Troides magellanus

Magellan birdwing
Male T. m. sonani
Dorsal view
Conservation status
CITES Appendix II (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Troides
Species:	T. magellanus
Binomial name
Troides magellanus (Felder, 1862)
Distribution map for Troides magellanus (orange) and Troides aeacus (red)

Troides magellanus, the Magellan birdwing, is a large and striking species of birdwing butterfly found in the Philippines and on Taiwan's Orchid Island.

This butterfly is named for the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who was killed in the Philippines in 1521.

Description

For explanation of terms, see External morphology of Lepidoptera.

As Pompeoptera Magellanus in Robert Henry Fernando Rippon's Icones Ornithopterorum (1898 to 1906)

Male: The forewings are ground colour black. The veins are bordered by white. The underside of the forewings is very similar to the upperside, but some veins are bordered by yellow. The hindwings are golden yellow. The veins and the marginal edge of the hindwing are black. The golden area has an opal, green or blue colour at a certain angle. The underside of the hindwing is very similar to the upperside and also has the optical effect.

The body (abdomen) is yellowish, but the underside is yellow. Head and thorax are black.

Female: is sexually dimorphic. The female is larger than the male. The ground colour of the female is dark brown to black. The veins are bordered by white colour shading. There is a golden area with dark veins on the hindwings. At the edge there is a postdiscal chain of golden spots. The underside is very similar to the upperside.

Troides magellanus at the angle at which iridescence appears. Same specimen as in the box above right.

Iridescence

T. magellanus shows a blue-green sheen if viewed from an oblique angle. Troides magellanus and the much rarer T. prattorum, are noted for their use of limited-view iridescence: the yellow of the dorsal hindwings is modified by bright blue-green iridescence which is only seen when the butterfly is viewed at a narrow, oblique angle. This "grazing iridescence" is brought about through diffraction of light (after back reflection) by the wings' extremely steeply set, multilayered rib-like scales (rather than the ridge-lamellae of most other iridescent butterflies, such as Morpho species). Such limited-view iridescence was previously only known from one other species, the lycaenid Ancyluris meliboeus. In A. meliboeus, however, the iridescence is produced by ridge-lamellar scales and features a wider range of colours.

Plate accompanying the original description

Distribution

Philippines Batan Island, Babuyan Island, Luzon, Polillo, Marinduque, Cuyo Island, Samar, Cebu, Leyte, Bohol and Mindanao.

Taiwan Orchid Island only.

Biology

Larvae feed on species of Aristolochia - A. acuminata, A. debilis, A. kankauensis, A. tagala and A. zollingeriana

Subspecies

• Troides magellanus magellanus Philippines
• Troides magellanus sonani (Matsumura, 1931) 65 km south-east of Taïwan on Orchid Island

Forma

• Troides magellanus f. apoensis Okano & Ohkura, 1978
• Troides magellanus f. leyteanus Okano & Ohkura, 1983

Related species

Troides magellanus is a member of the Troides aecus species group. The members of this clade are:

• Troides aeacus C. & R. Felder, 1860
• Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
• Troides minos (Cramer, [1779])
• Troides rhadamantus (Lucas, 1835)
• Troides dohertyi (Rippon, 1893)
• Troides prattorum (Joicey & Talbot, 1922)

See also

• Ecoregions in the Philippines

References

• Haugum, J. and Low, A.M. (1985) A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies. Scandinavian Science Press, Klampenborg. ISBN 87-87491-22-2
• Jumalon, Julian N. (1966) Notes on two Philippine Birdwings (Troides magellanus and Trogonoptera trojana) Philippine Scientist 1966:13-21.
• Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
• D'Abrera, B. (1975) Birdwing Butterflies of the World. Country Life Books, London.
• Okano, Masao; & Ohkura, Jozaburo, 1978 The geographical races of Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder). Artes Liberales 23:173-175
• Kurt Rumbucher; Béla von Knötgen, 1999 Part.6, Papilionidae. 3, Troides. 1 aeacus- group in Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Eds. Butterflies of the World Keltern: Goecke & Evers 1999. ISBN 978-3-931374-72-3

External links

• Troides magellanus at Ngypal
• Butterflycorner.net Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (English/German)
• Mindanao montane rain forests