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small black bird held in hand
Perijá tapaculo

Rhinocryptidae is a family of passerine birds in the parvorder Furnariida.[1] Most species in the family are called tapaculos, although some are known as huet-huets, gallitos, bristlefronts, turcas, or bamboowrens.[2] Tapaculos are endemic to the Neotropics and inhabit dense undergrowth in a variety of habitats, from lowland tropical rainforest to páramo and puna grassland high in the Andes. Tapaculos are usually extremely secretive, ground-dwelling birds that are best detected by their vocalizations. Several species of tapaculos may even be flightless.[1] Tapaculos are generally blackish or grayish with rufous-and-black markings on the tail and sides, and are best identified by their calls.[3] Several species of tapaculos are threatened with extinction, with habitat loss being the principal threat to most species.[1] Stresemann's bristlefront is considered to be critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, with a maximum estimated population of 49 mature individuals, and another seven species are considered to be endangered.

There are currently 65 species of tapaculos recognized by the International Ornithologists' Union, distributed among 12 genera, 7 of which have only one species. The most species-rich genus is Scytalopus, with 49 species.[2] Tapaculo diversity is highest in the Andes, where a combination of the poor flying ability of Scytalopus tapaculos and complex topography has led to high levels of population isolation, with more than 30 species having been described from the region.[3][4] Despite their high diversity, Scytalopus tapaculos are difficult to differentiate on the basis of appearance and are generally described based on genetic data and differences in vocalizations.[3] The number of known tapaculo species has drastically increased as the amount of genetic and vocal data available has increased, but diversity within the genus is likely still underestimated.[3]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (7 species)
 VU Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT Near threatened (8 species)
 LC Least concern (44 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (0 species)
 NE Not evaluated (5 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the tapaculo's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List.[2] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[a] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[6] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

[edit]

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognizes 65 species of tapaculos in 12 genera;[2] some other authorities recognise as few as 60 species.[5] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Rhinocryptidae

Pteroptochos – huet-huets and moustached turca (3 species)

Scelorchilus – tapaculos (2 species)

Liosceles – rusty-belted tapaculo

Psilorhamphus – spotted bamboowren

Acropternis – ocellated tapaculo

Rhinocrypta – crested gallito

Teledromas – sandy gallito

Eleoscytalopus – tapaculos (2 species)

Merulaxis – bristlefronts (2 species)

Myornis – ash-colored tapaculo

Eugralla – ochre-flanked tapaculo

Scytalopus – tapaculos (49 species)

Cladogram based on a 2020 study by Harvey et al.[7]

Rhinocryptids

[edit]
Genus Acropternis – Cabanis & Heine, 1859 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Ocellated tapaculo

A. orthonyx
(Lafresnaye, 1843)

Two subspecies
  • A. o. orthonyx
  • A. o. infuscatus
Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[8]

Genus Pteroptochos – Kittlitz, 1830 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Chestnut-throated huet-huet

P. castaneus
Philippi & Landbeck, 1864 		Central Chile and west-central Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Black-throated huet-huet

P. tarnii
(King, P. P., 1831) 		Southwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[10]

Moustached turca

P. megapodius
Kittlitz, 1830

Two subspecies
  • P. m. atacamae
  • P. m. megapodius
Chile
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[11]

Genus Scelorchilus – Kittlitz, 1830 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-throated tapaculo

S. albicollis
(Kittlitz, 1830)

Two subspecies
  • S. a. atacamae
  • S. a. albicollis
Chile
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[12]

Chucao tapaculo

S. rubecula
(Kittlitz, 1830)

Two subspecies
  • S. r. rubecula
  • S. r. mochae
Southwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[13]

Genus Rhinocrypta – Gray, G. R., 1841 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Crested gallito

R. lanceolata
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)

Two subspecies
  • R. l. saturata
  • R. l. lanceolata
South-central South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[14]

Genus Teledromas – Wetmore & Peters, 1922 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Sandy gallito

T. fuscus
(Sclater, P. L. & Salvin, 1873) 		Central Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[15]

Genus Liosceles – Sclater, P. L., 1865 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rusty-belted tapaculo

L. thoracicus
(Sclater, P. L., 1865)

Three subspecies
  • L. t. dugandi
  • L. t. erithacus
  • L. t. thoracicus
Western and southwestern Amazon rainforest
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[16]

Genus Psilorhamphus – Sclater, P. L., 1855 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Spotted bamboowren

P. guttatus
(Ménétriés, 1835) 		Brazil and northeastern Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[17]

Genus Merulaxis – Lesson, R. P., 1831 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Slaty bristlefront

M. ater
Lesson, R. P., 1831 		Southeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Stresemann's bristlefront


M. stresemanni
Sick, 1960 		Eastern Brazil
Map of range 		 CR 


1–49 Population declining[19]

Genus Eugralla – Lesson, R. P., 1842 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Ochre-flanked tapaculo

E. paradoxa
(Kittlitz, 1830) 		Southwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Genus Myornis – Chapman, 1915 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Ash-colored tapaculo

M. senilis
(Lafresnaye, 1840) 		Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[21]

Genus Eleoscytalopus – Maurício, Mata, Bornschein, Cadena, Alvarenga & Bonatto, 2008 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-breasted tapaculo

E. indigoticus
(Wied, 1831) 		Southeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Bahia tapaculo

E. psychopompus
(Teixeira & Carnevalli, 1989) 		Eastern Brazil
Map of range 		 EN 


250–999 Population declining[23]

Genus Scytalopus – Gould, 1837 – 49 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Marsh tapaculo

S. iraiensis
Bornschein, Reinert & Pichorim, 1998 		Southern Brazil
Map of range 		 EN 


250–999 Population declining[24]

Diamantina tapaculo

S. diamantinensis
Bornschein, Maurício, Belmonte-Lopes, Mata & Bonatto, 2007 		Northeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 EN 


2500–9999 Population declining[25]

Brasília tapaculo

S. novacapitalis
Sick, 1958 		Southern Brazil
Map of range 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Rock tapaculo

S. petrophilus
Whitney, de Vasconcelos, Silveira & Pacheco, 2010 		Southeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Planalto tapaculo

S. pachecoi
Maurício, 2005 		Southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[28]

Boa Nova tapaculo


S. gonzagai
Maurício, Belmonte-Lopes, Pacheco, Silveira, Whitney & Bornschein, 2014 		Southeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 EN 


1000–2499 Population declining[29]

Mouse-colored tapaculo

S. speluncae
(Ménétries, 1835) 		Southeastern Brazil
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Dusky tapaculo


S. fuscus
Gould, 1837 		Central Chile
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Magellanic tapaculo

S. magellanicus
(Gmelin, J. F., 1789) 		Chile and Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Ancash tapaculo

S. affinis
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		Western Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[33]

White-winged tapaculo


S. krabbei
Schulenberg, Lane, Spencer, AJ, Angulo & Cadena, 2020 		North-central Peru
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Loja tapaculo

S. androstictus
Krabbe and Cadena, 2010 		Southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Paramo tapaculo

S. opacus
Zimmer, J. T., 1941 		Central Colombia to south-central Ecuador
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[34]

Paramillo tapaculo


S. canus
Chapman, 1915 		Western Colombia
Map of range 		 NT 


3300–15500 Population declining[35]

White-browed tapaculo

S. superciliaris
Cabanis, 1883

Two subspecies
  • S. s. superciliaris
  • S. s. santabarbarae
Northwestern Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[36]

Zimmer's tapaculo

S. zimmeri
Bond, J. & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 		Southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[37]

Puna tapaculo

S. simonsi
Chubb, C., 1917 		Southeastern Peru to central Bolivia
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[38]

Diademed tapaculo

S. schulenbergi
Whitney, 1994 		Southeastern Peru to central Bolivia
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[39]

Vilcabamba tapaculo

S. urubambae
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		East-central Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


2500–9999 Population steady[40]

Ampay tapaculo


S. whitneyi
Krabbe et al., 2020 		Southern Peru
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Jalca tapaculo

S. frankeae
Krabbe et al., 2020 		Central Peru
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Neblina tapaculo

S. altirostris
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		Northern Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[41]

Trilling tapaculo

S. parvirostris
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		North-central Peru to east-central Bolivia
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Bolivian tapaculo


S. bolivianus
Allen, J. A., 1889 		Southeastern Peru to southern Bolivia
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[43]

White-crowned tapaculo

S. atratus
Hellmayr, 1922

Three subspecies
  • S. a. nigricans
  • S. a. atratus
  • S. a. confusus
Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[44]

Santa Marta tapaculo

S. sanctaemartae
Chapman, 1915 		Northern Colombia
Map of range 		 NT 


22000 Population declining[45]

Long-tailed tapaculo

S. micropterus
(Sclater, P. L., 1858) 		Colombia to northern Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[46]

Rufous-vented tapaculo


S. femoralis
(Tschudi, 1844) 		Central Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[47]

Utcubamba tapaculo


S. intermedius
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		North-central Peru
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Large-footed tapaculo


S. macropus
Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 		Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[48]

Junin tapaculo

S. gettyae
Hosner et al., 2013 		Central Peru
Map of range 		 NT 


10000–19999 Population steady[49]

Unicolored tapaculo


S. unicolor
Salvin, 1895 		West-central Peru
Map of range 		 NT 


8500–11500 Population declining[50]

Tschudi's tapaculo

S. acutirostris
(Tschudi, 1844) 		Central Peru
Map of range 		 LC 


140,000 Population steady[51]

Blackish tapaculo

S. latrans
Hellmayr, 1924

Two subspecies
  • S. l. latrans
  • S. l. subcinereus
Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[52]

Silvery-fronted tapaculo

S. argentifrons
Ridgway, 1891

Two subspecies
  • S. a. argentifrons
  • S. a. chiriquensis
Costa Rica and Panama
Map of range 		 LC 


50000–499999 Population steady[53]

Nariño tapaculo

S. vicinior
Zimmer, J. T., 1939 		Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[54]

Tacarcuna tapaculo


S. panamensis
Chapman, 1915 		Eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia
Map of range 		 NT 


2500–9999 Population steady[55]

Chocó tapaculo

S. chocoensis
Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997 		Eastern Panama to northwestern Ecuador
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[56]

Magdalena tapaculo


S. rodriguezi
Krabbe et al., 2005

Two subspecies
  • S. r. yariguiorum
  • S. r. rodriguezi
Central Colombia
Map of range 		 EN 


1500–7000 Population declining[57]

Stiles's tapaculo

S. stilesi
Cuervo et al., 2005 		Central Colombia
Map of range 		 LC 


40000–180000 Population declining[58]

Tatama tapaculo

S. alvarezlopezi
Cuervo et al., 2005 		Western Colombia
Map of range 		 NT 


20000–49999 Population declining[59]

El Oro tapaculo


S. robbinsi
Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997 		Southwestern Ecuador
Map of range 		 EN 


1900–5000 Population declining[60]

Caracas tapaculo


S. caracae
Hellmayr, 1922 		Northern Venezuela
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[61]

Pale-bellied tapaculo

S. griseicollis
(Lafresnaye, 1840)

Three subspecies
  • S. g. gilesi
  • S. g. griseicollis
  • S. g. morenoi
Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[62]

Brown-rumped tapaculo

S. latebricola
Bangs, 1899 		Northern Colombia
Map of range 		 NT 


Unknown Population steady[63]

Perijá tapaculo

S. perijanus
Avendaño et al., 2015 		Perijá Mountains
Map of range 		 NT 


10000–19999 Population declining[64]

Mérida tapaculo


S. meridanus
Hellmayr, 1922

Two subspecies
  • S. m. meridanus
  • S. m. fuscicauda
Northwestern Venezuela
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[65]

Chusquea tapaculo

S. parkeri
Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997 		Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[66]

Spillmann's tapaculo


S. spillmanni
Stresemann, 1937 		Northwestern South America
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[67]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (4 March 2020), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), "Tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.rhinoc1.01, S2CID 243247124, retrieved 19 June 2023
  2. ^ a b c d Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Krabbe, Niels K.; Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Hosner, Peter A.; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.; Davis, Tristan J.; Rosenberg, Gary H.; Lane, Daniel F.; Andersen, Michael J.; Robbins, Mark B.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel; Valqui, Thomas; Salter, Jessie F.; Spencer, Andrew J.; Angulo, Fernando; Fjeldså, Jon (5 April 2020). "Untangling cryptic diversity in the High Andes: Revision of the Scytalopus [magellanicus] complex (Rhinocryptidae) in Peru reveals three new species". The Auk. 137 (2). doi:10.1093/auk/ukaa003. ISSN 0004-8038.
  4. ^ Maurício, Giovanni Nachtigall; Belmonte-Lopes, Ricardo; Pacheco, José Fernando; Silveira, Luís Fábio; Whitney, Bret M.; Bornschein, Marcos Ricardo (27 August 2014). "Taxonomy of "Mouse-colored Tapaculos" (II): An endangered new species from the montane Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus )". The Auk. 131 (4): 643–659. doi:10.1642/AUK-14-16.1. ISSN 0004-8038.
  5. ^ a b "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  6. ^ Clements, James F.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2023). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2023". Clements Checklist. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  7. ^ Harvey, Michael G.; Bravo, Gustavo A.; Claramunt, Santiago; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Derryberry, Graham E.; Battilana, Jaqueline; Seeholzer, Glenn F.; McKay, Jessica Shearer; O’Meara, Brian C.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Edwards, Scott V.; Pérez-Emán, Jorge; Moyle, Robert G.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Aleixo, Alexandre (11 December 2020). "The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot". Science. 370 (6522): 1343–1348. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1343H. doi:10.1126/science.aaz6970. hdl:10138/329703. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33303617.
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Acropternis orthonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703554A216501012. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Pteroptochos castaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703421A130328965. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703421A130328965.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Pteroptochos tarnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703426A130329211. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703426A130329211.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Pteroptochos megapodius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703431A216470947. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scelorchilus albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703434A216471919. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Scelorchilus rubecula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703437A130329453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703437A130329453.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  14. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Rhinocrypta lanceolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703440A93923185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703440A93923185.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Teledromas fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703443A93923357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703443A93923357.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  16. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Liosceles thoracicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703446A216499976. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Psilorhamphus guttatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703471A210323372. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703471A210323372.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  18. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Merulaxis ater". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703474A210365334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703474A210365334.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  19. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Merulaxis stresemanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22703477A161689029. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22703477A161689029.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  20. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Eugralla paradoxa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703480A130329722. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703480A130329722.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  21. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Myornis senilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703483A93925412. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703483A93925412.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  22. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Eleoscytalopus indigoticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703546A210360985. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703546A210360985.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  23. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Eleoscytalopus psychopompus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703535A210332902. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703535A210332902.en. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  24. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus iraiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22728464A94986972. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728464A94986972.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  25. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus diamantinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22736188A215960894. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  26. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Scytalopus novacapitalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703531A131361562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703531A131361562.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  27. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus petrophilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22736340A215954030. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  28. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus pachecoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22734687A210410251. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22734687A210410251.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  29. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus gonzagai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T103661238A215965299. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  30. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Scytalopus speluncae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22703527A132071050. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22703527A132071050.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  31. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Scytalopus fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22729286A152637050. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22729286A152637050.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  32. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus magellanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22730463A95028275. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22730463A95028275.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  33. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22733255A95055949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733255A95055949.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  34. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus opacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22736482A95135309. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22736482A95135309.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  35. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus canus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22736477A197484928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22736477A197484928.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  36. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus superciliaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703524A93926770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703524A93926770.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  37. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus zimmeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22733291A95057016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733291A95057016.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  38. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus simonsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729298A95011782. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729298A95011782.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  39. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus schulenbergi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22724472A94868125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724472A94868125.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  40. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus urubambae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22733286A210559042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22733286A210559042.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  41. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus altirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22733261A210588638. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22733261A210588638.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  42. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus parvirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22729303A215950695. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  43. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus bolivianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729251A95010649. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729251A95010649.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  44. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus atratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729245A95010478. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729245A95010478.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  45. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus sanctaemartae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22729258A210428163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22729258A210428163.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  46. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus micropterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22733272A95056260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733272A95056260.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  47. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703496A93925884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703496A93925884.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  48. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus macropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703493A93925728. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703493A93925728.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  49. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus gettyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T103660951A182349442. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T103660951A182349442.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  50. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703487A210369892. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703487A210369892.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  51. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus acutirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22729275A210552654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22729275A210552654.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  52. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus latrans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22730438A215947551. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  53. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus argentifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703510A140514936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22703510A140514936.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  54. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus vicinior". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22703505A93926298. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703505A93926298.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  55. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus panamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22703501A179421736. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22703501A179421736.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  56. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus chocoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729076A95005266. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729076A95005266.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  57. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Scytalopus rodriguezi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22734661A155471956. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22734661A155471956.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  58. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus stilesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22734658A210603923. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22734658A210603923.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  59. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus alvarezlopezi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T155256104A182265949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T155256104A182265949.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  60. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Scytalopus robbinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22733280A130507969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22733280A130507969.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  61. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus caracae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729265A95010977. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729265A95010977.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  62. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus griseicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729291A95011616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729291A95011616.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  63. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus latebricola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22703513A197499379. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22703513A197499379.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  64. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Scytalopus perijanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T103661232A197476522. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T103661232A197476522.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  65. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Scytalopus meridanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22736285A95129495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22736285A95129495.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  66. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Scytalopus parkeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22733277A210594271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22733277A210594271.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  67. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Scytalopus spillmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22729270A132179752. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729270A132179752.en. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
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