List of equipment of the Royal Netherlands Army
This is a list of the equipment of the Royal Netherlands Army.
Personal equipment
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camouflage | |||||
M19 | Netherlands | Flecktarn | – | [1] | |
M19 | Netherlands | Flecktarn | – | [1] | |
M19 | Netherlands | Flecktarn | – | [1] | |
Interim combat clothing | Netherlands | Clothing | – | [2]
DOKS future combat clothing programme delayed (layered type clothing). | |
Protection | |||||
Batlskin Viper P6N | Canada | Combat helmet | 48,800 | Supplied by Galvion.[3]
The helmet is covered by the appropriate M19 camouflage for the conditions (NFP-Green - Netherlands Fractal Pattern Green on the picture). UN blue variants exist, white camouflage for snow and other Dutch camouflage for other conditions.[4] | |
Protectievest | Netherlands | Bulletproof vest | 7,000 | [4][5][6]
Can be used with Draagvest A, and can be worn concealed under clothing. Soft and hard ballistic plates can be used. The hard plates are torso plates and side plates. Additional protection can be attached to the vest for the neck, shoulders, throat and groin. Part of the VOSS (Enhanced Operational Soldier System) project. NFP-Multitone camouflage.[7] | |
Draagvest B | Netherlands | Bulletproof carrying vest | 7,000 | [4][5][6]
All-in-one system, with a quick release system. It has MOLLE loop system to mount pouches. The vest fits ballistic plates: custom-made soft , uni-size hard torso and side plates. Additional protection can be attached to the vest for neck, shoulders, throat and groin. | |
Soft ballistische platen | Netherlands | Soft ballistic plates | – | – | [4]
Exist for Protectievest and for Draagvest B |
Hard ballistische platen | Netherlands | Hard ballistic plates | – | – | [4]
Exist for Protectievest and for Draagvest B |
FM50 | Germany | CBRN Mask | – | – | [4] |
Carrying | |||||
Draagvest A | Netherlands | Carrying vest | 7,000 | [4][5][6]
MOLLE loop system to mount pouches. Almost always used with the bulletproof vest Protectievest. | |
9-liter backpck | Netherlands | Tactical backpack | 7,000 | Can be zipped onto the protection vest.[5][6]
Part of the VOSS (Enhanced Operational Soldier System) project. Base in NFP-Multitone camouflage, with rain covers in NFP-Tan or NFP-Green available. | |
37-liter backpack | Netherlands | Tactical backpack | 7,000 | [4][5][6]
Part of the VOSS (Enhanced Operational Soldier System) project. Base in NFP-Multitone camouflage, with rain covers in NFP-Tan or NFP-Green available. | |
55-liter backpack | Netherlands | Heavy backpack | – |
Without the side pouch = 55 liters |
[4]
Base in NFP-Multitone camouflage, with rain covers in NFP-Tan or NFP-Green available. |
80-liter backpack | Netherlands | Heavy backpack | – |
With the side pouch = 55 liters |
[4]
Base in NFP-Multitone camouflage, with rain covers in NFP-Tan or NFP-Green available. |
Set of pouches for equipment | Netherlands | Pouches | 7,000 | [5][6]
Part of the VOSS (Enhanced Operational Soldier System) project. NFP-Multitone camouflage. |
Weapons
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Cartridge | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Handguns | |||||
Glock 17 Gen4 | Austria | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | The Glock 17 is the standard service pistol of all army units. The Glock 17 has been in use within the Netherlands Armed Forces since 1994 as the standard issue firearm. The current version in use is the Glock 17 Gen4.[8] | |
Rifles | |||||
Colt Canada C7NLD/C8NLD | Canada | Assault rifle (C7NLD)
Carbine (C8NLD) |
5.56×45mm NATO | Standard service rifle and carbine. Modernized versions of the Diemaco C7 rifle and C8 carbine. Since 2009, both the C7s and C8s were modified to meet the latest requirements. All 25,000 rifles have been equipped with an Aimpoint CompM4 optic, a telescopic stock, a modified fire regulator, a laser-light module and a rail system. A new tan coating has also been applied. The modernized versions are called C7NLD and C8NLD. They also received a Brügger & Thomet grip with extendable bipod for a more stable prone shooting position.[9] | |
HK416A5 | Germany | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | Standard service carbine of the Korps Commandotroepen, the Pathfinder Platoon of 11 Air Assault Brigade and engineer divers.[10] | |
SIG MCX | United States | Carbine (Virtus) | .300 AAC Blackout | In use with the Korps Commandotroepen since 2022, in the Virtus en Rattler variants. Using subsonic .300 BLK munition, the unit regains its subsonic capability which was lost with the retirement of the FN P90 from Dutch service. | |
Personal defense weapon (Rattler) | |||||
Machine guns | |||||
FN Minimi | Belgium | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | Standard light machine gun.[11] | |
FN MAG | Belgium | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | Standard general-purpose machine gun.[12] | |
M2HB-QCB | Belgium | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×99mm NATO | Standard heavy machine gun.[13] | |
Precision rifles | |||||
Heckler & Koch HK417 | Germany | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | Designated marksman rifle in use with the Korps Commandotroepen and infantry sniper groups.[10] | |
Accuracy International AWM | United Kingdom | Bolt action sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | In the process of being replaced by Accuracy AX rifles[14] | |
Accuracy International AX | United Kingdom | Bolt action sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | Gradually replacing the Accuracy AWM rifles. The .308 Winchester caliber is exclusively used by snipers of the Korps Commandotroepen.[14] | |
Barrett M107A1 | United States | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm NATO | Anti-materiel rifle in use with sniper groups throughout the army. Fitted with a Schmidt & Bender 5-25x56 PMII LP scope.[15] | |
Shotguns | |||||
Mossberg M590A1 | United States | Pump action shotgun | 12 gauge | Used for jungle warfare and door breaching.[16] | |
Hand grenades | |||||
RUAG HG85
"Nr. 300/Nr. 330" |
Switzerland | Hand grenade | Fuse | Nr. 300 is the Dutch designation for the HG 85 grenade. | |
Grenade launchers | |||||
Heckler & Koch AGW | Germany | Automatic grenade launcher | 40×53mm HV | Automatic grenade launcher in use throughout the army. Both man-portable and vehicle-fitted versions in use.[17] | |
Heckler & Koch UGL | Germany | Grenade launcher | 40×46mm LV | Mounted under C7 rifles and C8 carbines.[9] | |
M320 Grenade Launcher Module | United States | Grenade launcher | 40×46mm LV | In use with special forces of the Korps Commandotroepen.[18] | |
MANPATS (Man-portable anti-tank systems) | |||||
M72A3 LAW | Norway | Anti-tank rocket launcher | 66 mm | Exclusively used by the Korps Commandotroepen due to its low weight and compact handling of the weapon, used to great effect against improvised armored vehicles and fighting positions during the Dutch presence in Afghanistan.[19] | |
Panzerfaust 3 | Germany | Rocket propelled grenade | 110 mm warhead | Equipped with Dynarange system, allows targets to be engaged during all weather conditions, speed and day/night conditions at a maximum range of 900 meters. Can also be used to target hovering helicopters.[20] New procurement in 2020.[21] | |
Spike MR | Israel | Anti-tank guided missile | 152 mm | Previously known as "GILL" in the Dutch Army.[22]
Selected in June 2001, ordered in August 2001: 297 launchers, 2,400 missiles to Euromissile GmbH and Thales Nederlands for USD $150 million.[23] First delivery in 2004.[24] Range: 200 to 2,000 m (220 to 2,190 yd) | |
Spike LR | Israel | Anti-tank guided missile | 152 mm | Used by reconnaissance forces (transported by the Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig and the Fennek reconnaissance vehicle), using the same CLU launch unit as for the Spike MR.[25]
84 missiles received in 2017[26] and 2018.[27] Range: 200 to 4,000 m (220 to 4,370 yd) | |
Spike LR2 | Israel | Anti-tank guided missile | 152 mm | Approved by the parliament in September 2024, to be ordered in October 2024 and enter service in 2026.[28]
They will replace the Spike MR,[29] and also equip the modernised CV90. A new launch unit iCLU will also be ordered.[30] Range: 200 to 5,500 m (220 to 6,010 yd), and NLOS capabilities. |
Combat vehicles
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | |||||
Leopard 2A6MA2 | Germany | Main battle tank | 18 | The 18 tanks have been modernised and are equipped with Dutch communications and information systems. These modifications enable digital communications with Dutch units. The tanks are part of the 4th company of the German-Dutch 414 Tank Battalion, which is part of the Dutch 43rd Mechanised Brigade and are leased from Germany.[31] | |
Infantry fighting vehicles | |||||
CV9035NL | Sweden | Infantry fighting vehicle | 128[32] | [33][34]
184 CV9035 MkIII IFV ordered in December 2004, and 8 instruction vehicles, entering service from 2008.[35][36] 44 sold to Estonia in 2004.[37] MLU upgrade signed in 2021 for 122 combat vehicles to be brought to the standard CV9035 Mk.IIIC, to be delivered by 2027, and an option for 19 further to be modernised.[38] The main modernisation includes:[39]
Additionally, 6 instruction vehicles to be updated.[40] Among the none-modernised vehicles, 15 chassis are to be used for the Mjölner mortar carrier.[41] | |
Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles | |||||
Boxer | Germany | Multi role armoured vehicle | 200[42] | [43][44]
Produced by ARTEC (JV between Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall Netherlands). Variants:[43]
Future:
| |
TPz Fuchs | Germany | Multi role armoured vehicle | 16 | [33][47]
20 purchased initially, 16 remain in service:
| |
Bushmaster | Australia | Multi role armoured vehicle, MRAP
Mine-resistant ambush protected |
102[32] | [33][48]
Variants initially purchased
Mid-life upgrade, of all 102 vehicles, the modernised ones to enter service in 2024-2027.[50] Additional cariants after modernisation, modified from existing Bushmaster.
| |
Manticore | Italy | Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP
Mine-resistant ambush protected |
200[52]
(delivered as of october 2024, total > 1,300 on order) |
New vehicle designed for the Netherlands Armed Forces, replacement for the MB 290GD Wolf among others.
First order placed in 2019, current order stands at > 1,300 vehicles of which the majority for the Army.[53] The variants selected include:[54]
| |
Fennek | Netherlands | Reconnaissance vehicle | 345[32] | [33]
367 purchased originally.[56] After modernisation, 345 will remain in service:[56]
| |
Multi role armoured vehicle | Vehicles not to be modernised:
|
Artillery
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Calibre | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rocket artillery | ||||||
PULS | Israel
Czech Republic (truck) |
Multiple rocket launcher | 122 mm
160 mm 306 mm 330 mm 370 mm |
2[57]
(delivered as of February 2024, total 20 on order) |
20 ordered in 2023.[58][59] In February 2024 the first PULS multiple rocket launcher arrived in the Netherlands.[60] Serial production is planned for 2025–26 and these systems will be installed on the Scania XT Gryphus 8×8 trucks from the start.[60]
First system mounted on Tatra 815-7 6×6.[57] | |
Howitzers | ||||||
PzH 2000 | Germany | Self-propelled howitzer | 155 mm | 46 | 35 in service, and it will be increased to 46.[61]
57 originally ordered of which 46 will be upgraded in joint project with Germany, 8 were transferred to Ukraine in 2022.[62] Suited to fire the 155mm GPS-guided Excalibur grenade, 3,500 shells ordered initially, + 1999 ordered in 2021[63] | |
Mortar carriers | ||||||
CV90 Mjolner | Sweden | Infantry fighting vehicle | 120 mm | 0
15 on order |
Swedish Army Mjölner |
[64]
15 on order with dual-barrel 120mm mortar turret, delivery planned for 2028 based on Swedish Mjölner.[65][66] The Dutch version will incorporate minor adjustments, such as C2 equipments, adding a machine gun to the turret and a heightened rear compartment to account for the height of the Dutch troops.[67] |
Mortars | ||||||
Hirtenberger M6 C-640 Mk.1 | Austria | Infantry mortar | 60 mm | 155 | New 60 mm mortars in service with infantry battalions since 2019.[68][69] | |
Hirtenberger M8 R-1365 | Austria | Mortar | 81mm | 122 | 122 new Hirtenberger M8 mortars entering service from 2023 onwards, replacing the L16A2 mortars.[70] | |
L16A2 | United Kingdom | Mortar | 81mm | 63 | Being replaced by 122 new 81 mm mortars.[69] | |
MO-120-HB | France | Heavy towed mortar | 120mm | 22 | 120 mm mortar produced by Hotchkiss-Brandt (HB) to be replaced by new 120 mm mortars with loitering munitions from 2026 onwards for Air Mobile Division & Royal Dutch Marines.[69] | |
Ceremonial canon | ||||||
25-pounder | United Kingdom | Gun-howitzer | 87.6 mm | 8 | Only used for ceremonial gun salutes.[71] |
Air defence
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air Defence Systems | |||||
FIM-92 Stinger | United States | Man-portable surface-to-air missile | — | Operated across various army units,[72] 200 donated to Ukraine in February 2022 amid the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[73] | |
FIM-92K Stinger Block I | United States | MANPADS | — | 940 to be ordered with Germany and Italy in 2024 through NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA), export approved by DSCA [74] | |
Fennek SWP
Stinger Weapon Platform |
Germany | VSHORAD | 18 | Operated by 13th Air Defence Battery[72] | |
NASAMS II | Norway | Surface-to-air missile system | 2 batteries (2x3 launchers) | Operated by 13th Air Defence Battery[75] With AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel radars and 100 AIM-120B ordered in 2006 for the NASAMS system. | |
MIM-104 Patriot | United States | Long range surface-to-air missile | 4 batteries (4×6 launchers) | Operated by 802 Squadron, will be upgraded to latest version (based on US Army) with Patriot PAC-2 and PAC-3 MSE missiles.[76] | |
Surveillance radars | |||||
Thales SQUIRE | Netherlands | Battlefield radar | 60 | Some of the 60 are in the Marine Corps, and some were supplied to Ukraine.[77] | |
TRML-3D | Germany | Early warning radar | 5 | Part of GBADS Phases 1 and 2 [78] | |
Thales GM 200 MM/C | Netherlands | Multi-mission 4D AESA radar (air defence and artillery) | 1 / 16 | 9 radars ordered in 2021, 6 for the Fire Support Command and 3 for the Ground Air Defence Command.[79][80]
First delivered in February 2024.[81][82] 7 additional ordered in April 2024.[83] |
Engineering vehicles
[edit]Logistics vehicles
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trucks | |||||
DAF XF semi-trailer truck | Netherlands | Truck | 104 | 112 semi-trailer trucks (165 kN DAF XF-trucks and 450 kN/600 kN Broshuis-trailers) operational since 2005.[113] | |
DAF YA 4440/4442 | Netherlands | Truck | 1,200 | Various versions, to be partially replaced by additional Scania XT "Gryphus" from 2019 onwards.[114] Over 1000 vehicles transferred to Ukraine. | |
Iveco Stralis | Italy | Truck | — | Used in several variants,
| |
Scania PLS trucks | Sweden | Truck | 555 | Various versions in service since 2005.[116] | |
Scania XT "Gryphus"
4×4 Low Operational 50 kN (5 tons)[117] |
Sweden | Truck | 3,065 | Replacing the majority of the DAF YA-4400/4442, YA-2300 and YT-2300 trucks, gradually entering service since 2019. Various versions.[118][119] | |
Scania XT "Gryphus"
6×6 Low Operational 100 kN (10 tons)[117] |
Sweden | Truck | |||
Scania XT "Gryphus"
8×8 High Operational 100 kN (10 tons)[117] |
Sweden | Truck | |||
Scania XT "Gryphus"
6×6 Low Operational 150 kN (15 tons) [117] |
Sweden | Semi truck | |||
Tatra Phoenix PR3333 6×6 | Czech Republic | Hooklift truck with trailer | 4 |
Illustration |
[120][121]
Also additional purchased for the Royal Marechaussee. |
Trailers | |||||
Broshuis 7-axle 650kN trailer
(Tropco) |
Netherlands | Low loader trailer | 39 | [122][123] | |
Broshuis 4-axle 400kN trailer
(Tropco) |
Netherlands | Low loader trailer | 63 | [122][123] | |
Logistics manipulation | |||||
Liftking LK30P-NL | Canada | Heavy rough-terrain forklift | 68 | [124] | |
Bobcat TL25.60 | United States | Telehandler | 71 | [125] | |
Bobcat TL35.105L |
Miscellaneous Vehicles
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multipurpose wheeled vehicles | |||||
Defenture VECTOR | Netherlands | Special operations vehicle | 165 | Developed for and in cooperation with the special operations forces of the Korps Commandotroepen, currently part of a joint NLD SOCOM pool.[126]
Additional 41 vehicles ordered on 19 December 2022, for use by the Rangers of 11 Air Assault Brigade for SOF support purposes.[127] | |
Rheinmetall Caracal | Germany | Utility vehicle | 504[128] | 504 ordered in 2023 for 11 Air Assault Brigade, with an option for a total of 1,004 vehicles.
Delivery planned from 2025, Dutch variant assembled by VDL Special Vehicles BV - Eindhoven. First joined order with the German Army, total 1508 vehicles for €870 million.[128] | |
Mercedes-Benz G280 CDI | Germany | Multipurpose wheeled vehicle | 128 | 88 vehicles were in use with the Korps Commandotroepen (KCT), 44 additional vehicles formerly in use with the Netherlands Marine Corps were added to the Army fleet in 2019. KCT have moved to the VECTOR vehicle, all 128 G280 CDIs have been transferred to conventional infantry battalions.[129] | |
MB 290GD Wolf | Germany | Utility vehicle | 1,700 | Various versions in service. Partially replaced by 1527 Volkswagen Amarok, remaining vehicles to be replaced by 1175 Iveco MTVs from 2022 onwards.[130] | |
Volkswagen Amarok | Germany | Pick-up | 1,527 | All ordered vehicles in service since 2018.[131] | |
All-terrain vehicles | |||||
Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig | Netherlands | All-terrain vehicle | 135 | Used by Air Mobile brigade, will be replaced by 515 Mercedes-Benz G300 CDI Air Assault (AASLT) vehicles.[132] | |
Polaris MRZR D4 | United States | Side-by-side | – | [133] | |
Defenture MDQ | Netherlands | All-terrain vehicle | 274 on order | Diesel ATV produced for the armed forces by Dutch manufacterer Defenture.[134] Users will be Korps Commandotroepen, Netherlands Marine Corps and 11 Air Assault Brigade. The contract includes an option for an additional 120 vehicles. Deliveries are planned for 2023 and 2024. | |
Suzuki King Quad 750 AXI 4×4 | Japan | All-terrain vehicle | 48 | Quad for Korps Commandotroepen and deployed conventional infantry.[135] | |
Motorcycles | |||||
KTM LC4 | Austria | Motorcycle | 104 | Used by 11 Air Assault Brigade.[136] | |
KTM 350 EXC-F | Austria | Motorcycle | 89 | 89 new motorcycles entering service since 2020 with 11 Air Assault Brigade, will replace some of the KTM LC-4s.[137] | |
Unmanned ground vehicles | |||||
Milrem THeMIS | Estonia | Unmanned ground vehicle | 6 | Two vehicles of the Cargo variant, which can be optionally equipped with an FN deFNder remote weapon station, and four Combat variants which are equipped with an EOS R400 remote weapon station.[138] |
Unmanned aerial vehicles
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Role | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unmanned aerial vehicles | ||||||
Black Hornet Nano | Norway | Micro-multicopter UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
48 | In use with Brigade Reconnaissance Squadrons and Korps Commandotroepen.[139] | |
AeroVironment RQ-11B DDL Raven | United States | Fixed-wing mini-UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
48 | Replaced the Raven B NLD, acquired combinedly with the RQ-21, Wasp III and RQ-20.[140] | |
AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma | United States | Fixed-wing low altitude UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
12 | Acquired combinedly with the RQ-21, RQ-11B DDL and Wasp III.[141] | |
AeroVironment Wasp III | United States | Fixed-wing low altitude UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
18 | Acquired combinedly with the RQ-21, RQ-11B DDL and RQ-20.[141] | |
Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack | United States | Fixed-wing low altitude UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
15 | 5 systems in use, with 3 UAVs eachs.[141] Operated by the Joint ISTAR Command. | |
Boeing Insitu ScanEagle | United States | Fixed-wing low altitude UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle |
ISR
Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
12 | Gradually replaced by the RQ-21.[142] |
Planned orders
[edit]Armoured vehicles
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Number | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | |||||
Leopard 2A8 | Germany | Main battle tank | 46[143]
(6 in option) |
In the 2024 Defence Paper, presented in September 2024, the Netherlands Ministry of Defence announced plans to regain a fully Dutch tank battalion. The order will consist of 46 Leopard 2A8 tanks, with an option for an additional 6 tanks.[144]
In October 2024, the government confirmed the plan, with the intention to be delivered from 2027 to 2030, and a budget ranging from €1 to 2.5 billion).[145] | |
Infantry fighting vehicles | |||||
Boxer RCT30 | Germany | Mission module | 72 | In the 2024 Defence Paper, plans were announced to bolster the firepower of 13th Light Brigade with Boxers with a rapid-fire cannon and anti-tank guided missiles. On 24 September 2024, State Secretary of Defence Gijs Tuinman announced the conversion of 72 existing Boxers, with the RCT30 mission module. Procurement will take place in close coordination with the Bundeswehr.[45] | |
Electronic warfare | |||||
Boxer Knifefish | Germany | Reconnaissance vehicle | 10 | 10 Electronic Warfare (EW) vehicles to be ordered based on Boxer chassis in cooperation with Germany, as part of the joint Knifefish project.[45] |
Air defence
[edit]Name | Origin | Type | Planned order | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Air Defence Systems | ||||
NASAMS | Norway | MRAD SAM
Medium range air-defence, surface-to-air missile |
21 | [146]
To be equipped with the AIM-120 AMRAAM-ER missiles.[147][148] |
NOMADS | Norway | SHORAD
Short range air-defence |
18[149] | [146]
Successor of the Fennek, based on the ACSV G5 vehicle, the NASAMS command system, to be equipped with AIM-9X II Sidewinder missiles (15 km range).[147][150] To enter service by 2028.[151] |
NOMADS command | Norway | SHORAD command vehicles
Short range air-defence |
5[152] | [153]
As part of the NOMADS air defence system, the Netherlands will purchase 5 command vehicles based on the ACSV G5. |
See also
[edit]- List of equipment of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps
- List of active Royal Netherlands Navy ships
- List of active aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
References
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- ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (2 September 2024). "Krijgsmacht krijgt moderne antitankwapens met lange schootsafstand - Nieuwsbericht - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
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