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List of high-speed railway lines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article provides a list of operational and under construction (or approved) high-speed rail networks, listed by country or region. While the International Union of Railways defines high-speed rail as public transport by rail at speeds of at least 200 km/h (124 mph) for upgraded tracks and 250 km/h (155 mph) or faster for new tracks, this article lists all the systems and lines that support speeds over 200 km/h (120 mph) regardless of their statuses of upgraded or newly built.[1][2]

Overview

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Operational networks

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The following table is an overview of high-speed rail in service and under construction by country, ranked by the amount in service. It shows all the high speed lines (speed of 200 km/h (125 mph) or over) in service. The list is based on UIC figures (International Union of Railways),[3][4] updated with other sources.[5]

Country Continent Operational length (km) Under construction (km) Total length (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Opened
China China Asia 45,000[6] 25,000 70,000[7] 4.7 3.16 350[8][b] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2008
Spain Spain Europe 3,966[11] 1,000 5,000 7.84 8.42 310 3 kV DC; 25 kV 50 Hz 1435; 1668 1992
Japan Japan Asia 3,067[12] 211 3,278 9.07 2.5 320[c] 25 kV 50/60 Hz 1435; [d] 1964
France France Europe 2,800[13] 200[14] 3,000 4.35 4.32 320[15] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 1981
United Kingdom United Kingdom Europe 2,214[16] 230 2,444[17] 9.11 3.27 300[e] 25 kV 50 Hz AC[f] 1435 1976
Germany Germany Europe 1,658[18] 350 2,008 4.64 1.99 300 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1991
Finland Finland Europe 1,120[19] 200 1,320 3.31 20.2 220 25 kV 50 Hz 1524[g] 2006
Italy Italy Europe 1,117[20] 900 2,000 3.71 1.9 300 25 kV 50 Hz; 3 kV DC 1435 1977
South Korea South Korea Asia 887[21] 500 1,400 8.84 1.71 320 25 kV 60 Hz 1435 2004
Sweden Sweden Europe 860[19] 276[h] 1,136 1.91 8.1 205[i] 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1993
Greece Greece Europe 672[j] 30 702 5.09 6.5 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2022
Russia Russia Europe 650[22] 680[23] 1,330 0.04 0.42 250 3 kV DC; 25 kV 50 Hz 1520 1984
Turkey Turkey Asia 627[k] 1,578[l] 2,205 0.8 0.07 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2009
Portugal Portugal Europe 610[m] 90[24][n] 700 7.27 5.95 220 25 kV 50 Hz 1668 1999
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Asia 600[o] 465[26] 1,065 1.34 1.71 250 20 kV 50 Hz 1520 2011
Poland Poland Europe 547.3[p] 0 547.3 1.13 3.16 200 3 kV DC 1435 2014
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Asia 450[27] 0 450 0.21 1.22 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
Taiwan Taiwan Asia 350[28] 0 350 9.67 1.46 300 25 kV 60 Hz 1435 2007
Belgium Belgium Europe 326[q] 3[r] 329 8.25 2.79 300 3 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz
1435 1997
Austria Austria Europe 283[s] 280 563 3.37 3.16 230 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1990
Norway Norway Europe 224[t] 0 224 0.69 4.09 210 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1998
Morocco Morocco Africa 186[29] 0 186 0.26 0.49 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
Netherlands Netherlands Europe 175[u] 0 175 4.18 1.95 300[v] 1.5 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz
1435 2009
Switzerland Switzerland Europe 164[w] 0 164 3.97 1.86 230 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 2005
Indonesia Indonesia Asia 143[30] 0 143 0.08 0.05 350 27.5 kV 50 Hz 1435 2023
United States United States North America 136.6[31] 1,600[32] 1,736.6 0.01 0.04 240 Multiple[x] 1435 2000
Serbia Serbia Europe 70[33] 338[34][35] 408 0.79 0.98 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2022
Denmark Denmark Europe 60[36] 100[37] 160 0.68 0.98 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2019
Hong Kong Hong Kong Asia 26[38] 0 26 23.51 0.35 200 1.5 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz
1435 2018

By region

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Region Continent Operational length (km) Under construction (km) Total length (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Opened
Asia 51,702 27,754 79,456 1.16 1.1 350 25 kV 50 or 60 Hz 1435[y] 1964
Europe[z] 17,115 4,677 21,792 1.68 2.3 320 Various[aa] 1435[ab] 1976
European Union European Union Europe 13,793 3,429 17,222 1.35 325.82 320 Various[aa] 1435[ac] 1977
Africa 186 0 186 0.01 0.01 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
North America 136.6 1,249 1,329 0.006 0.02 240 Multiple[ad] 1435 2000

Freight services

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Country Continent Service Type Top speed (km/h) Introduced Status
 Japan Asia JR freight service Light freight 320 2019[39] Operational
 Germany Europe IC:Kurier Courrier 300 2020[40] Operational
 China Asia Freight Express Dedicated freight train 350 2020[41] Operational on busy routes
 France Europe SNCF TGV La Poste Dedicated freight train 270 1984 Defunct in 2015[42]
 Italy Europe Mercitalia Fast Dedicated freight train 300 2018 Defunct in 2022

Networks under construction

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Country/Region Continent Length (km) Length Approved (km) Total (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Work began Opening
 Estonia
 Latvia
 Lithuania (Rail Baltica)
Europe 870[43] 0 870 4.97 14.82 234[44] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2017 2028
India India Asia 508.18[45] 0 508.18 0.15 0.04 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2021 2028
Thailand Thailand Asia 250.8[46] 220[47] 470.8 0.49 0.35 250 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2017 2027
Iran Iran Asia 410[48] 117[49] 527 0.25 0.46 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2015 2025
Egypt Egypt Africa 230[50] 1,770 2,000 0.23 0.2 250 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2021 2027
 Algeria Africa 132[51] 0 132 0.06 0.29 220 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2012 TBD

Asia

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China

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High-speed rail lines of China
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Shanghai maglev train Longyang RoadPudong International 30.5 km (19.0 mi) New 431 km/h (268 mph) 2004 Operational
Beijing–Shanghai Beijing southTianjin West / Shanghai Hongqiao 1,318 km (819 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2011 Operational
Beijing–Guangzhou[ae] Beijing westGuangzhou 2,230 km (1,390 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2012 Operational
Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen Hangzhou eastShenzhen north 1,495 km (929 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2013 Operational
Huhanrong PDL Shanghai HongqiaoChengdu 2,078 km (1,291 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2014 Operational
Shanghai–Kunming Shanghai Hongqiao–Kunming south 2,066 km (1,284 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2016 Operational
Guangzhou–Kunming Guangzhou southKunming south 1,285 km (798 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2016 Operational
Suifenhe–Manzhouli SuifenheManzhouli 714 km (444 mi) Upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph) 2018 Operational
Qingdao–Yinchuan Qingdao northYinchuan 1,762 km (1,095 mi) Upgraded 350 km/h (220 mph) 2018 Operational
Beijing–Lanzhou BeijingLanzhou 1,526 km (948 mi) Upgraded 350 km/h (220 mph) 2019 Operational
Beijing–Harbin[ae] Beijing ChaoyangHarbin / Dalian 1,700 km (1,100 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2021 Operational
Eurasia Continental Bridge LianyungangÜrümqi 3,422 km (2,126 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2021 Operational
Coastal corridor (north extension)[af] DandongNingbo 2,659 km (1,652 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2027 Mostly operational[ag]
Coastal corridor (south extension)[af] Huizhou southDongxing 954 km (593 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ah]
Hohhot–Nanning HohhotNanning 2,779.7 km (1,727.2 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ai]
Baotou (Yinchuan)–Hainan[aj] BaotouSanya / Xi'an north 4,664 km (2,898 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ak]
Lanzhou (Xining)–Guangzhou Lanzhou westGuangzhou 2,282 km (1,418 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[al]
Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) Beijing FengtaiHong Kong West Kawloon / Taipei[am] 4,392 km (2,729 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2029 Mostly operational[an]
Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu Shanghai Baoshan–Chengdu 5,130 km (3,190 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2029 Partly operational[ao]
Beijing–Kunming[ap] BeijingKunming / Chongqing 3,795.7 km (2,358.5 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2030 Mostly operational[aq]
Xiamen–Chongqing XiamenChongqing 937 km (582 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) TBD Partly operational[ar]
Regional railways Multiple lines 1,611 km (1,001 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2008–2020 Operational
Intercity railways Multiple lines 7,210 km (4,480 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2008–2020 Operational
Class I railways Multiple lines 5,056.9 km (3,142.2 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2012–2019 Operational

India

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Mumbai–Ahmedabad Mumbai BKCSabarmati 508.18 km (315.77 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2028 Under construction

Indonesia

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Whoosh high-speed railway Halim (Jakarta)Tegalluar (Bandung) 142.8 km (88.7 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2023 Operational

Japan

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Map of Shinkansen lines (excluding the Hakata-Minami Line and Gala-Yuzawa Line extension)
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Tokaido Shinkansen TokyoShin-Osaka 515.4 km (320.3 mi) New 285 km/h (177 mph) 1964 Operational
San'yō Shinkansen Shin-OsakaHakata 553.7 km (344.1 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1972–1975 Operational
Tōhoku Shinkansen TokyoShin-Aomori 674.9 km (419.4 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 1982–2010 Operational
Jōetsu Shinkansen TokyoNiigata 269.5 km (167.5 mi) New 275 km/h (171 mph) 1982 Operational
Hokuriku Shinkansen TakasakiTsuruga 470.6 km (292.4 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 1997–2024 Operational
Kyushu Shinkansen HakataKagoshima-Chūō 256.8 km (159.6 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2004–2011 Operational
Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen Takeo-OnsenNagasaki 66 km (41 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2022 Operational
Hokkaido Shinkansen Shin-AomoriShin-Hakodate-Hokuto 148.8 km (92.5 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2016 Operational
Chuo Shinkansen Shinagawa (Tokyo)Nagoya 285.6 km (177.5 mi) New 505 km/h (314 mph)[as] 2027[at] Under construction

South Korea

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Map of Korean high-speed lines
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Gyeongbu HSR SeoulBusan 417.5 km (259.4 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2004–2015 Operational
Honam HSR OsongMokpo 249.2 km (154.8 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2015 Operational
Suseo–Pyeongtaek HSR SuseoPyeongtaekJije 61.1 km (38.0 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2016 Operational
Jeolla Line IksanYeosu Expo 180.4 km (112.1 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 2011 Operational
Gyeonggang Line SeowonjuGangneung 120.2 km (74.7 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2017 Operational
YeojuSeowonju 22.1 km (13.7 mi) 2027 Under construction
Jungbunaeryuk Line BubalChungju 56.9 km (35.4 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2021 Operational
Jungang Line CheongnyangniMoryang 331.3 km (205.9 mi) Upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph) 2024 Under upgradation
Seohae Line SongsanHongseong 90 km (56 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2024 Under construction
Gyeongjeon Line BujeonSuncheon 165.8 km (103.0 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 2025 Under upgradation
Donghae Line PohangSamcheok 166.3 km (103.3 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2024 Under upgradation
Gangneung–Jejin 111.7 km (69.4 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2027 Under construction

Taiwan

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Taiwan HSR NangangZuoying 350 km (220 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2007 Operational

Thailand

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Bangkok–Nong Khai (Phase 1) Krung Thep Aphiwat CentralNakhon Ratchasima 250.8 km (155.8 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2028 Under construction
Don Mueang–Suvarnabhumi–U-Tapao Don Mueang–U Tapao 220 km (140 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2029 Approved

Uzbekistan

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Tashkent–Bukhara TashkentBukhara 600 km (370 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2011 Operational

Middle East and North Africa

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Algeria

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Oued TlélatTlemcen 132 km (82 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) TBD Under construction

Egypt

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Red line Mersa MatruhAin Sokhna 660 km (410 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Under construction
Yellow line 6th Of October CityAbu Simbel 1,100 km (680 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Approved
Purple line SafagaLuxor 240 km (150 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Approved

Morocco

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Al Boraq Tanger-VilleKenitra 186 km (116 mi)[52] New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2018 Operational

Saudi Arabia

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Haramain HSR MeccaMedina 453 km (281 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2018 Operational

Turkey

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Polatlı–Konya PolatlıKonya 212 km (132 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2011 Operational
Ankara–Istanbul SincanKöseköy 313 km (194 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2014 Operational
Ankara–Sivas KayaşSivas 394 km (245 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2023 Operational
Istanbul–Kapıkule railway HalkalıKapıkule 229 km (142 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2025 Under upgradation
Mersin–Adana–Gaziantep railway MersinGaziantep 303 km (188 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2025 Under upgradation
Polatlı–İzmir PolatlıAlsancak 588 km (365 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2026 Under construction
Konya–Yenice railway KonyaYenice 344.7 km (214.2 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2027 Under upgradation

Northern Europe

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Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Rail Baltica TallinnVilnius 870 km (540 mi) New 234 km/h (145 mph) 2027 Under construction

Denmark

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Øresund Line Copenhagen CentralSwedish border 10 km (6.2 mi)[au] New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2000 Operational
Copenhagen–Ringsted Line Copenhagen central–Ringsted 60 km (37 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2019 Operational
Fehmarn Belt fixed link Ringsted–Rødby 8.3 km (5.2 mi)[au] New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2028 Under construction
Vestfyn Line OdenseMiddelfart 35 km (22 mi)[au] New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2028 Under construction

Finland

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Kerava–Lahti railway KeravaLahti 75.7 km (47.0 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2006 Operational
Rantarata Helsinki centralTurku Harbour 195.8 km (121.7 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 Operational
Helsinki–Riihimäki Railway Helsinki centralRiihimäki 71.4 km (44.4 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 Operational
Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg railway RiihimäkiRussian border 188 km (117 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2013 Operational

Norway

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Gardermoen Line OsloEidsvoll 64 km (40 mi) New 210 km/h (130 mph) 1998 Operational
Dovre Line Eidsvoll-Hamar(-Trondheim) 58 km (36 mi) (of 484 km (301 mi)) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2015 Operational
Vestfold Line DrammenSkien 138 km (86 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2018 Operational
Follo Line OsloSki 22 km (14 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2022 Operational

Sweden

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Southern Main Line MalmöKatrineholm 483 km (300 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1990 Operational
Western Main Line Stockholm centralGothenburg central 455 km (283 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 Operational
West Coast Line Lund centralGothenburg central 283 km (176 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 1985–2023 Operational
East Coast Line Stockholm centralSundsvall central 402 km (250 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1996 Operational
Mälaren Line Stockholm centralVästeråsÖrebro 187 km (116 mi) Upgraded, partly new 200 km/h (120 mph) 2005 Operational
Svealand Line Södertälje SouthArboga 187 km (116 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 1997 Operational
Bothnia Line Höga Kusten AirportUmeå 190 km (120 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph)[av] 2010 Operational
Norway/Vänern Line Gothenburg centralÖxnered 300 km (190 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2012 Operational
North Bothnia Line UmeåLuleå 270 km (170 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2030 Under construction

Western Europe

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Austria

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Western Railway ViennaSalzburg 312.2 km (194.0 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 1990–2018 Operational
New Lower Inn Valley Railway KundlBaumkirchen 40.2 km (25.0 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2012 Operational
Koralm Railway GrazKlagenfurt 127 km (79 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2025 Under construction
Semmering Base Tunnel GloggnitzMürzzuschlag 27.3 km (17.0 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2030 Under construction
Brenner Base Tunnel InnsbruckItalian border 46 km (29 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2032 Under construction

Belgium

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
HSL 1 LGV NordBruxelles-Sud 88 km (55 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1997 Operational
HSL 2 Bruxelles-NordLiège-Guillemins 66 km (41 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2002 Operational
HSL 3 Liège-GuilleminsCologne-Aachen 42 km (26 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2009 Operational
HSL 4 Antwerpen-CentraalHSL Zuid 36 km (22 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2009 Operational

France

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Overview of French TGV lines
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
LGV Sud-Est Paris Gare de Lyon, ParisGare de la Part-Dieu, Lyon 409 km (254 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1981 Operational
LGV Atlantique Gare Montparnasse, ParisLe Mans/Tours 284 km (176 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1989 Operational
LGV Rhône-Alpes Lyon-Saint-ExupéryValence 115 km (71 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1992 Operational
LGV Nord Channel TunnelGare du Nord, Paris 333 km (207 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1993 Operational
LGV Interconnexion Est Aéroport Charles de Gaulle, ParisMarne-la-Vallée–Chessy, Paris 90 km (56 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1994 Operational
LGV Méditerranée AvingnonMarseille-Saint-Charles 216 km (134 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2001 Operational
LGV Est Gare de l'Est, ParisLorraine, Louvigny 406 km (252 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2007 Operational
LGV Rhin-Rhône Besançon Franche-Comté, Les AuxonsBelfort – Montbéliard, Paris 140 km (87 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2011 Operational
Perpignan–Barcelona HSR Montpellier SudPerthus Tunnel 17.1 km (10.6 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2013 Operational
LGV Sud Europe Atlantique PoitiersBordeaux-Saint-Jean 340 km (210 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2017 Operational
LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire Sablé-sur-SartheRennes 214 km (133 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2017 Operational
Contournement Nîmes – Montpellier Nîmes-Pont-du-Gard–Montpellier Sud 80 km (50 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2018 Operational
Lyon–Turin HSR Lyon-Saint-ExupéryMont d'Ambin Base Tunnel 150 km (93 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2032 Under construction

Germany

[edit]
The InterCityExpress (ICE) network map in Germany (maximum speed limit):
  New lines, 300 km/h (186 mph)
  New and upgraded lines, 250–280 km/h (155–174 mph)
  Upgraded lines, 200–230 km/h (124–143 mph)
  Conventional lines (selected), 160 km/h (100 mph)
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Berlin–Hamburg Railway BerlinHamburg 284.1 km (176.5 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 1931 Operational
Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway Hamburg–Wanne-Eickel 355 km (221 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1978 Operational
Cologne–Duisburg railway CologneDuisburg 64 km (40 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1980s Operational
Hamm–Minden railway HammMinden 112 km (70 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1980 Operational
Würzburg–Aschaffenburg railway WürzburgAschaffenburg 89.3 km (55.5 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1982 Operational
Hanover–Minden railway Hannover–Minden 64.4 km (40.0 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1984 Operational
Dortmund–Hamm railway Dortmund–Hamm 31 km (19 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1986 Operational
Hanover–Hamburg railway Hannover–Hamburg 355.3 km (220.8 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1987 Operational
Waghäusel Saalbach–Graben-Neudorf railway NA (Connecting link) 7.94 km (4.93 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1988 Operational
Hanover–Würzburg Hanover–Würzburg 327 km (203 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph)[aw] 1991 Operational
Mannheim–Stuttgart MannheimStuttgart 99 km (62 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph)[ax] 1991 Operational
Rhine Railway Mannheim–Rastatt 99 km (62 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1991 Operational
Frankfurt–Göttingen railway FrankfurtGöttingen 240 km (150 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1993 Operational
Hanover–Berlin Hannover–Berlin 258 km (160 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1998 Operational
Nuremberg–Würzburg railway Nuremberg–Würzburg 102.2 km (63.5 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1999 Operational
Mannheim–Frankfurt railway Mannheim–Frankfurt 74.8 km (46.5 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1999 Operational
Cologne–Frankfurt Cologne–Frankfurt 180 km (110 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2002 Operational
Cologne–Aachen Cologne–Aachen 70 km (43 mi) Upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph) 2002 Operational
Berlin–Halle railway Berlin–Halle 161.6 km (100.4 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2006 Operational
Trebnitz–Leipzig railway BkLeipzig 81.2 km (50.5 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2006 Operational
Nuremberg–Ingolstadt Nuremberg–Ingolstadt 77.5 km (48.2 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2006–2013 Operational
Hamm–Warburg railway Hamm–Warburg 131 km (81 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2007 Operational
Munich–Augsburg railway MunichAugsburg 61.9 km (38.5 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 2011 Operational
Leipzig–Dresden railway Leipzig–Dresden 116 km (72 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2014 Operational
Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle 123 km (76 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2015 Operational
Nuremberg–Erfurt Nuremberg–Erfurt 107 km (66 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2017 Operational
Wendlingen–Ulm WendlingenUlm 59.5 km (37.0 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2022 Operational
Stuttgart–Wendlingen Stuttgart–Wendlingen 25 km (16 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2025 Under construction
Karlsruhe–Basel KarlsruheBasel 182 km (113 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2031 Under construction

Netherlands

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
HSL-Zuid Amsterdam centralBelgian border 125 km (78 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2009 Operational
Lelystad–Zwolle railway Lelystad CentrumZwolle 50 km (31 mi) Upgraded 160 km/h (99 mph)[ay] 1988 Operational

Switzerland

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Solothurn–Wanzwil railway NA (Connecting line) 12 km (7.5 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2004 Operational
Mattstetten–Rothrist new line OltenBern 45 km (28 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2007 Operational
Lötschberg Base Tunnel NA (Connecting line) 34 km (21 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph)[az] 2007 Operational
Gotthard Base Tunnel NA (Connecting line) 57 km (35 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph)[ba] 2016 Operational
Ceneri Base Tunnel NA (Connecting line) 15.4 km (9.6 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph)[bb] 2020 Operational

United Kingdom

[edit]
Operational high-speed lines in the UK:
  140–186 mph (225–300 km/h)
  125 mph (200 km/h)
  <110 mph (180 km/h)
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Great Western Main Line London PaddingtonBristol Temple Meads 190.2 km (118.2 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1970s Operational
South Wales Main Line London Paddington–Pilning 116.5 km (72.4 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1976 Operational
East Coast Main Line London King's CrossEdinburgh 632.7 km (393.1 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1978 Operational
Cross Country Route York–Bristol Temple Meads 56 km (35 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2000s Operational
West Coast Main Line Glasgow centralEuston, London 642 km (399 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2005 Operational
High Speed 1 St Pancras, LondonChannel Tunnel 109.9 km (68.3 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2007 Operational
Midland Main Line London King's Cross–Leicester / Derby / Nottingham / Chesterfield 500 km (310 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2009 Operational
High Speed 2 Euston, London–Birmingham Curzon Street 230 km (140 mi) New 360 km/h (220 mph) 2033 Under construction

Eastern Europe

[edit]

Poland

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Warsaw–Gdańsk railway Warszawa WschodniaGdańsk Główny 323.3 km (200.9 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2014 Operational
Grodzisk Mazowiecki–Zawiercie railway Grodzisk MazowieckiZawiercie 224 km (139 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 1994 Operational

Russia

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway Moscow LeningradskyMoskovsky (Saint Petersburg) 650 km (400 mi) Upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph) 2009 Operational
Moscow–Saint Petersburg HSR Moscow–Saint Petersburg 679 km (422 mi) New 360 km/h (220 mph) 2029 Under construction
Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg railway Finnish borderSt. Petersburg 197 km (122 mi) Upgraded 360 km/h (220 mph) 2013 Service discontinued

Serbia

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Budapest–Belgrade railway Hungarian borderBelgrade 150 km (93 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2022 Partly operational[bc]

Southern Europe

[edit]

Italy

[edit]
Map of Italian high-speed and higher speed rail network
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Florence–Rome Firenze Santa Maria Novella, FlorenceRoma Termini 254 km (158 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 1992 Operational
Turin–Milan Torino Porta Susa, TurinMilano Centrale 148.3 km (92.1 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2006 Operational
Milan–Bologna Milano Centrale–Bologna Centrale 214.6 km (133.3 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2008 Operational
Naples–Salerno Napoli AfragolaSalerno 29 km (18 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2008 Operational
Bologna–Florence NA (Connecting line) 79 km (49 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2009 Operational
Rome–Naples Roma Termini–Napoli Centrale 204.6 km (127.1 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2009 Operational
Milan–Bologna Milano Centrale–Bologna Centrale 219 km (136 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2018 Operational
Milan–Verona Milano LambrateVerona Porta Nuova 165 km (103 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2023 Partly operational[bd]
Tortona–Genoa GenoaTortona 53 km (33 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2026 Under construction
Naples–Bari[53] NaplesBari 145 km (90 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2027 Under construction
Brenner Base Tunnel Austrian borderTunnel's south portal 18 km (11 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2032 Under construction
Turin–Lyon high-speed railway TurinFrench border 121 km (75 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2032 Under construction

Portugal

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Linha do Norte Santa Apolónia, LisbonCampanhã, Porto 336 km (209 mi) Upgraded 220 km/h (140 mph) 1999 Operational
Linha do Sul Campolide, LisbonTunes, Silves 273.6 km (170.0 mi) Upgraded 220 km/h (140 mph) 2004 Operational

Spain

[edit]
Spanish HSR Network (November 2023)
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Madrid–Seville Madrid AtochaSeville–Santa Justa 471.8 km/h (293.2 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1992 Operational
Madrid–Barcelona Madrid Atocha–Barcelona Sants/Figueres Vilafant 748.9 km/h (465.3 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2003–2008 Operational
Madrid–Toledo Madrid Atocha–Toledo 74 km/h (46 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2005 Operational
Madrid–Málaga Madrid Atocha–Málaga María Zambrano 512.5 km/h (318.5 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2007 Operational
Madrid–Levante Madrid Atocha–Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla/Alicante 603 km/h (375 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2010–2022 Operational
Madrid–Galicia Madrid ChamartínSantiago de Compostela 415.7 km/h (258.3 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2011–2021 Operational
Perpignan–Barcelona Perpignan–Barcelona Sants 175.5 km/h (109.1 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2013 Operational
Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway Alcázar de San JuanCádiz 576.9 km/h (358.5 mph) Upgraded 220 km/h (140 mph) 2015 Operational
Atlantic Axis A CoruñaVigo-Urzáiz 155.6 km/h (96.7 mph) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2015 Operational
Madrid–Asturias Madrid Chamartín–Lena, Asturias 342.3 km/h (212.7 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2015–2023 Operational
Valencia−Sant Vicenç de Calders railway Estació del Nord, ValenciaSant Vicenç de Calders, El Vendrell 299.7 km/h (186.2 mph) Upgraded 220 km/h (140 mph) 2018 Operational
Antequera–Granada Antequera-Santa AnaGranada 125.7 km/h (78.1 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2019 Operational
Murcia–Almería Murcia del CarmenAlmería 184 km/h (114 mph) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2026 Under construction
Basque Y BilbaoVitoria-Gasteiz/San Sebastián 172 km/h (107 mph) New 220 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Under construction

North America

[edit]

United States

[edit]
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Northeast Corridor Boston South StationWashington Union Station 80.3 km (49.9 mi)[be] Upgraded 240 km/h (150 mph) 2000 Operational
Brightline Orlando IAIT-Cocoa 56.3 km (35.0 mi)[bf] New[bg] 201 km/h (125 mph)[bh] 2023 Operational
California HSR San FranciscoLos Angeles 1,249 km (776 mi)[bi] New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2030–2033 Under construction
Brightline West Las Vegas-Los Angeles[bj] 351 km (218 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2027–2028 Under construction

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Population data is based on worldometers.info, as of July 2024
  2. ^ Between 2011 and 2017 the speed limit has been decreased from 350 to 300 km/h (220 to 190 mph) on all tracks and lines.[9][10]
  3. ^ Tōhoku Shinkansen to be increased to 360 km/h in around 2027; unconventional lines under construction are expected to be faster.
  4. ^ 1435+1067 dual gauge in the Seikan tunnel
  5. ^ Eurostar (international) trains only. 330 km/h after completion of (HS2). The East Coast Main Line will be increased from 200 to 225 km/h after re-signaling.
  6. ^ 750V DC Third-Rail at junctions only.
  7. ^ Rolling stock is ready to be used on 1520 mm network abroad.
  8. ^ Under construction lines
  9. ^ 250 km/h ready (ERTMS re-signaling needed). 205 km/h is permitted when 200 km/h trains are delayed.
  10. ^ P.A.Th.E./P. sections supporting at least 200km/h are summed here.
  11. ^ Sincan–Köseköy (313km) + Polatlı–Konya (212) + Kayaş–Sivas (394km) + Konya-Karaman (102km)
  12. ^ Under construction lines in Turkey.
  13. ^ Linha do Norte (336 km) + Linha do Sul (274 km)
  14. ^ Additionally, the 10km extension from Elvas to the border.[25]
  15. ^ Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line
  16. ^ High-speed rail in Poland
  17. ^ High-speed rail in Belgium
  18. ^ Diabolo project
  19. ^ Western and New Lower Valley Inn Railway lines.
  20. ^ Gardermoen Line (64 km) + Vestfold Line (137.79 km) + Follo (22 km)
  21. ^ HSL Zuid (125 km) + Hanzelijn (50 km)
  22. ^ Eurostar (international) trains only, local high-speed trains (V250) failed to launch (250 km/h). 200 km/h trains started operation April 2023 (ICNG trains).
  23. ^ High-speed rail in Switzerland
  24. ^ 12.5 kV 60 Hz (New Haven–New York),
    12 kV 25 Hz (New York–Washington),
    25 kV 60 Hz;(Boston–New Haven)
  25. ^ Exception: 1530 in Uzbekistan.
  26. ^ Excluding Turkey which is counted in Asian section.
  27. ^ a b 25 kV 50 Hz (most common); 15 kV 16.7 Hz (second most common); 3 kV DC; 1.5 kV DC
  28. ^ Exception: 1520 in Russia; 1524 in Finland; 1668 in Spain and Portugal
  29. ^ Exception: 1668 in Spain and Portugal
  30. ^ 12.5 kV 60 Hz (New Haven–New York),
    12 kV 25 Hz (New York–Washington),
    25 kV 60 Hz;(Boston–New Haven)
  31. ^ a b Part of the greater Beijing-Hong Kong, Macau corridor.
  32. ^ a b Part of the coastal corridor; consists of the Hangzhou-Fuzhou section which is already operational and is listed separately above
  33. ^ Tianjin-Yantai and Nantong-Suzhou sections under construction
  34. ^ Guangzhou-Hepu section is under construction
  35. ^ 812 km under construction
  36. ^ Including Yinchuan-Xi'an line and Hainan Eastern and Western ring railway lines.
  37. ^ 1,422 km is under construction; ~950 km is planned
  38. ^ 646 km is under construction
  39. ^ Porposed branch to Taipei crossing Taiwan Starit.
  40. ^ 690 km under planning; 409 km under construction
  41. ^ 2,965 km under construction
  42. ^ Including a branch line to Chongqinq.
  43. ^ Xiong'an-Xinzhou (340 km) and Chongqing-Kunming (698.98 km), totalling 1038.96 km is under construction
  44. ^ ~1,000 km under planning.
  45. ^ Max speed attained on record: 603 km/h
  46. ^ Demonstration since 2020.
  47. ^ a b c Danish side
  48. ^ (No trains operate above 200 km/h)
  49. ^ 280 km/h if delayed.
  50. ^ 280 km/h if delayed.
  51. ^ Line is 200 km/h ready but as of 2024, there are no trainsets operating beyond 140-160 km/h on this route.
  52. ^ For tilting trains; rest of the passenger trains operate at 200 km/h
  53. ^ 230 km/h in case of delay; 250 km/h designed speed
  54. ^ 230 km/h in case of delay; 250 km/h designed speed
  55. ^ The 70km section of the line between Belgrade and Novi Sad is operational, with the rest of the section leading to Hungarian border under upgradation.
  56. ^ 67 km of the section is operational while the rest of it is under construction.
  57. ^ While the Northeast Corridor spans 735 kms, only 80.3 km of its section support 240 km/h speeds. Several stretches of track on the Northeast Corridor can support up to 201 km/h speeds, but those speeds are the international standard definition of high-speed rail for upgraded tracks, and also are considered higher-speed rail by FRA standards.
  58. ^ While Brightline spans 273.5 between Orlando and Miami, only a newly built section of 56.3 km between Orlando and Cocoa support speeds of up to 200 km/h, with rest of the section supporting 180 km/h.[54]
  59. ^ The 56.3 km stretch between Orlando and Cocoa which supports 200 km/h is newly built.
  60. ^ Though speeds up to 201 km/h are the international standard definition of high-speed rail on upgraded tracks, Brightline is more considered higher-speed rail by FRA standards.
  61. ^ The IOS (Initial Operating Segment) will be 171 miles, while the completed Phase 1 route will be 494 miles lomg. Currently, the completed system, which includes Phase 2 (includes Sacramento and San Diego), will be 776 miles long. Phase 2 has yet to begin construction.
  62. ^ The Brightline West will run to the Rancho Cucamonga station in Greater Los Angeles in Southern California, where riders can use the Metrolink San Bernardino Line to connect to Union Station.

References

[edit]
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  4. ^ "High speed lines in the World" (PDF). Paris, France: International Union of Railways, UIC. July 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  5. ^ "Le réseau des lignes de chemin de fer à grande vitesse en Europe" (PDF) (in French). Communauté d'intérêts pour les transports publics, section Vaud. May 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via citrap-vaud.ch.
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  7. ^ "China charges full speed ahead on bullet train expansion".
  8. ^ "China restores bullet train speed to 350 km/h – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  9. ^ "China begins to restore 350 kmh bullet train – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  10. ^ "China Just Relaunched the World's Fastest Train". Fortune.com/. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  11. ^ "Red de Alta Velocidad - Adif - AV - Adif". www.adifaltavelocidad.es. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
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  13. ^ "TGV at 40: Its latest model is launching into an age of global rivalry". euronews. September 17, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  14. ^ "Italy agrees to resume controversial Turin-Lyon high-speed rail link". euronews. July 27, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  15. ^ Lasserre, Benoît (January 7, 2017). "La vie à 320km/h: le conducteur de la première rame LGV raconte". Sud-Ouest (in French). ISSN 1760-6454. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
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  17. ^ "HS2 Phase One full business case". GOV.UK. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  18. ^ Globalist, The (September 8, 2018). "Europe's High-Speed Rail Leaders". The Globalist. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  19. ^ a b "20 Countries With Largest High Speed Rail Network". Yahoo Finance. September 6, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  20. ^ "Italy: high-speed railway network length". Statista. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  21. ^ "South Korea: high-speed railroad length". Statista. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  22. ^ "First high speed train Sapsan arrived in St Petersburg from Moscow :: Russia-InfoCentre". www.russia-ic.com. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  23. ^ "Russia begins construction of first high-speed line". International Railway Journal. March 15, 2024. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024.
  24. ^ Pires, André (April 18, 2024). "Portugal: South International Corridor nears completion". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  25. ^ "Linha de Évora, Troço Elvas – (Caia) Fronteira | Infraestruturas de Portugal". www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  26. ^ "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank provides $108 million loan to Uzbekistan for railway line electrification". akipress.com. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  27. ^ "Makkah to Medina in 90 minutes: Saudi king launches new Haramain rail service". Arabian Business. September 26, 2018.
  28. ^ "計畫介紹". www.hsr.gov.tw (in Chinese). Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
  29. ^ "More high speed sets in ONCF rolling stock order". Railway Gazette International. December 19, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  30. ^ "Indonesia: 'Whoosh' train rockets beyond 1.3 million passengers". gulfnews.com. January 11, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  31. ^ "Northeast Corridor Employee Timetable #5" (PDF). National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak). June 7, 2020. p. 110. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020 – via National Transportation Safety Board..
  32. ^ California High-Speed Rail Authority. "Implementation Plan" (PDF). pp. 23, 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
  33. ^ Radović, Z. (March 17, 2022). "Brza pruga Beograd - Novi Sad za građane se otvara u nedelju - koliko će vozova saobraćati i koje će biti cene karata". Euronews.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  34. ^ Vojvodine, Javna medijska ustanova JMU Radio-televizija. "Radovi na pruzi Novi Sad - Subotica, prvi brzi voz će proći krajem 2024". JMU Radio-televizija Vojvodine (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  35. ^ CRNOMARKOVIĆ, A. "Nema stajanja! "Soko" će i do Niša ići 200 na sat: Kreću gradnja i obnova 1.165 kilometara pruga u Srbiji!". INFORMER (in Serbian). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  36. ^ "Copenhagen-Ringsted High-Speed Line". Railway Technology. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  37. ^ "Fjernbanen | Banedanmark". bane.dk. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  38. ^ "Highways Department - Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express Rail Link". www.hyd.gov.hk. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  39. ^ "Japanese high speed rail freight services expand". Railway Gazette International. June 4, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  40. ^ "Sameday Rail". time:matters. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  41. ^ "HighSpeedRail Freight in China: cargo-partner". www.cargo-partner.com. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  42. ^ Barrow, Keith (June 29, 2015). "Last post for French high-speed freight as postal TGVs bow out". International Railway Journal. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  43. ^ "Route alternative approved for the future construction of the Rail Baltica railway from Kaunas to the border with Poland | Rail Baltica". www.railbaltica.org. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  44. ^ "Technical Parameters". www.railbaltica.org. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  45. ^ "India's first high-speed project falls behind". International Railway Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  46. ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. "Hi-speed rail work delayed over curbs". Bangkok Post. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  47. ^ "Thailand signs agreement to build Bangkok-Pattaya rail link". South China Morning Post. October 24, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  48. ^ "نقش چینی‌ها در راه‌اندازی قطار سریع‌السیر اصفهان-تهران-مشهد چیست؟". تجارت نیوز (in Persian). July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  49. ^ "Iran Daily - Number Seven Thousand Five Hundred and Ninety Three - 01 July 2024". newspaper.irandaily.ir. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  50. ^ Writer, Staff; Finance, Arab. "Egypt, Siemens to ink contract for 2 lines of high-speed electric rail in May". www.zawya.com. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  51. ^ "Tlemcen: Le LGV se rapproche de Maghnia à petite vitesse". ITA (in French). Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  52. ^ "Morocco's Al Boraq Ranks 6th Fastest Train In the World". Amal El Attaq-Morocco World. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  53. ^ Hakimian, Rob (May 30, 2024). "Engineers using hyperbaric excavation technique for tunnel on Naples-Bari high-speed line". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  54. ^ "Brightline High-Speed Rail Project, Florida". Railway Technology. Retrieved July 13, 2024.