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List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor

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Governor of Portuguese Timor
Portuguese: Governador do Timor Português
Coat of arms of Portuguese Timor (1935–1975)
ResidencePalácio de Lahane
NominatorPrime Minister of Portugal
AppointerMonarch of Portugal (1647–1910)
President of Portugal (1910–1975)
PrecursorNone
Formation1647
First holderAntónio de São Jacinto
Final holderMário Lemos Pires
Abolished1975
Map of East Timor.

This is a list of European (as well as Australian and Japanese) colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Timor, an area equivalent to modern-day East Timor.

List

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(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Portuguese Timor (Timor Português)
No. Portrait Incumbent Tenure Notes Head(s) of state
(Reign / Term)
From Until
Portuguese suzerainty
Subordinated to Portuguese India
1 António de São Jacinto
Captain
1647 1649 In Cupão
John IV
João IV
House of Braganza
(1647 – 6 November 1656)
2 Francisco Carneiro
Captain
1649 1652 In Cupão
3 ...
Captain
1652 1662

Alphonso VI
Afonso VI
House of Braganza
(6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683)
4 Simão Luís
Captain
1662 1664
5 Simão Luís
Captain-Major
1665 1666
6 António Hornay
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1666 1669 1st time
7 Fernão Martins da Ponte
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1669 1670
8 Mateus da Costa
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1671 1673
9 António Hornay
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1673 1680 2nd time
10 João Antunes Portugal
Captain-Major
1680 1680 Sent by the Kingdom of Portugal but refused by settlers
11 António Hornay
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1680 1693 3rd time

Peter II
Pedro II
House of Braganza
(6 November 1683 – 9 December 1706)
12 Francisco Hornay
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1694 1696
13 António de Mesquita Pimentel
Captain-Major
1696 1697
14 André Coelho Vieira
Captain-Major
1697 1697
15 Domingos da Costa
Captain-Major

Ad Interim

1697 1702
16 António Coelho Guerreiro
Governor
20 February 1702 1705
17 Lourenço Lopes
Governor
1705 1706
18 Manuel Ferreira de Almeida
Governor
1706 1708 1st time
John V
João V
House of Braganza
(9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750)
19 Jácome de Morais Sarmento
Governor
1708 1709
20 Manuel de Souto-Maior
Governor
1709 1714
21 Manuel Ferreira de Almeida
Governor
1714 1714 2nd time
22 Domingos da Costa
Governor
1714 1718
23 Francisco de Melo e Castro
Governor
1718 1719
24 Manuel de Santo António
Governor
1719 1722
25 António de Albuquerque Coelho
Governor
1722 1725
26 António Moniz de Macedo
Governor
1725 1729 1st time
27 Pedro de Melo
Governor
1729 1731
28 Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro
Governor
1731 1734
29 António Moniz de Macedo
Governor
1734 1739 2nd time
30 ...
Governor

Ad Interim

1739 1741
31 Manuel Leonís de Castro
Governor
1741 1745
32 Francisco Xavier Moraes Doutel
Governor
1745 1748
33 Manuel Correia de Lacerda
Governor
1748 1751

Joseph I
José I
House of Braganza
(31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777)
34 Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento
Governor
1751 1759
35 Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito
Governor
1759 1760
36 ...
Governor

Ad Interim

1760 1763
37 Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão
Governor
1763 1765
38 ...
Governor

Ad Interim

1765 1768
39 António José Teles de Meneses
Governor
1768 1776
40 Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses
Governor
1776 1779

Mary I
Maria I
House of Braganza
(24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816)
&

Peter III
Pedro III
House of Braganza
(24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786)
41 Lourenço de Brito Correia
Governor
1779 1782
42 João Anselmo de Almeida Soares
Governor
1782 1785
43 João Baptista Vieira Godinho
Governor
1785 1788
44 Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa
Governor
1788 1790
45 Joaquim Xavier de Morias Sarmento
Governor
1790 1794
46 João Baptista Verquaim
Governor
1794 1800
47 José Joaquim de Sousa
Governor
1800 1804
48 João Vicente Soares da Veiga
Governor
1804 1807
49 António de Mendonça Côrte-Real
Governor
1807 1810
50 António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessõa
Governor
1810 1810
51 Joaquim António Duarte da Silva Veloso
Governor
1810 1812
52 Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão
Governor
1812 1815
53 José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa
Governor
1815 1819

John VI
João VI
House of Braganza
(20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826)
54 Gregório Rodrigues Pereira
Governor
1819 1821
55 Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis
Governor
1821 1832

Peter IV
Pedro IV
House of Braganza
(10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826)

Mary II
Maria II
House of Braganza
(2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828)

Michael I
Miguel I
House of Braganza
(26 February 1828 – 6 May 1834)
56 Miguel da Silveira Lorena
Governor
1832 1832
57 Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira e Lorena
Governor
1832 1834
58 José Maria Marques
Governor
1834 1839
Mary II
Maria II
House of Braganza
(26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853)
&

Ferdinand II
Fernando II
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry
(16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853)
59 Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente
Governor
1839 1844
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
60 Julião José da Silva Vieiras
Governor
1844 1848
61 António Olavo Monteiro Torres
Governor
1848 30 October 1850
Separate colony
62 António Olavo Monteiro Torres
Governor
30 October 1850 1851
63 José Joaquim Lopes de Lima
Governor
23 June 1851 15 September 1851
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
64 José Joaquim Lopes de Lima
Governor
15 September 1851 8 September 1852 Died in office
65 Manuel de Saldanha da Gama
Governor
1852 1856

Peter V
Pedro V
House of Braganza
(15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861)
Subordinated to Portuguese India
66 Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo
Governor
1856 1859
67 Afonso de Castro
Governor
1859 1863

Louis I
Luís I
House of Braganza
(11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889)
Separate overseas province
68 José Manuel Pereira de Almeida
Governor
1863 1864
69 José Eduardo da Costa Meneses
Governor
1864 1866
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
70 Francisco Teixeira da Silva
Governor
1866 1869
António Joaquim Garcia
Governor
71 Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes
Governor
1870 1870 Did not take office
72 João Clímaco de Carvalho
Governor
1870 1871
Manuel de Castro Sampaio
Governor
73 Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco
Governor
1873 1876 1st time
74 Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão
Governor
1876 1878
José Alves da Costa
Governor
75 Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco
Governor
1878 1880 2nd time
76 Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho
Governor
1880 1881
José dos Santos Vaquinhas
Governor
77 Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira
Governor
1882 1883
Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa

Governor

1st time
Francisco de Paula da Lua
Governor
78 João Maria Pereira
Governor
1883 1885
Cipriano Forjaz
Governor
1st time
79 Alfredo de Lacerda Maia
Governor
1885 3 March 1887
80 António Joaquim Garcia
Governor
1887 1887
81 António Francisco da Costa
Governor
1887 1888
82 Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade
Governor
1888 1889
83 Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
Governor
1889 1890 2nd time
Charles I
Carlos
House of Braganza
(19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908)
84 Cipriano Forjaz
Governor
1890 1894 2nd time
85 Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
Governor
1894 1894 3rd time
86 José Celestino da Silva
Governor
1894 15 October 1896
Separate colony
87 José Celestino da Silva
Governor
15 October 1896 1908
88 Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha
Governor

Ad Interim

1908 1908

Emmanuel II
Manuel II
House of Braganza
(1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910)
89 Eduardo Augusto Marquês
Governor
1908 1909
90 Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro
Governor
1909 1910 1st time
91 Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins
Governor
1910 30 October 1910

Teófilo Braga
Provisional President of the First Portuguese Republic
(5 October 1910 – 24 August 1911)
92 Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho
Governor

Ad Interim

1910 1910
93 José Carrazeda Caldas Viana e Andrade
Governor

Ad Interim

1910 1910
94 Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral
Governor
1911 1913 1st time; served during the East Timorese rebellion of 1911–12

Manuel de Arriaga
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(24 August 1911 – 26 May 1915)
95 Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro
Governor

Ad Interim

1913 1914 2nd time
96 Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral
Governor
1914 1917 2nd time

Teófilo Braga
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(29 May 1915 – 5 October 1915)

Bernardino Machado
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(5 October 1915 – 5 December 1917)
97 César de Abreu
Governor

Ad Interim

1917 1917
José Machado Duarte Júnior
Governor

Ad Interim

98 Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco
Governor

Ad Interim

1917 1919 1st time

Sidónio Pais
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(28 April 1918 – 14 December 1918)

João do Canto e Castro
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(16 December 1918 – 5 October 1919)
99 Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil
Governor
1919 1920

António José de Almeida
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923)
100 Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco
Governor

Ad Interim

1920 1921 2nd time
101 José de Paiva Gomes
Governor
1921 1921 1st time
102 Humberto dos Santos Leitão
Governor

Ad Interim

1921 1921 1st time
103 José de Paiva Gomes
Governor
1921 1923 2nd time

Manuel Teixeira Gomes
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925)
104 Humberto dos Santos Leitão
Governor

Ad Interim

1923 1924 2nd time
105 Raimundo Enes Meira
Governor
1924 1926

Bernardino Machado
President of the First Portuguese Republic
(11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926)
106 Teófilo Duarte
Governor
1926 1929

José Mendes Cabeçadas
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(31 May 1926 – 17 June 1926)

Manuel Gomes da Costa
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(29 June 1926 – 9 July 1926)

Óscar Carmona
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
107 Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana
Governor
1929 1930
108 Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares
Governor

Ad Interim

1930 1930
109 Antonio Baptista Justo
Governor
1930 1933
110 José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira
Governor

Ad Interim

1933 1933
111 Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz
Governor
1933 1936
112 Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro
Governor

Ad Interim

1936 1936
113 Álvaro Eugénio Neves da Fontoura
Governor
1937 1940
114 António Jacinto Magro
Governor

Ad Interim

1940 1940
115 Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho [pt]
Governor
1940 8 December 1945 Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945
Allied occupation of Portuguese Timor
116 William Leggatt
Commander of Australian forces
17 December 1941 20 February 1942
George VI
House of Windsor
(11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952)
Nico Leonard Willem van Straten [nl]
Commander of Dutch forces
17 December 1941 20 February 1942
Wilhelmina
House of Orange-Nassau
(23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)
Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor
117 Takeo Itō
Commander
20 February 1942 20 February 1942 Commanding officer of Japanese landing forces
Emperor Shōwa
昭和天皇
(1926 – 1989)
118 Sadashichi Doi
Commander
20 February 1942 August 1942
119 Yuitsu Tsuchihashi
Commander
August 1942 22 November 1944
120 Kunitaro Yamada
Commander
22 November 1944 11 September 1945
Portuguese Timor
121 Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho [pt]
Governor
1940 8 December 1945 Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945
Óscar Carmona
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
122 Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas [pt]
Governor
1946 1950
123 César Maria de Serpa Rosa
Governor
1950 11 June 1950
Overseas province
César Maria de Serpa Rosa
Governor
11 June 1950 1958
124
António de Oliveira Salazar
Acting President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(18 April 1951 – 21 July 1951)

Francisco Craveiro Lopes
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958)
125 Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata
Governor
1959 1963
Américo Tomás
President of the Second Portuguese Republic
(9 August 1958 – 25 April 1974)
126 José Alberty Correia
Governor
1963 1968
127 José Nogueira Valente Pires
Governor
1968 1972
Fernando Alves Adeía
Governor
1972 1974
128

National Salvation Junta
(25 April 1974 – 15 May 1974)

António de Spínola
President of the Third Portuguese Republic
(15 May 1974 – 30 September 1974)

Francisco da Costa Gomes
President of the Third Portuguese Republic
(30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976)
129 Mário Lemos Pires
Governor
18 November 1974 27 November 1975 From 11 August 1975, on Atauro Island
Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor
Invaded and occupied by Indonesia (from 17 July 1976, annexed as East Timor province). Not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized by United Nations as Portuguese territory.
130 Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo [id]
Governor
3 August 1976 19 September 1978
Suharto
President of Indonesia
(27 March 1968 – 21 May 1998)

B. J. Habibie
President of Indonesia
(21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999)
131 Guilherme Maria Gonçalves [id]
Governor
19 September 1978 18 September 1982
132 Mário Viegas Carrascalão
Governor
18 September 1982 18 September 1992
133 José Abílio Osório Soares
Governor
18 September 1992 19 October 1999
Referendum votes for independence 78%
International Administration (from 28 February 2000, under UN Administration; United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor [UNTAET]).
134 Sérgio Vieira de Mello
Transitional Administrator
25 October 1999 19 May 2002
Kofi Annan
Secretary-General of the United Nations
(1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006)
Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor

For continuation after independence, see: President of East Timor

See also

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Further reading

[edit]
  • Huber, Juliette (2021). "Chapter 2: At the Periphery of Nanyang: The Hakka Community of Timor-Leste / 2.3 The Portuguese in Asia: Timor and Macao". In Hoogervorst, Tom; Chia, Caroline (eds.). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic voices across the Southern Seas. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 52–90. doi:10.1163/9789004473263_004. ISBN 9789004473263.
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