77,731
Percentage 38.39% 35.80% 24.31%
Swing Increase 2.19 pp Decrease 6.7 percentage point New
Results by constituency
Chief Minister before election

Sulaiman Md Ali
Barisan Nasional
(UMNO)

Elected Chief Minister

Sulaiman Md Ali
Barisan Nasional
(UMNO)

The 2021 Malacca state election, formally the 15th Malacca state election, took place on 20 November 2021. This election was to elect 28 members of the 15th Malacca State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 4 October 2021.[1]

The snap election of the state was called prematurely following a political crisis. It came after four members of the assembly (MLA) who had previously supported incumbent Chief Minister Sulaiman Md Ali announced the loss of confidence and withdrawal of their support for him on 4 October 2021.[2] They are former Chief Minister, Member of the State Executive Council (EXCO), Sungai Udang MLA Idris Haron and Pantai Kundor MLA Nor Azman Hassan from BN, independent (IND) EXCO member, Pengkalan Batu MLA Norhizam Hassan Baktee as well as EXCO member, Telok Mas MLA Noor Effandi Ahmad from PN.

Malacca became the fourth state in Malaysia (since 2021) that did not hold a state election simultaneously with the general election after Sabah (1967–1999 and since 2020), Sarawak (since 1979), and Kelantan (March 1978). This is also the first election following Ismail Sabri Yaakob's appointment as Prime Minister on 21 August 2021 and also the first state election held in the Malay Peninsula since the fall of the Pakatan Harapan state and federal governments in 2020.

This election was unique because it featured two major coalition parties in the government, namely Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional, competing against each other. BN, through UMNO, had announced that it would not cooperate with Perikatan Nasional, led by Parti Peribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU). Such competition between former coalition partners had previously only occurred in East Malaysia.[3]

Barisan Nasional (BN) won a landslide victory in the state election, winning 21 seats in the legislature and a two-thirds majority. Pakatan Harapan (PH) suffered a major defeat, winning just 5 seats, with the People's Justice Party (PKR) losing all its contested seats. Perikatan Nasional (PN) won 2 seats.

Constituencies

[edit]
Electoral map of Malacca, showing all 28 constituencies

Composition before dissolution

[edit]
Government Opposition
BN PN PH IND
12 1 11 4
12 1 7 2 2
UMNO BERSATU DAP AMANAH PKR IND

Electoral system

[edit]

Elections in Malaysia are conducted at the federal and state levels. Federal elections elect members of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state elections in each of the 13 states elect members of their respective state legislative assembly. As Malaysia follows the Westminster system of government, the head of government (Prime Minister at the federal level and the Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers at the state level) is the person who commands the confidence of the majority of members in the respective legislature – this is normally the leader of the party or coalition with the majority of seats in the legislature.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 28 members, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), that are elected for five-year terms. Each MLA is elected from a single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post voting system; each constituency contains approximately an equal number of voters. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the government, with its leader becoming the Chief Minister. In the event of a hung parliament, where no single party obtains the majority of seats, the government may still form through a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement with other parties. In practice, coalitions and alliances in Malaysia, and by extension, in Malacca, generally persist between elections, and member parties do not normally contest for the same seats.

Political parties

[edit]
Coalition(s) Other parties
Government Opposition
Barisan Nasional (BN) Perikatan Nasional (PN) Pakatan Harapan (PH)

Retiring incumbent

[edit]

The following members of the 14th State Legislative Assembly retired.

No. Federal Constituency Departing MLA Party Date confirmed First elected Reason
N02 Tanjung Bidara Md Rawi Mahmud BN (UMNO) 10 October 2021[6] 2013 Not seeking re-election
N01 Kuala Linggi Ismail Othman BN (UMNO) 4 November 2021[7] 2008 No nomination by the party
N03 Ayer Limau Amiruddin Yusop BN (UMNO)
N05 Taboh Naning Latipah Omar BN (UMNO)
N10 Asahan Abdul Ghafar Atan BN (UMNO) 2004
N25 Rim Ghazale Muhamad BN (UMNO) 2008
N27 Merlimau Roslan Ahmad BN (UMNO) 2011
N28 Sungai Rambai Hasan Abd Rahman BN (UMNO) 2008
N24 Bemban Wong Fort Pin PH (DAP) 5 November 2021 2018
N08 Machap Jaya Ginie Lim Siew Lin PH (PKR) 6 November 2021
N23 Telok Mas Noor Effandi Ahmad IND 8 November 2021 Not seeking re-election

Timeline

[edit]
Date Event[1]
5 October 2021 Dissolution of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly
17 October 2021 Issue of the Writ of Election
8 November 2021 Nomination day
8–20 November 2021 Campaigning period
16–19 November 2021 Early voting for postal, overseas and advance voters
20 November 2021 Polling day

Pre-nomination events

[edit]
Date Event
4 October 2021 Four Malacca assemblymen declared that they have lost confidence in Chief Minister Sulaiman Md Ali's leadership. The assemblymen are former Malacca Chief Minister Idris Haron, Nor Azman Hassan, Norhizam Hassan Baktee and Noor Effandi Ahmad. Idris said the move was due to a series of decisions not implemented by the state government, which he added portrayed Malacca as a 'flip flop' state.[8]
The membership of Idris Haron and Nor Azman Hassan in UMNO was automatically dropped after being involved in the movement to overthrow the existing Malacca State Government.[9]
5 October 2021 Malacca Assembly speaker disclosed that Malacca Chief Minister, Sulaiman Md Ali, took steps to dissolve the State Legislative Assembly starting 4 October 2021, in an effort to resolve the political crisis in the state. The dissolution of the state assembly was made after Sulaiman lost the majority of support, following the actions of four state assemblymen from the government bloc, withdrawing support for his leadership yesterday. The decision to dissolve the state assembly was made after the proposal submitted by Sulaiman received the approval of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, Mohd Ali Rustam.[10]
Malacca PN chief Rafiq Naizmohideen announced immediate loss of Noor Effandi Ahmad's membership in BERSATU. The declaration was made due to his apparent cooperation with PH by being together with PH in a previous press conference on 4 October.[11]
10 October 2021 Tanjung Bidara State Assemblyman Md Rawi Mahmud announces that he will not defend his constituency in the upcoming election.[7]
18 October 2021 The Malaysian Election Commission sets 8 November as the nomination day and 20 November as the polling day; this provides for a minimum campaigning period of 12 days.[12]
2 November 2021 A former member of the navy, Mohan Singh Booda Singh has announced his intention to contest as an Independent for the Gadek state constituency.[13]
5 November 2021 Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH, names its candidates for 8 of the state constituencies in Malacca, namely Gadek, Pengkalan Batu, Ayer Keroh, Kesidang, Kota Laksamana, Duyong, Bandar Hilir, and Bemban.[14]
6 November 2021 Barisan Nasional (BN) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 28 seats.[15]
Malaysia Mighty Bumiputera Party (PUTRA) announces its candidates for 5 of the state constituencies.[4]
National Indian Muslim Alliance Party (IMAN) announces its sole electoral candidate, who will contest the Machap Jaya state constituency.[5]
Pakatan Harapan (PH) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 20 seats.[16]
Perikatan Nasional (PN) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 28 seats.[17]
7 November 2021 Pengkalan Batu MLA Norhizam Hassan Baktee announces that he will retain his seat as an independent candidate.[18]

Electoral candidates

[edit]
No. Parliamentary Constituency No. State constituency Incumbent State Assemblyman Political parties[19][20]

Barisan Nasional

Pakatan Harapan

Perikatan Nasional

Other parties/Independent
Candidate Name Party Candidate Name Party Candidate Name Party Candidate Name Party
P134 Masjid Tanah N01 Kuala Linggi Ismail Othman (BN) Rosli Abdullah UMNO Julasapiah Kasim AMANAH Aziah Mohd Sa'ad PAS Kamisan Palil¹ IND
N02 Tanjung Bidara Md Rawi Mahmud (BN) Ab Rauf Yusoh UMNO Zainal Hassan PKR Mas Ermieyati Samsudin BERSATU
None
N03 Ayer Limau Amiruddin Yusop (BN) Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer UMNO Mazenah Baharuddin AMANAH Noordina Abd Latif BERSATU
N04 Lendu Sulaiman Md Ali (BN) Sulaiman Md Ali UMNO Mohamad Asri Ibrahim PKR Abdullah Mahadi BERSATU
N05 Taboh Naning Latipah Omar (BN) Zulkiflee Mohd Zin UMNO Zairi Subuh AMANAH Abu Hashim Abdul Samad PAS
P135 Alor Gajah N06 Rembia Muhammad Jailani Khamis (BN) Muhammad Jailani Khamis UMNO Zamri Pakiri PKR Zamzuri Arifin BERSATU Murali Krishnan IND
Sabarudin Kudus¹ IND
N07 Gadek Saminathan Ganesan (PH) Shanmugam Ptcyhay MIC Saminathan Ganesan DAP Mohd. Amir Fitri Muharram BERSATU Laila Norinda Maon PUTRA
Mohan Singh Booda Singh IND
Azafen Amin¹ IND
N08 Machap Jaya Ginie Lim Siew Lin (PH) Ngwe Hee Sem MCA Law Bing Haw PKR Tai Siong Jiul BERSATU Abdul Aziz Osani Kasim IMAN
Azlan Daud¹ IND
N09 Durian Tunggal Mohd Sofi Abdul Wahab (PH) Zahari Abdul Khalil UMNO Mohd Sofi Abdul Wahab AMANAH Ja'afar Othman PAS Mohd Erfan Mahrilar¹ IND
N10 Asahan Abdul Ghafar Atan (BN) Fairul Nizam Roslan UMNO Idris Haron PKR Dhanesh Basil GERAKAN Mohd Noor Saleh IND
Azmar Ab Hamid IND
Mohd Akhir Ayob¹ IND
P136 Tangga Batu N11 Sungai Udang Idris Haron (IND) Mohamad Ali Mohamad UMNO Hasmorni Tamby PKR Mohd Aleef Yusof BERSATU Mohd Zahar Hashim¹ IND
N12 Pantai Kundor Nor Azman Hassan (IND) Tuminah Kadi @ Mohd Hasim UMNO Nor Azman Hassan AMANAH Mohamad Ridzwan Mustafa BERSATU
None
N13 Paya Rumput Md Rafiq Naizamohideen (PN) Rais Yasin UMNO Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin PKR Muhammad Faris Izwan Mazlan BERSATU Muhammad Hashidi Mohd Zin PUTRA
Mohd Jaini Dimon¹ IND
N14 Kelebang Gue Teck (PH) Lim Ban Hong MCA Gue Teck PKR Bakri Jamaluddin PAS
None
P137 Hang Tuah Jaya N15 Pengkalan Batu Norhizam Hassan Baktee (IND) Kalsom Noordin UMNO Muhamad Danish Zainudin DAP Mohd Azrudin Md Idris BERSATU Mohd Aluwi Sari PUTRA
Norhizam Hassan Baktee IND
N16 Ayer Keroh Kerk Chee Yee (PH) Yong Fun Juan MCA Kerk Chee Yee DAP Micheal Gan Peng Lam GERAKAN
None
N17 Bukit Katil Adly Zahari (PH) Hasnoor Sidang Husin UMNO Adly Zahari AMANAH Muhammad Al Afiz Yahya PAS Abdul Hamid Mustapah¹ IND
N18 Ayer Molek Rahmad Mariman (BN) Rahmad Mariman UMNO Mohd Rafee Ibrahim PKR Mohd Fadly Samin BERSATU Ahmad Muaz Idris¹ IND
P138 Kota Melaka N19 Kesidang Allex Seah Shoo Chin (PH) Leong Hui Ying MCA Allex Seah Shoo Chin DAP Patrick Ng Chin Kae GERAKAN
None
N20 Kota Laksamana Low Chee Leong (PH) Benjamin Low Chin Hong MCA Low Chee Leong DAP Fong Khai Ling GERAKAN
N21 Duyong Damian Yeo Shen Li (PH) Mohd Norhelmy Abdul Halem UMNO Damian Yeo Shen Li DAP Kamarudin Sedik PAS Mohd Faizal Hamzah PUTRA
Muhamad Hafiz Ishak¹ IND
Gan Tian Soh IND
N22 Bandar Hilir Tey Kok Kiew (PH) Lee Kah Sean MCA Leng Chau Yen DAP Clarice Chan Ming Wang GERAKAN Mak Chee Kin IND
N23 Telok Mas Noor Effandi Ahmad (IND) Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman UMNO Asyraf Mukhlis Minghat AMANAH Md Rafiq Naizamohideen BERSATU Muhammad Ariff Adly Mohammad¹ IND
P139 Jasin N24 Bemban Wong Fort Pin (PH) Koh Chin Han MCA Tey Kok Kiew DAP Mohd Yadzil Yaakub BERSATU Ng Choon Koon IND
Azmi Kamis IND
N25 Rim Ghazale Muhamad (BN) Khaidiriah Abu Zahar UMNO Prasanth Kumar Brakasam PKR Azalina Abdul Rahman BERSATU
None
N26 Serkam Zaidi Attan (BN) Zaidi Attan UMNO Mohd Khomeini Kamal AMANAH Ahmad Bilal Rahaudin PAS Norazlanshah Hazali¹ IND
N27 Merlimau Roslan Ahmad (BN) Muhammad Akmal Saleh UMNO Azrin Ab Majid AMANAH Abd Alim Shapie PAS
None
N28 Sungai Rambai Hasan Abd Rahman (BN) Siti Faizah Abdul Aziz UMNO Farzana Hayani Mohd Nasir PKR Muhammad Jefri Safry BERSATU Nazatul Asyraf Md Dom PUTRA

Note: 1Independent candidates form 'Gagasan Bebas' informal Independent bloc and contested using the various symbols.[21]

Results

[edit]
For complete results, see Results of the 2021 Malacca state election.
Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Barisan NasionalUnited Malays National Organisation95,38229.8418+5
Malaysian Chinese Association24,3377.612+2
Malaysian Indian Congress3,0220.951+1
Total122,74138.3921+8
Pakatan HarapanDemocratic Action Party61,57719.264–4
People's Justice Party28,8219.020–3
National Trust Party24,0597.531–1
Total114,45735.805–8
Perikatan NasionalMalaysian United Indigenous Party46,68814.6020
Malaysian Islamic Party22,2526.9600
Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia8,7912.7500
Total77,73124.312–8
Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia3670.110New
National Indian Muslim Alliance Party1670.050New
Independents4,2261.3200
Total319,689100.00280
Valid votes319,68998.04
Invalid/blank votes6,3791.96
Total votes326,068100.00
Registered voters/turnout495,19665.85
Source: Dashboard SPR
↓ 
Barisan Nasional government (21) Pakatan Harapan-led opposition (7)*
21 2 5
Barisan Nasional Perikatan Nasional Pakatan Harapan
18 2 1 2 1 4
UMNO MCA MIC BERSATU AMANAH DAP
Malacca State Legislative Assembly, 20 November 2021 (28 seats)

By parliamentary constituency

[edit]

Barisan Nasional won 4 of 6 parliamentary constituency, including Masjid Tanah and Alor Gajah, which is held by Perikatan Nasional and Tangga Batu, which is held by Pakatan Harapan.

No. Constituency Barisan Nasional Pakatan Harapan Perikatan Nasional Member of Parliament
P134 Masjid Tanah 54.65% 15.43% 29.79% Mas Ermieyati Samsudin
P135 Alor Gajah 45.29% 32.10% 20.63%
Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof
P136 Tangga Batu 39.62% 27.26% 31.91% Rusnah Aluai
P137 Hang Tuah Jaya 36.56% 39.00% 21.42% Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin
P138 Kota Melaka 25.10% 58.48% 15.40% Khoo Poay Tiong
P139 Jasin 45.40% 20.96% 32.17% Ahmad Hamzah

Seats that changed allegiance

[edit]
No. Seat Previous Party (2018) Current Party (2021)
N6 Rembia Pakatan Harapan (PKR) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N7 Gadek Pakatan Harapan (DAP) Barisan Nasional (MIC)
N8 Machap Jaya Pakatan Harapan (PKR) Barisan Nasional (MCA)
N9 Durian Tunggal Pakatan Harapan (Amanah) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N11 Sungai Udang Barisan Nasional (UMNO) Perikatan Nasional (Bersatu)
N13 Paya Rumput Pakatan Harapan (Bersatu) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N14 Kelebang Pakatan Harapan (PKR) Barisan Nasional (MCA)
N15 Pengkalan Batu Pakatan Harapan (DAP) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N21 Duyong Pakatan Harapan (DAP) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N23 Telok Mas Pakatan Harapan (Bersatu) Barisan Nasional (UMNO)
N24 Bemban Pakatan Harapan (DAP) Perikatan Nasional (Bersatu)

Election pendulum

[edit]
2021 Malacca state election
GOVERNMENT SEATS
Marginal
Pengkalan Batu Kalsom Noordin UMNO 35.77
Kelebang Lim Ban Hong MCA 38.29
Duyong Mohd. Noor Helmy Abdul Halem UMNO 38.55
Gadek Shanmugam V. Pitchay MIC 39.26
Paya Rumput Rais Yasin UMNO 39.68
Pantai Kundor Tuminah Kadi @ Mohd Hashim UMNO 40.03
Rembia Muhammad Jailani Khamis UMNO 41.61
Telok Mas Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman UMNO 43.01
Serkam Zaidi Attan UMNO 43.32
Rim Khaidirah Abu Zahar UMNO 45.31
Machap Jaya Ngwe Hee Sem MCA 46.67
Sungai Rambai Siti Faizah Abd. Azis UMNO 48.08
Tanjung Bidara Ab. Rauf Yusoh UMNO 49.14
Kuala Linggi Rusli Abdullah UMNO 51.07
Ayer Molek Rahmad Mariman UMNO 51.07
Ayer Limau Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer UMNO 51.94
Fairly safe
Taboh Naning Zulkiflee Mohd. Zin UMNO 57.23
Merlimau Dr. Muhamad Akmal Salleh UMNO 58.43
Safe
Lendu Sulaiman Md. Ali UMNO 63.87
Asahan Fairul Nizam Roslan UMNO 65.77
NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS
Marginal
Bemban Dr. Mohd Yadzil Yaakub BERSATU 34.60
Bukit Katil Adly Zahari AMANAH 41.55
Sungai Udang Dr. Mohd. Aleef Yusof BERSATU 43.65
Fairly safe
Ayer Keroh Kerk Chee Yee DAP 59.97
Safe
Kesidang Allex Seah Shoo Chin DAP 65.86
Kota Laksamana Dr. Low Chee Leong DAP 80.83
Bandar Hilir Leng Chau Yen DAP 81.19

Aftermath

[edit]

Sulaiman were sworn in as Chief Minister of Malacca for the second time, on the morning of 21 November, a day after the election.[22] He holds the role until 30 March 2023, when he tendered his resignation letter to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca. He was replaced by Ab Rauf Yusoh, MLA for Tanjung Bidara and the UMNO state leader of Malacca, who was sworn in on 31 March 2023.[23] Six days after Ab Rauf's appointment, a minor EXCO reshuffle took place on 5 April, where 2 EXCO members were dropped and 3 EXCO members were added, including one Pakatan Harapan MLA, in a swearing in ceremony.[24] The new EXCO lineup is to reflect the government pact between PH and BN after the general election in November 2022.[25] In response to Rauf's appointment, Muhammad Jailani Khamis, one of the EXCO members dropped in the reshuffle announced his withdrawal of support to the Rauf-led state government, although he is not resigning from UMNO and requested to the party's disciplinary board to decide on his status.[26] He later were suspended of his UMNO membership by the party's disciplinary board for 6 years after spotted attending PN's by-election campaign in Simpang Jeram and Pulai. This made Jailani quit the party and joined PAS in June 2023, but were only announced by PAS secretary general one year later in July 2024.[27]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Fareez Azman (5 October 2021). "Dun Melaka dibubar - Speaker" (in Malay). Astro Awani. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Governor dissolves Melaka state assembly". Daily Express. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  3. ^ "BN-PN clash in Malacca polls sign of new politics - Annuar Musa".
  4. ^ a b "Melaka polls: Putra makes debut, fields five candidates". Bernama. The Edge Markets. 6 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Parti Iman bertanding satu kerusi di DUN Machap Jaya" (in Malay). Malaysia Gazette. 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  6. ^ Amran Mulup (10 October 2021). "Md. Rawi tidak pertahan DUN Tanjung Bidara". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  7. ^ a b FMT Reporters (4 November 2021). "PRN Melaka: Umno tampil 90% muka baharu" (in Malay). Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  8. ^ "Four Melaka assemblymen declare loss of confidence in Chief Minister's leadership". Astro Awani. 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  9. ^ "Keahlian Idris, Nor Azman dalam UMNO gugur". Sinar Harian (in Malay). 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  10. ^ "DUN Melaka bubar, pilihan raya dalam tempoh 60 hari" (in Malay). 5 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  11. ^ "Keahlian Noor Effandi yang berpaling tadah, gugur secara automatik - Mohd Rafiq" (in Malay). Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  12. ^ "PRN Melaka 20 November". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  13. ^ "Melaka Polls: Sikh lawyer to stand as Independent". The Star. 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  14. ^ "DAP to field two new faces in Malacca polls, sends state chief to riskier seat". 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  15. ^ "BN tanding di 28 kerusi PRN Melaka". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  16. ^ "Pakatan Harapan announces candidates for Melaka polls, to contest all 28 seats". The Star. 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  17. ^ "PRN Melaka: Pengumuman calon PN sahkan saingan tiga penjuru". Harian Metro (in Malay). 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  18. ^ "Norhizam umum tanding DUN Pengkalan Batu tiket Bebas". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  19. ^ "Dashboard SPR" (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. 7 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  20. ^ "Malacca State Election 2021". Bernama. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  21. ^ "PRN Melaka: 15 calon Bebas 'bersatu' bawah Gagasan Bebas". Astro Awani (in Malay). 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  22. ^ Bernama (21 November 2021). "Sulaiman returns as Melaka Chief Minister". www.astroawani.com. Astro AWANI Network Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  23. ^ Lynelle Tham (1 April 2023). "Meet Melaka's new chief minister". Free Malaysia Today. FMT Media Sdn Bhd. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  24. ^ Bernama (5 April 2023). "Three new faces in Melaka exco lineup including one from Pakatan, two dropped". Malay Mail. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  25. ^ Bernama (1 April 2023). "Melaka exco line-up to reflect unity govt, says new chief minister". Malay Mail. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  26. ^ Iskandar, Iylia Marsya (14 September 2023). "Let Umno disciplinary board decide Jailani's fate, says party sec-gen". nst.com.my. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  27. ^ Reporters, F. M. T. (19 July 2024). "I joined PAS as BN failed to deliver on election promises, says Jailani". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
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