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Private town

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Private towns[a] in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were privately owned towns within the lands owned by magnates, bishops, knights and princes, among others.

Zamość in the 17th century

Amongst the most well-known former private magnate towns are Białystok, Zamość, Rzeszów, Puławy, Tarnów, Siedlce, Biała Podlaska, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil and Uman. Magnate palaces and castles can be often found in former private magnate towns. Examples include the Branicki Palace in Białystok; the Czartoryski Palace in Puławy; the Zamoyski Palace in Zamość; the Lubomirski Castle in Rzeszów; the Radziwiłł Palace in Biała Podlaska; the Ogiński Palace in Siedlce; the Potocki Palaces in Międzyrzec Podlaski, Tulchyn and Vysokaye; the Wiśniowiecki Palace in Vyshnivets; and the Zbaraski Castle in Zbarazh.

Also various other landmarks were often founded by the owners, including town halls, churches, monasteries, schools and theatres, some rather unique, like the Mannerist Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Park and Baroque fortified Berdychiv Carmelite Monastery.

Some of the most known former private bishop towns include Łódź, Kielce, Łowicz, Pabianice and Skierniewice.

List of private towns

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City Population
(2015)[1][2] 		Former owners Country Administrative division
1. Białystok 295,282 House of Branicki (Gryf)  Poland Podlaskie Voivodeship
2. Poltava (Połtawa) 294,962 House of Wiśniowiecki,
House of Koniecpolski 		 Ukraine Poltava Oblast
3. Rivne (Równe) 249,639 House of Ostrogski,
House of Lubomirski 		 Ukraine Rivne Oblast
4. Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanisławów) 228,575 House of Potocki  Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
5. Ternopil (Tarnopol) 217,773 House of Tarnowski,
House of Ostrogski,
House of Zamoyski 		 Ukraine Ternopil Oblast
6. Rzeszów 183,108 House of Lubomirski  Poland Podkarpackie Voivodeship
7. Tarnów 112,120 House of Tarnowski  Poland Lesser Poland Voivodeship
8. Maladzyechna (Mołodeczno) 94,686 House of Sapieha,
House of Gosiewski,
House of Ogiński 		 Belarus Minsk Region
9. Uman (Humań) 86,451 House of Potocki  Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast
10. Berdychiv (Berdyczów) 77,788 House of Tyszkiewicz,
House of Zawisza,
House of Radziwiłł 		 Ukraine Zhytomyr Oblast
11. Siedlce 76,347 House of Ogiński  Poland Masovian Voivodeship
12. Zhlobin (Żłobin) 75,700 House of Chodkiewicz

Bona Sforza

 Belarus Gomel Region
13. Ostrów Wielkopolski 72,890 House of Przebendowski  Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship
14. Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 72,277 House of Tarnowski  Poland Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
15. Smila (Smiła) 68,618 House of Lubomirski  Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast
16. Chervonohrad (Krystynopol) 67,863 House of Potocki  Ukraine Lviv Oblast
17. Kalush (Kałusz) 67,631 House of Sieniawski  Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
18. Zamość 65,255 House of Zamoyski  Poland Lublin Voivodeship
19. Leszno 64,589 House of Leszczyński,[3]
House of Sułkowski 		 Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship
20. Zhodzina (Żodzino) 63,722 House of Radziwiłł  Belarus Minsk Region

Private clergy towns

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Former private clergy towns by population as of 2015:

City Population
(2015) 		Former owners Country
(2023) 		Administrative division (2023)
1. Łódź 711,332 Diocese of Kujawy[4]  Poland Łódź Voivodeship
2. Kielce 199,870 Diocese of Kraków  Poland Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
3. Olsztyn 174,675 Diocese of Warmia  Poland Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
4. Włocławek 114,885 Diocese of Kujawy  Poland Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
5. Suwałki 69,317 Camaldolese  Poland Podlaskie Voivodeship
6. Pabianice 67,688 Diocese of Kraków[5]  Poland Łódź Voivodeship
7. Skierniewice 48,634 Archdiocese of Gniezno  Poland Łódź Voivodeship
8. Fastiv (Fastów) 47,869 Diocese of Kyiv  Ukraine Kyiv Oblast
9. Marijampolė (Mariampol) 38,345 Marians  Lithuania Marijampolė County
10. Czeladź 32,940 Diocese of Kraków  Poland Silesian Voivodeship
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Belarusian: прыватныя гарады, Lithuanian: privatūs miestai, Polish: prywatne miasta, Ukrainian: приватні міста.

References

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  1. ^ "Lista miast w Polsce (spis miast, mapa miast, liczba ludności, powierzchnia, wyszukiwarka)". Polska w liczbach.
  2. ^ "zb_chnnu2016pdf ZIP file".
  3. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część II. Komentarz, indeksy (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 2017. p. 254.
  4. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Województwo sieradzkie i województwo łęczyckie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część II. Komentarz, indeksy (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1998. p. 67.
  5. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Województwo sieradzkie i województwo łęczyckie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część II. Komentarz, indeksy (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1998. p. 68.
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