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List of smallest exoplanets

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A size comparison of the planets in the Kepler-37 system and objects in the Solar System

Below is a list of the smallest exoplanets so far discovered, in terms of physical size, ordered by radius.

List

[edit]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The sizes are listed in units of Earth radii (R🜨). All planets listed are smaller than Earth and Venus, up to 0.7 Earth radii. The NASA Exoplanet Archive is used as the main data source.[1][2]

Exoplanet Radius (R🜨) Notes and references
SDSS J0845+2257 b 0.01-0.013 Planetesimal, enhanced in iron and silicates. [3]
WD 1145+017 b ~0.03[4] Disintegrating planetesimal, likely one of several orbiting its star. Likely about one-tenth the mass of Ceres and ~200 km in radius.[4]
Ceres 0.0742 Shown for comparison
Pluto 0.1863 Shown for comparison
Moon 0.2725 Shown for comparison
Kepler-37b 0.3098+0.0059
−0.0076 		Smallest known exoplanet.[5][6]
PSR B1257+12 b (Draugr) ~0.338 Least massive known exoplanet, at 0.02 Earth masses. Radius estimated from mass-radius relationship.[7]
Kepler-1520b ≲0.36 Disintegrating planets with poorly known radii, all thought to be smaller than Mercury.[8][9]
KOI-2700b
K2-22b
Mercury 0.3826 Shown for comparison
Kepler-879c 0.4±0.1 [10]
Kepler-444b 0.403+0.016
−0.014 		[11]
Ganymede 0.413 Shown for comparison
Kepler-158d 0.43±0.05 [10]
Kepler-102b 0.460±0.026 [6]
Kepler-444c 0.497+0.021
−0.017 		[11]
Kepler-1971b (KOI-4777.01) 0.51±0.03 [12]
Kepler-1489c 0.51±0.08 [10]
Kepler-1994b 0.51+0.06
−0.05 		[13]
Kepler-1308b 0.52+0.06
−0.05
Kepler-444d 0.530+0.022
−0.019 		[11]
Mars 0.5325 Shown for comparison
Kepler-62c 0.54±0.03
Kepler-444e 0.546+0.017
−0.015 		[11]
Gliese 238 b 0.566±0.014 [14]
Kepler-102c 0.567±0.028 [6]
Kepler-42d 0.57±0.18
Kepler-1583b 0.60+0.09
−0.05
Kepler-1998b 0.6+0.08
−0.04 		[15]
Kepler-963c 0.6±0.2 [10]
Kepler-1087b 0.61+0.17
−0.05
K2-89b 0.615±0.080
Kepler-1877b 0.624
K2-137b 0.64±0.10[16] The discovery paper finds a larger radius of 0.89±0.09 R🜨[17]
Kepler-1371c 0.64+0.07
−0.05
Kepler-138b 0.64±0.02 [18]
Kepler-1130d 0.645
Kepler-1351b 0.65+0.05
−0.04
Kepler-1542c 0.65+0.09
−0.06
Kepler-271d 0.66±0.05
Kepler-431c 0.668
Kepler-1558b 0.68+0.06
−0.04
LHS 1678 b 0.685+0.037
−0.035 		[19]
K2-116b 0.69±0.04
Kepler-141b 0.69±0.05
K2-297b (EPIC 201497682 b) 0.692+0.059
−0.048
Gliese 367 b (Tahay) 0.699±0.024 Smallest known exoplanet within 10 parsecs.[20]
Kepler-2003b (KOI-4978.02) 0.7±0.1 [10]
Kepler-378c 0.70±0.05

Excluded objects

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Kepler-37e is listed with a radius of 0.37±0.18 R🜨 in the Exoplanet Archive based on KOI data, but the existence of this planet is doubtful,[21] and assuming its existence, a 2023 study found a mass of 8.1±1.7 M🜨, inconsistent with such a small radius.[22]

KOI-6705.01, listed as a potential very small planet in the KOI dataset, was shown to be a false positive in 2016.[23]

Candidate planets

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Below shows a list candidate planets below 0.7 R🜨. These planets have yet to be confirmed.

Kepler object of interest Radius (R🜨) Notes and references
SDSS J1228+1040 b
(SDSS J122859.92+104033.0 b, WD 1226+110 b) 		0.010+0.0504
−0.0085[24][25] 		Extrasolar planetesimal. Likely a remnant iron core. Radius is in the range of 1.2 – 120 km.[24] Has been disputed in a 2023 publication.[26]
KOI-4582.01 0.35[27]
KOI-2298.03 0.36[27]
KIC 1718360.01 0.366[28]
KOI-2169.04 0.37[27]
KOI-7174.01 0.37[27]
KOI-8012.01 0.42[27]
KOI-6860.01 0.43[27]
KOI-2059.02 0.44[27]
KOI-304.02 0.46[27]
KOI-7793.01 0.46[27]
KOI-2678.02 0.48[27]
KOI-6631.01 0.48[27]
KOI-2421.02 0.48[27]
KOI-5974.01 0.49[27]
KOI-3444.03 0.5[27]
KOI-2295.01 0.52[27]
KOI-7863.01 0.52[27]
KOI-2612.02 0.53[27]
KOI-4657.01 0.54[27]
KOI-8257.01 0.54[27]
KOI-115.03 (Kepler-105d) 0.55+0.08
−0.07 		[29]
KOI-2421.01 0.55[27]
KOI-4097.02 0.55[27]
KOI-7645.01 0.55[27]
KOI-3208.01 0.56[27]
KOI-6763.01 0.56[27]
KOI-2859.03 0.57[27]
KOI-4146.02 0.57[27]
KOI-2859.04 0.57[27]
KOI-7873.01 0.57[27]
TOI-4307.02 0.57±0.14[30]
KOI-2657.01 0.58[27]
KOI-8277.01 0.58[27]
KOI-4296.01 0.59[27]
KOI-3196.01 0.59[27]
KOI-5692.01 0.59[27]
KOI-1964.01 0.6[27]
KOI-4407.01 0.6[27]
KOI-4871.01 0.6[27]
KOI-5211.01 0.6[27]
KOI-7888.01 0.6[27]
KOI-3184.03 0.6[27]
KOI-8183.01 0.6[27]
KOI-3083.02 0.61[27]
KOI-4421.01 0.61[27]
KOI-4716.01 0.61[27]
KOI-3102.01 0.61[27]
KOI-7032.01 0.61[27]
KOI-1843.03 0.61+0.12
−0.08 		[31]
KOI-1499.02 0.62[27]
KOI-605.02 0.62[27]
KOI-7676.01 0.62[27]
KOI-4849.01 0.62[27]
KOI-365.02 0.62[27]
KOI-7116.01 0.62[27]
KOI-4421.02 0.62[27]
KOI-7949.01 0.62[27]
KOI-2029.04 0.63[27]
KOI-6889.01 0.63[27]
KOI-2636.02 0.63[27]
KOI-3248.01 0.64[27]
KOI-5213.01 0.64[27]
KOI-6276.01 0.64[27]
KOI-7617.01 0.64[27]
KOI-7903.01 0.64[27]
KOI-7925.01 0.64[27]
KOI-8174.01 0.64[27]
KOI-3083.03 0.65[27]
KOI-4875.01 0.65[27]
KOI-4808.01 0.65[27]
KOI-6568.01 0.65[27]
KOI-1619.01 0.66[27]
KOI-3111.02 0.66[27]
KOI-2859.05 0.66[27]
KOI-3017.01 0.67[27]
KOI-4907.01 0.67[27]
KOI-1616.02 0.67[27]
KOI-6299.01 0.67[27]
KOI-8211.01 0.67[27]
KOI-2593.02 0.68[27]
KOI-4605.01 0.68[27]
KOI-7832.01 0.68[27]
KOI-7483.01 0.68[27]
KOI-2623.02 0.68[27]
KOI-7924.01 0.68[27]
KOI-7628.01 0.69[27]
KOI-4129.01 0.69[27]
KOI-4822.01 0.69[27]
KOI-6600.01 0.69[27]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Staff (10 July 2017). "Exoplanet Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  2. ^ "Planetary Systems Composite Data". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  3. ^ https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/451/3/3237/1197266?login=false
  4. ^ a b Rappaport, S.; Gary, B. L. (June 2016). "Drifting asteroid fragments around WD 1145+017". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 458 (4): 3904–3917. arXiv:1602.00740. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458.3904R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw612.
  5. ^ Simukoff, E.; et al. (2013). "Below One Earth Mass: The Detection, Formation, and Properties of Subterrestrial Worlds". Space Science Reviews. 180 (1–4): 71. arXiv:1308.6308. Bibcode:2013SSRv..180...71S. doi:10.1007/s11214-013-0019-1. S2CID 118597064.
  6. ^ a b c Bonomo, A. S.; Dumusque, X.; et al. (September 2023). "Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: A33. arXiv:2304.05773. Bibcode:2023A&A...677A..33B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346211. S2CID 258078829.
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  19. ^ Silverstein, Michele L.; Barclay, Thomas; et al. (May 2024). "Validation of a Third Planet in the LHS 1678 System". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (6): 255. arXiv:2403.00110. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..255S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad3040.
  20. ^ Goffo, Elisa; Gandolfi, Davide; et al. (September 2023). "Company for the ultra-high density, ultra-short period sub-Earth GJ 367 b: discovery of two additional low-mass planets at 11.5 and 34 days". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 955 (1): L3. arXiv:2307.09181. Bibcode:2023ApJ...955L...3G. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace0c7.
  21. ^ Rajpaul, V. M.; Buchhave, L. A.; Lacedelli, G.; Rice, K.; Mortier, A.; Malavolta, L.; Aigrain, S.; Borsato, L.; Mayo, A. W.; Charbonneau, D.; Damasso, M.; Dumusque, X.; Ghedina, A.; Latham, D. W.; López-Morales, M.; Magazzù, A.; Micela, G.; Molinari, E.; Pepe, F.; Piotto, G.; Poretti, E.; Rowther, S.; Sozzetti, A.; Udry, S.; Watson, C. A. (2021), "A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: A case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507 (2): 1847–1868, arXiv:2107.13900, Bibcode:2021MNRAS.507.1847R, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2192
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