Jump to content

List of Puerto Ricans

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Location

This is a list of notable people from Puerto Rico which includes people who were born in Puerto Rico (Borinquen) and people who are of full or partial Puerto Rican descent. The government of Puerto Rico has been issuing "Certificates of Puerto Rican Citizenship" to anyone born in Puerto Rico or to anyone born outside of Puerto Rico with at least one parent who was born in Puerto Rico since 2007.[1][2] Also included in the list are some long-term continental American and other residents or immigrants of other ethnic heritages who have made Puerto Rico their home and consider themselves to be Puerto Ricans.

The list is divided into categories and, in some cases, sub-categories, which best describe the field for which the subject is most noted. Some categories such as "Actors, actresses, comedians and directors" are relative since a subject who is a comedian may also be an actor or director. In some cases a subject may be notable in more than one field, such as Luis A. Ferré, who is notable both as a former governor and as an industrialist. However, the custom is to place the subject's name under the category for which the subject is most noted.

Actors, actresses, comedians and directors

[edit]
Henry Darrow
Benicio del Toro
Erik Estrada
José Ferrer
Juano Hernández
Jennifer Lopez
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Rita Moreno
Lymari Nadal
Rosie Perez
Joaquin Phoenix
Marquita Rivera
Jon Seda
Jimmy Smits
Liz Torres
David Zayas

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

  • Ivy Queen (born 1972), singer, lyricist, rapper, musician, fashion icon; one of the early founders and creators of the reggaeton style
  • Adolfo Quiñones (1955–2020), actor, dancer, choreographer

R

S

T

U

V

W

Z

Adult film entertainers

[edit]

Hosts/presenters

[edit]

Architects

[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Puerto Rican architects.
Andrés Mignucci, architect

Authors, playwrights and poets

[edit]
Alejandro Tapia y Rivera
Nelson Denis
José Rivera, playwright

A

B

C

D

E

F

  • Héctor Feliciano (born 1952), author; his book The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art has shed light on an estimated 20,000 looted works; each one is owned by a museum or a collector somewhere[91]
  • Rosario Ferré (1938–2016), writer[92]
  • Shaggy Flores (born 1973), Nuyorican writer, poet; African diaspora scholar; founder of Voices for the Voiceless[93]
  • Carlos Fonseca Suárez (born 1987), Costa Rican-Puerto Rican writer and academic; works include the novels Colonel Lágrimas, Museo animal, and Austral[94]
  • Félix Franco Oppenheimer (1912–2004), poet and writer; works include Contornos, Imagen y visión edénica de Puerto Rico, and Antología poética[95]
  • Isabel Freire de Matos (1915–2004), writer, educator and advocate of Puerto Rican independence[96]

G

H

L

M

N

  • Richie Narvaez (born 1965), short story writer and novelist, author of Hipster Death Rattle (2019) and Noiryorican (2020)[127]
  • Mercedes Negrón Muñoz (1895–1973), a.k.a. "Clara Lair"; poet whose work dealt with the everyday struggles of the common Puerto Rican[128]

O

  • Judith Ortiz Cofer (1952–2016), poet, writer and essayist; in 1994, became the first Hispanic to win the O. Henry Prize for her story "The Latin Deli"; in 1996, she and illustrator Susan Guevara became the first recipients of the Pura Belpre Award for Hispanic children's literature[102][129]
  • Micol Ostow (born 1976), author of Mind Your Manners, Dick and Jane and Emily Goldberg Learns to Salsa[130]

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z

Beauty queens and fashion models

[edit]
Susie Castillo, Miss USA
Zuleyka Rivera, Miss Universe
Valeria Vazquez Latorre, Miss Supranational 2018

Business people and industrialists

[edit]
José Ramon Fernández, "Marqués de La Esperanza"
Juan Serrallés, industrialist, founder of Destilería Serralles, makers of Don Q rum
Eduardo Georgetti, wealthy sugar baron

Cartoonists

[edit]
John Rivas
George Pérez

Civil rights and political activists

[edit]
María de las Mercedes Barbudo
José Maldonado Román
Helen Rodríguez Trías, women's rights activist and recipient of the Presidential Citizen's Medal
Sylvia Mendez
Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
Elías Beauchamp
Olga Viscal Garriga
  • María de las Mercedes Barbudo (1773–1849), political activist; often called the first female Puerto Rican "Independentista"[199]
  • Rosario Bellber González (1881–1948), educator, social worker, women's rights activist, suffragist, and philanthropist; initiator, vice president and one of the founders of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association (Spanish: Asociación de Maestros de Puerto Rico); Bellber is also one of the founders of the Children's Hospital of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Hospital del Niño de Puerto Rico) and president of the Social League of Suffragists of Puerto Rico (Spanish: La Liga Social Sufragista (LSS) de Puerto Rico); in 1944, founded the House of Health and Convalescence for Children with Tuberculosis (Spanish: Sanatorio para Niños con Tuberculosis) in the mountain town of Aibonito[200][201][202][203]
  • Mariana Bracetti (1825–1903) a.k.a. "Brazo de Oro" ("Golden Arm"), political activist; leader of the Lares's Revolutionary Council during the Grito de Lares; knit the first flag of the future Republic of Puerto Rico
  • Mathias Brugman (1811–1868), political activist; leader of the Grito de Lares; founded the first revolutionary committee in the City of Mayagüez; his revolutionary cell was code named "Capa Prieta" (Black Cape)
  • María Cadilla (1884–1951), women's rights activist; one of the first women in Puerto Rico to earn a doctoral degree
  • Luisa Capetillo (1879–1922), labor activist; one of Puerto Rico's most famous labor organizers; writer and an anarchist who fought for workers and women's rights
  • Alice Cardona (1930–2011), activist and community organizer[204]
  • Dennis Flores, activist and filmmaker[205]
  • Tito Kayak (born 1958), political activist; gained notoriety when a group of Vieques natives and other Puerto Ricans began protesting and squatting on U.S. Navy bombing zones after the 1999 death of Puerto Rican civilian and Vieques native David Sanes, who was killed during a U.S. Navy bombing exercise[206][207][208][209][210][211][212]
  • Sylvia del Villard (1928–1990), Afro-Puerto Rican activist, founder of the Afro-Boricua El Coquí Theater; an outspoken activist who fought for the equal rights of the Black Puerto Rican artist; in 1981, she became the first and only director of the Office of Afro-Puerto Rican Affairs of the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (Puerto Rican Institute of Culture) (see also "Actresses")
  • Isabel González (1882–1971), civil rights activist; young Puerto Rican mother who paved the way for Puerto Ricans to be given United States citizenship[213]
  • Lillian López (1925–2005), librarian and labor activist; founder of the New York Public Library South Bronx Project; advocate for library and education services for Spanish-speaking communities[214]
  • Óscar López Rivera (born 1943), pro-independence activist; the longest incarcerated FALN member[215]
  • José Maldonado Román (1874–1932), a.k.a. "Aguila Blanca" (White Eagle), revolutionary[216]
  • Rosa Martínez (b. 1952) and Eliana Martínez (1981–1989), AIDS activist; was involved in a notable Florida court case regarding the rights of HIV+ children in public schools[217]
  • Felícitas Méndez (1916–1998) (née Gómez), activist; with her husband, in 1946, led a community battle which set an important legal precedent for ending de jure segregation in the United States (see Mendez v. Westminster);[218] credited with paving the way for integration and the American civil rights movement[219]
  • Ana María O'Neill (1894–1981), women's rights activist and educator; in 1929, became the first female professor in the field of commerce in the University of Puerto Rico, which she taught until 1951; urged women to participate in every aspect of civic life and to defend their right to vote[220]
  • Manuel Olivieri Sánchez (1888–?), civil rights activist; court interpreter and a civil rights activist who led the legal battle which granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans living in Hawaii[221]
  • Olivia Paoli (1855–1942), suffragist and activist who fought for the rights of women in Puerto Rico; founder of the first theosophist lodge in Puerto Rico[222][223][224][225]
  • César A. Perales (born 1940), civil rights lawyer; founder of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (now LatinoJustice PRLDEF); won precedent-setting lawsuits combating discrimination; New York Secretary of State[226]
  • Sylvia Rae Rivera (1951–2002), transgender activist; veteran of the 1969 Stonewall riots[227]
  • Anthony Romero (born 1965), civil rights leader; executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union[228]
  • Helen Rodríguez Trías (1929–2001), physician and women's rights activist; first Latina president of the American Public Health Association; a founding member of the Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association; recipient of the Presidential Citizen's Medal; credited with helping to expand the range of public health services for women and children in minority and low-income populations in the US, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East[229] (see also "Educators" and "Scientists")
  • Manuel Rojas (1831–1903), Venezuelan born Puerto Rican independence leader in the El Grito de Lares revolt against Spanish colonial rule
  • Ana Roque (1853–1933), women's rights activist, educator and suffragist; one of the founders of the University of Puerto Rico[230]
  • Soraya Santiago Solla (1947–2020), transgender activist; first person in Puerto Rico to change the gender designation on their birth certificate following gender reassignment surgery[231]
  • Arturo Alfonso Schomburg (1874–1938), civil rights and pro-independence activist; pioneer in black history who helped raise awareness of the contributions by Afro-Latin Americans and Afro-Americans to society[232]
  • Pedro Julio Serrano (born 1974), human rights activist; President of Puerto Rico Para Tod@s, which strives for inclusion of LGBT community and for social justice for all in Puerto Rico; Communication Manager at the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force[233]
  • Marcos Xiorro, house slave; in 1821, planned and conspired to lead a slave revolt against the sugar plantation owners and the Spanish Colonial government in Puerto Rico[234]

Nationalists

[edit]

Political activists who were members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party:

  • Elías Beauchamp (1908–1936), political activist and nationalist; in 1936, assassinated Elisha Francis Riggs, the United States-appointed police chief of Puerto Rico; considered a hero by the members of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement[235]
  • Blanca Canales (1906–1996), political activist; nationalist leader who led the Jayuya Uprising in 1950 against US colonial rule of Puerto Rico
  • Rafael Cancel Miranda (1930–2020), political activist; member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and advocate of Puerto Rican independence who attacked the United States House of Representatives in 1954
  • Óscar Collazo (1914–1994), political activist; one of two nationalists who attempted to assassinate President Harry S. Truman
  • Rosa Collazo (1904–1988) a.k.a. Rosa Cortéz Collazo, political activist and treasurer of the New York City branch of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party[236]
  • Raimundo Díaz Pacheco (1906–1950), political activist; Commander-in-Chief of the Cadets of the Republic (Cadetes de la República), a quasi-military organization and official youth organization within the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party[237]
  • Andrés Figueroa Cordero (1924–1979), political activist; member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; one of four nationalists who attacked the United States House of Representatives in 1954[238]
  • Irvin Flores Ramírez (1925–1994), political activist; Nationalist leader and activist; one of four nationalists who attacked the United States House of Representatives in 1954[239]
  • Lolita Lebrón (1919–2009), political activist; Nationalist leader and activist; the leader of four nationalists who attacked the United States House of Representatives in 1954[239]
  • Tomás López de Victoria (1911–?), political activist and Sub-Commander of the Cadets of the Republic; the captain in charge of the cadets who participated in the peaceful march which ended up as the Ponce massacre, he led the Nationalists in the Arecibo revolt in the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolt of 1950[240]
  • Isolina Rondón (1913–1990), political activist and Treasurer of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; one of the few witnesses of the October 24, 1935 killing of four Nationalists by local police officers in Puerto Rico during a confrontation with the supporters of the Nationalist Party, known as the Río Piedras massacre[241]
  • Hiram Rosado (1911–1936), political activist and nationalist; in 1936 participated in the assassination of Elisha Francis Riggs, the United States-appointed police chief of Puerto Rico; he and his comrade Elías Beauchamp are considered heroes by the members of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement[235]
  • Isabel Rosado (1907–2015), political activist; imprisoned multiple times[242]
  • Vidal Santiago Díaz (1910–1982), political activist; barber of Pedro Albizu Campos and uncle of the novelist Esmeralda Santiago; made Puerto Rican media history when numerous police officers and National Guardsmen attacked him at his barbershop during the 1950 Nationalist Revolt; this was the first time in Puerto Rican history that such an attack was transmitted via radio to the public[243]
  • Griselio Torresola (1925–1950), political activist; Nationalist who died in an attempt to assassinate President Harry S. Truman in 1950
  • Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff (1907–2005), political activist, former President of the New York chapter of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in the 1930s; in the 1990s was among the pro-independence activists who protested against the United States Navy's use of his birthplace, Vieques, as a bombing range[244]
  • Olga Viscal Garriga (1929–1995), political activist, member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; in the late 1940s became a student leader at the University of Puerto Rico and spokesperson of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party's branch in Río Piedras[245]

Clergy, religion

[edit]
Painting of Santa Rosa de Lima
Painting of Alejo de Arizmendi

Pre–20th century

20th century

21st century

Composers, singers, musicians and opera performers

[edit]
Chayanne
Marc Anthony, singer
José Feliciano, singer and composer of "Feliz Navidad"
Felipe Rose, Village People
Jim Jones, rapper
Bruno Mars
Ricky Martin, singer
Melanie Martinez, singer
Elsa Miranda, singer
Yolandita Monge, singer
Carli Muñoz, pianist
Nedra Talley
Rubén Colón Tarrats, orchestra conductor

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

V

W

Y

Z

Opera

[edit]
Antonio Paolí

Criminals and outlaws

[edit]
Antonio Correa Cotto

Pre-20th century

  • Roberto Cofresí, a.k.a. '"El Pirata Cofresí"' (Cofresí the Pirate); his exploits as a pirate are part of Puerto Rico's folklore

20th century

21st century

Diplomats

[edit]
Hans Hertell

20th century

21st century

Educators

[edit]
Rafael Cordero
Eugenio María de Hostos
Angel M. Ramos
Drawing of Angelo Falcón

Governors of Puerto Rico

[edit]
See also: List of governors of Puerto Rico
Juan Ponce de León II

Pre-20th century

20th century

21st century

First Ladies of Puerto Rico

[edit]
Further information: First Ladies and Gentlemen of Puerto Rico

First Lady or First Gentleman of Puerto Rico, a.k.a. Primera Dama o Primer Caballero de Puerto Rico in Spanish, is the official title given by the government of Puerto Rico to the spouse of the governor of Puerto Rico or the relatives of the governor, should the holder be unmarried. The governor's spouse leads the Office of the First Lady or First Gentleman of Puerto Rico. The position of First Lady or First Gentleman carries no official duty and receives no compensation for their service. They generally oversee the administration of La Fortaleza, the mansion that serves as the governor's residence and office. They also organize events and civic programs, and typically get involved in different charities and social causes.[350][351]

First Gentleman of Puerto Rico

[edit]

Historians

[edit]
Salvador Brau
Tony Santiago Rodríguez, a.k.a. Tony "the Marine" Santiago

Journalists

[edit]
Geraldo Rivera

Judges, law enforcement and firefighters

[edit]

Judges

Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court

Laws in the U.S. inspired by Puerto Ricans

  • Briana's Law – Briana Ojeda was an 11-year-old girl who died in the summer of 2010 when a police officer did not perform CPR on her after she suffered from an asthma attack. Briana's Law, which requires that every police officer and member of the State Police, including police officer trainees and state police cadets, receive CPR training prior to employment as well as during employment every two years, was named in her honor.[391]
  • Gonzales v. Williams – Isabel González was a Puerto Rican activist who helped pave the way for Puerto Ricans to be given United States citizenship. González challenged the Government of the United States in the groundbreaking case Gonzales v. Williams (192 U.S. 1 (1904)). Her Supreme Court case is the first time that the Court confronted the citizenship status of inhabitants of territories acquired by the United States. González actively pursued the cause of U.S. citizenship for all Puerto Ricans by writing letters published in The New York Times.[392]
  • Mendez v. Westminster – Felicitas Gomez Mendez was a pioneer of the American civil rights movement. In 1946, Mendez and her husband led an educational civil rights battle that changed California and set an important legal precedent for ending de jure segregation in the United States. Their landmark desegregation case, known as Mendez v. Westminster, paved the way for meaningful integration, public school reform, and the American civil rights movement.[393][219]

Law enforcement

Nick Estavillo
  • Nicholas Estavillo, NYPD Chief of Patrol (Ret.); in 2002, became first Puerto Rican and first Hispanic in the history of the NYPD to reach the three-star rank of Chief of Patrol[394]
  • Faith Evans, Hawaiian-Puerto Rican, first woman to be named U.S. Marshal[395]
  • Alejandro González Malavé, controversial undercover police officer
  • Irma Lozada, New York City transit police; first female police officer to die in the line of duty in New York City[396]
  • José Meléndez-Pérez, INS officer who was named in 9/11 Commission Report; denied entry to terrorist in August 2001[397]
  • Benito Romano, United States Attorney in New York; first Puerto Rican to hold the United States Attorney's post in New York on an interim basis[398]
  • Joe Sánchez, former New York City police officer and author whose books give an insight as to the corruption within the department[399]
  • Pedro Toledo, retired FBI senior agent and longest-serving state police superintendent
  • Alex Villanueva, Los Angeles County Sheriff[400]

Firefighters

Military

[edit]
Miguel Enríquez
Demetrio O'Daly
Antonio Valero de Bernabé
Manuel Rojas
Augusto Rodríguez
Juan Ríus Rivera
José Semidei Rodríguez
Ángel Rivero Méndez
Luis R. Esteves
Teófilo Marxuach
Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas
Mihiel Gilormini
Frederick Lois Riefkohl
Joseph B. Aviles Sr.
Carmen Dumler
Virgil R. Miller
Pedro del Valle
Agustin Ramos Calero
Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
Carmen Contreras-Bozak
José Antonio Muñiz
Modesto Cartagena
Rose Franco
Fernando Luis García
Horacio Rivero Jr.
Carlos James Lozada
Antonio Maldonado
Angel Mendez
Héctor Andrés Negroni
Héctor Santiago-Colón
Jorge Otero Barreto
Humbert Roque "Rocky" Versace
Eurípides Rubio
Lizbeth Robles
Frances M. Vega
Rafael O'Ferrall
Maritza Sáenz Ryan
Brigadier General Marta Carcana
Brigadier General Irene M. Zoppi

16th century

17th century

  • Juan de Amézqueta, Captain, Puerto Rican Militia; defeated Captain Balduino Enrico (Boudewijn Hendricksz), who in 1625 was ordered by the Dutch to capture Puerto Rico[404]

18th century

  • Rafael Conti, Colonel, Spanish Army; in 1790, captured 11 enemy ships involved in smuggling stolen goods. In 1797, he helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico from a British invasion in his hometown, Aguadilla. In 1809, he organized a military expedition fight with the aim of returning Hispaniola, which now comprise the nations of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, back to Spanish rule.[405]
  • Antonio de los Reyes Correa, Captain, Spanish Army; Puerto Rican hero who defended the town Arecibo in 1702 from an invasion by defeating the British; was awarded La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie (The Gold Medal of the Royal Image), by King Philip V of Spain and given the title "Captain of Infantry"[406]
  • José and Francisco Díaz, Sergeants, Puerto Rican militia; cousins in the Toa Baja Militia who helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico from a British invasion in 1797[407]
  • Miguel Henríquez, Captain, Spanish Navy; in 1713, defeated the British in Vieques and was awarded the La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie (The Gold Medal of the Royal Effigy)[408]

19th century

20th century

  • Ricardo Aponte, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; fighter pilot in F-111s, politico-military affairs, former Director of the Innovation and Experimentation Directorate, United States Southern Command; first Puerto Rican to hold this position[420]
  • Félix Arenas Gaspar, Captain, Spanish Army; posthumously awarded the Cruz Laureada de San Fernando (Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand – Spain's version of the Medal of Honor) for his actions in the Rif War[421]
  • Joseph (José) B. Aviles Sr., CWO2, U.S. Coast Guard; on September 28, 1925, became the first Hispanic Chief Petty Officer in the United States Coast Guard; during World War II received a wartime promotion to Chief Warrant Officer, becoming the first Hispanic to reach that level as well[422]
  • Rafael Celestino Benítez, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; a highly decorated submarine commander who led the rescue effort of the crew members of the USS Cochino, which was involved in the first American undersea spy mission of the Cold War[423]
  • Carlos Betances Ramírez, Colonel, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican to command a battalion in the Korean War; in 1952, he assumed the command of the 2nd Battalion, 65th Infantry Regiment[424]
  • José M. Cabanillas, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; in World War II he was Executive Officer of the USS Texas (BB-35) and participated in the invasions of Africa and Normandy (D-Day)[425]
  • Richard Carmona, Vice Admiral, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps; served as the 17th Surgeon General of the United States under President George W. Bush[426]
  • Modesto Cartagena, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army; the most decorated Hispanic soldier in history; distinguished himself in combat during the Korean War as a member of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry and is being considered for the Medal of Honor[427]
  • Carlos Fernando Chardón, Major General, Puerto Rico National Guard; Secretary of State of Puerto Rico 1969–73; Puerto Rico Adjutant General 1973–75[428]
  • Félix Conde Falcón, Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army; received the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014, for his courageous actions while serving as an acting Platoon Leader in Company D, 1st Battalion, 505th Infantry Regiment, 3d Brigade, 82d Airborne Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Ap Tan Hoa, Republic of Vietnam on April 4, 1969[429]
  • Carmen Contreras-Bozak, Tech4, U.S. Women's Army Corps; first Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps; served as an interpreter and in numerous administrative positions during World War II[430]
  • Virgilio N. Cordero Jr., Brigadier General, U.S. Army; a Battalion Commander of the 31st Infantry Regiment who documented his experiences as a prisoner of war and his participation in the infamous Bataan Death March of World War II.[431]
  • Juan César Cordero Dávila, Major General, U.S. Army; commanding officer of the 65th Infantry Regiment during the Korean War, thus becoming one of the highest ranking ethnic officers in the Army[432]
  • Encarnación Correa, Sergeant, U.S. Army; the person who fired the first warning shots in World War I on behalf of the United States against a ship flying the colors of the Central Powers, when on March 21, 1915, under the orders of then-Lieutenant Teófilo Marxuach, he manned a machine gun and opened fire on the Odenwald, an armed German supply ship trying to force its way out of the San Juan Bay[433]
  • Ruben A. Cubero, Brigadier General U.S. Air Force; of Puerto Rican descent; highly decorated member of the United States Air Force; in 1991 became the first Hispanic graduate of the United States Air Force Academy to be named Dean of the Faculty of the Academy[434]
  • Pedro del Valle, Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps; first Hispanic three-star Marine general; his military career included service in World War I, Haiti and Nicaragua during the so-called Banana Wars of the 1920s, and in the seizure of Guadalcanal and later as Commanding General of the U.S. 1st Marine Division during World War II played an instrumental role in the defeat of the Japanese forces in Okinawa[435]
  • Carmelo Delgado Delgado, Lieutenant, Abraham Lincoln International Brigade; first Puerto Rican and one of the first U.S. citizens to fight and to die in the Spanish Civil War against General Francisco Franco and the Spanish Nationalists[436]
  • Alberto Díaz Jr., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic to become the Director of the San Diego Naval Medical District[437]
  • Luis R. Esteves, Major General, U.S. Army; in 1915, became the first Puerto Rican and therefore the first Hispanic to graduate from the United States Military Academy; organized the Puerto Rican National Guard[438]
  • Salvador E. Felices, Major General, U.S. Air Force; first Puerto Rican general in the U.S. Air Force; in 1953, he flew in 19 combat missions over North Korea during the Korean War; in 1957, he participated in a historic project that was given to Fifteenth Air Force by the Strategic Air Command headquarters known as "Operation Power Flite", the first around the world non-stop flight by all-jet aircraft[439]
  • Michelle Fraley (née Hernández), Colonel, U.S. Army; became in 1984 the first Puerto Rican woman to graduate from West Point Military Academy; former chief of staff of the Army Network Enterprise Technology Command[440][441]
  • Rose Franco, CWO3, U.S. Marine Corps; first female Hispanic Chief Warrant Officer in the Marine Corps; in 1965 was named Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, Paul Henry Nitze by the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson[442]
  • Edmund Ernest García, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; during World War II he was commander of the destroyer USS Sloat (DE-245) and saw action in the invasions of Africa, Sicily, and France[443]
  • Fernando Luis García, Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps; first Puerto Rican awarded the Medal of Honor; posthumously awarded the medal for his actions against enemy aggressor forces in the Korean War on September 5, 1952.[444]
  • Linda Garcia Cubero, Captain, U.S. Air Force; of Mexican-Puerto Rican heritage; in 1980 became the first female Hispanic graduate of any of the U.S. military academies when she graduated from the United States Air Force Academy[445]
  • Carmen García Rosado, Private First Class, U.S. Women's Army Corps; was among the first 200 Puerto Rican women to be recruited into the WAC's during World War II; author of Las WACS-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (The WACs – The participation of the Puerto Rican women in the Second World War), the first book which documents the experiences of the first 200 Puerto Rican women to participate in said conflict as members of the armed forces of the United States[446]
  • Mihiel Gilormini, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; World War II hero, recipient of 5 Distinguished Flying Crosses; together with Brig. General Alberto A. Nido and Lt. Col. Jose Antonio Muñiz, founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard; previously flew for the Royal Canadian Air Force (1941) and the Royal Air Force (1941–1942)[447]
  • Manuel Goded Llopis, General, Spanish Army; a Puerto Rican in the Spanish Army; one of the first generales to join General Francisco Franco in the revolt against the Spanish Republican government (also known as Spanish loyalists) in the Spanish Civil War; previously distinguished himself in the Battle of Alhucemas of the Rif War[448]
  • César Luis González, First Lieutenant, U.S. Army Air Force; first Puerto Rican pilot in the United States Army Air Force; first Puerto Rican pilot to die in World War II.[449]
  • Diego E. Hernández, Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic to be named Vice Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command; flew two combat tours in Vietnam during the Vietnam War; in 1980, took command of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)[450]
  • Haydee Javier Kimmich, Captain, U.S. Navy; highest ranking Hispanic female in the Navy; Chief of Orthopedics at the Navy Medical Center in Bethesda and she reorganized Reservist Department of the medical center during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm[451]
  • Orlando Llenza, Major General, U.S. Air Force; second Puerto Rican to reach the rank of Major General (two-star General) in the United States Air Force; Adjutant General of the Puerto Rico National Guard[452]
  • Carlos Lozada, Private First Class, U.S. Army; posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on November 20, 1967, at Dak To in the Republic of Vietnam[453]
  • Carmen Lozano Dumler, 2nd Lieutenant, U.S. Women's Army Corps; one of the first Puerto Rican women Army officers; in 1944, she was sworn in as a 2nd Lieutenant and assigned to the 161st General Hospital in San Juan[451]
  • Antonio Maldonado, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; in 1965, became the youngest person to pilot a B-52 aircraft; his active participation in the Vietnam War included 183 air combat missions[454]
  • Joseph (José) R. Martínez, Private First Class, U.S. Army; destroyed a German Infantry unit and tank in Tuniz by providing heavy artillery fire, saving his platoon from being attacked in the process; received the Distinguished Service Cross from General George S. Patton, becoming the first Puerto Rican recipient of said military decoration[455]
  • Lester Martínez López, MPH, Major General, U.S. Army; first Hispanic to head the Army Medical and Research Command[456]
  • Gilberto José Marxuach, Colonel, U.S. Army[457]
  • Teófilo Marxuach, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army; fired a hostile shot from a cannon located at the Santa Rosa battery of El Morro fort, in what is considered to be the first shot of World War I fired by the regular armed forces of the United States against any ship flying the colors of the Central Powers,[458] forcing the Odenwald to stop and to return to port where its supplies were confiscated[459]
  • George E. Mayer, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic Commander of the Naval Safety Center; led an international naval exercise known as Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2003 from his flagship, the USS Vella Gulf (CG-72); this was the first time in the 31-year history of BALTOPS that the exercise included combined ground troops from Russia, Poland, Denmark and the United States[460]
  • Angel Mendez, Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps; of Puerto Rican descent; was awarded the Navy Cross in Vietnam and is being considered for the Medal of Honor; saved the life of his lieutenant, Ronald D. Castille, who went on to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania[461]
  • Enrique Méndez Jr., Major General, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican to assume the positions of Army Deputy Surgeon General, Commander of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs[462]
  • Virgil R. Miller, Colonel, U.S. Army; Regimental Commander of the 442d Regimental Combat Team (RCT), a unit which was composed of "Nisei" (second generation Americans of Japanese descent), during World War II; led the 442nd in its rescue of the Lost Texas Battalion of the 36th Infantry Division, in the forests of the Vosges Mountains in northeastern France[463]
  • José Antonio Muñiz Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force; together with then-Colonels Alberto A. Nido and Mihiel Gilormini, founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard; in 1963, the Air National Guard Base, at the San Juan International airport in Puerto Rico, was renamed "Muñiz Air National Guard Base" in his honor[464]
  • William A. Navas Jr., Major General, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican named Assistant Secretary of the Navy; a veteran of the Vietnam War; nominated in 2001 by President George W. Bush to serve as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)[465]
  • Juan E. Negrón, Master Sergeant, U.S. Army; received the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014, for courageous actions while serving as a member of Company L, 65th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Kalma-Eri, Korea, on April 28, 1951[429]
  • Héctor Andrés Negroni, Colonel, U.S. Air Force; first Puerto Rican graduate of the United States Air Force Academy; a veteran of the Vietnam War; was awarded the Aeronautical Merit Cross, Spai'ns highest Air Force peacetime award for his contributions to the successful implementation of the United States-Spain Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation[466]
  • Alberto A. Nido, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; a World War II war hero who together with Lt. Col. Jose Antonio Muñiz, co-founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard and served as its commander for many years; served in the Royal Canadian Air Force, the British Royal Air Force and in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II[467]
  • Jorge Otero Barreto, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army; with 38 decorations, which includes 2 Silver Star Medals, 5 Bronze Star Medals with Valor, 4 Army Commendation medals, 5 Purple Heart Medals and 5 Air Medals, has been called the most decorated Puerto Rican soldier of the Vietnam War.[468]
  • Dolores Piñero, U.S. Army Medical Corps; despite the fact that she was not an active member of the military, she was the first Puerto Rican woman doctor to serve in the Army under contract during World War I; at first she was turned down, but after writing a letter to the Army Surgeon General in Washington, D.C. she was ordered to report to Camp Las Casas in Santurce, Puerto Rico; in October 1918, she signed her contract with the Army.[469]
  • José M. Portela, Brigadier General U.S. Air Force; served in the position of Assistant Adjutant General for Air while also serving as commander of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard; in 1972, became the youngest C-141 Starlifter aircraft commander and captain at age 22; the only reservist ever to serve as director of mobility forces for Bosnia[470]
  • Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano, Captain, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic submarine commander; awarded two Silver Stars and a Bronze Star for his actions against the Japanese Imperial Navy during World War II[471][472]
  • Antonio J. Ramos, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; first Hispanic to serve as commander, Air Force Security Assistance Center, Air Force Materiel Command, and dual-hatted as Assistant to the Commander for International Affairs, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command[473]
  • Agustín Ramos Calero, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army; with 22 military decorations, was the most decorated soldier in all of the United States during World War II[424]
  • Fernando L. Ribas-Dominicci, Major, U.S. Air Force; one of the pilots who participated in the Libyan air raid as member of the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing; his F-111F was shot down in action over the disputed Gulf of Sidra off the Libyan coast. Ribas-Dominicci and his weapons systems officer, Capt. Paul Lorence, were the only U.S. casualties of Operation El Dorado Canyon[474]
  • Frederick Lois Riefkohl, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; born Luis Federico Riefkohl Jaimieson; one of the first Puerto Ricans to graduate from the United States Naval Academy; in World War I became the first Puerto Rican to be awarded the Navy Cross[475]
  • Rudolph W. Riefkohl, Colonel, U.S. Army; played an instrumental role in helping the people of Poland overcome the 1919 typhus epidemic[476]
  • Demensio Rivera, Private, U.S. Army; received the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014, for his courageous actions while serving as an automatic rifleman with 2d Platoon, Company G, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Changyong-ni, Korea on May 23, 1951[429]
  • Manuel Rivera Jr., Captain, U.S. Marine Corps; of Puerto Rican descent; first U.S. serviceman to die in Operation Desert Shield[477]
  • Pedro N. Rivera, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; in 1994, became the first Hispanic to be named medical commander in the Air Force; responsible for the provision of health care to more than 50,000 patients[478]
  • Horacio Rivero, Admiral, U.S. Navy; in 1964, became the first Puerto Rican and second Hispanic Admiral (four-star) in the U.S. Navy; participated in World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam War; commander in 1962 of the American fleet sent by President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis to set up a quarantine (blockade) of the Soviet ships in an effort to stop the Cold War from escalating into World War III[479][480]
  • Pedro Rodríguez, Master Sergeant, U.S. Army; member of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry; earned two Silver Stars within a seven-day period during the Korean War[481]
  • Antonio Rodríguez Balinas, Brigadier General, U.S. Army; first commander of the Office of the First U.S. Army Deputy Command; during the Korean War he fought with Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry Regiment and was awarded the Silver Star[482]
  • Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas, Major, U.S. Army; odontologist (dentist), scientist and a Major in the U.S. Army who in 1921 discovered the bacteria which causes dental caries[483][484]
  • Eurípides Rubio, Captain, U.S. Army; posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Tây Ninh Province in the Republic of Vietnam on November 8, 1966[485]
  • Héctor Santiago-Colón, Specialist Four, U.S. Army; posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam as member of Company B of the 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division[486]
  • Antulio Segarra, Colonel, U.S. Army; in 1943, became the first Puerto Rican Regular Army officer to command a Regular Army Regiment when he assumed the command of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry Regiment, which was conducting security missions in the jungles of Panama[487]
  • Carmen Vazquez Rivera, First Lieutenant, U.S. Air Force. Vazquez was an early Puerto Rican female officer of the United States Army and Air Force who served in both World War II and the Korean War.[488] Wife of Leopoldo Figueroa. Awarded the American Theater Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal, Overseas Service Bars (3), and National Defense Service Medal. Following her 100th birthday, Vazquez was awarded the League of United Latin American Citizens Presidential Medal of Freedom and honored by the United States Congress.[488][489]
  • Miguel A. Vera, Private, U.S. Army; was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his courageous actions while serving as an automatic rifleman with Company F, 38th Infantry Regiment, 2d Infantry Division in Chorwon, Korea, on September 21, 1952[429]
  • Humbert Roque Versace, Captain, U.S. Army; of Italian and Puerto Rican descent; posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions while a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War; first member of the U.S. Army to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions performed in Southeast Asia while in captivity[490]
  • Raúl G. Villaronga, Colonel, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican to be elected as mayor of a Texas city (Killeen)[491]

21st century

  • Marta Carcana, Major General, U.S. Army; in 2015, became the first woman to be named Adjutant General of the Puerto Rican National Guard[492]
  • Iván Castro, Captain, U.S. Army; of Puerto Rican descent; one of three blind active-duty officers who serves in the US Army; the only blind officer serving in the United States Army Special Forces[493]
  • Hilda I. Ortiz Clayton, Specialist, U.S. Army, was a combat photographer killed in 2013 when a mortar exploded during an Afghan training exercise; she was able to photograph the explosion that killed her and four Afghan soldiers. The 55th Signal Company named their annual competitive award for combat camera work "The Spc. Hilda I. Clayton Best Combat Camera (COMCAM) Competition" in her honor.[494][495]
  • Ramón Colón-López, Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, U.S. Air Force; a pararescueman; on June 13, 2007, was the first and only Hispanic among the first six airmen to be awarded the Air Force Combat Action Medal; Commandant of the Pararescue and Combat Rescue Officer School[496]
  • Olga E. Custodio, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force; first female Hispanic U.S. military pilot; first Latina to complete U.S. Air Force military pilot training; after retiring, became the first Latina commercial airline captain[497]
  • Emilio Díaz Colón, Major General, U.S. Army; PRNG; first Superintendent of the Puerto Rican Police; served as the Adjutant General of the Puerto Rican National Guard[498][499]
  • Rafael O'Ferrall, Brigadier General, U.S. Army; first Hispanic and person of Puerto Rican descent to become the Deputy Commanding General for the Joint Task Force at Guantanamo, Cuba while simultaneously serving as Assistant Adjutant General (Army) and Deputy Commanding General of the Joint Force Headquarters at San Juan, Puerto Rico[500]
  • María Inés Ortiz, Captain, U.S. Army; of Puerto Rican descent; first United States Army nurse to die in combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom and the first to die in combat since the Vietnam War
  • Hector E. Pagan, Brigadier General, U.S. Army; first Hispanic of Puerto Rican descent to become Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School at Fort Bragg, North Carolina[501]
  • Maritza Sáenz Ryan, Colonel, U.S. Army; of Puerto Ricana and Spanish descent; head of the Department of Law at the United States Military Academy; first woman and first Hispanic (Puerto Rican and Spanish heritage) West Point graduate to serve as an academic department head; the most senior ranking Hispanic Judge Advocate[502][503]
  • Marc H. Sasseville, Major General, U.S. Air Force; Puerto Rican mother; on September 11, 2001,[504] was acting operations group commander under the 113th Wing of the DC Air National Guard; one of four fighter pilots commissioned with finding and destroying United Flight 93 by any means necessary, including ramming the aircraft in midair[505]
  • Noel Zamot, Colonel, U.S. Air Force, a native of Rio Piedras, was the first Hispanic commandant of the Air Force's elite Test Pilot School. He is also a former combat and test aviator with over 1900 hours in B-52, B-1B, B-2A, F-16D and over 20 other aircraft.[506][507]
  • Irene M. Zoppi, Brigadier General, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican woman to reach the rank of Brigadier General in the United States Army; Deputy Commanding General – Support under the 200th Military Police Command at Fort Meade, Maryland; Bronze Star Medal recipient[508][509]

Physicians, scientists and inventors

[edit]
Agustin Stahl
Fermín Tangüis
Joseph Acaba
Antonia Novello – Surgeon General of the United States
Joxel García – Assistant Secretary of Health for President George W. Bush
Olga D. González-Sanabria – member of the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame

Politicians

[edit]
José de Diego – the "father of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement"
Federico Degetau – writer, author, and resident commissioner
Pedro Albizu Campos – President and principal leader of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Nydia Velázquez – Congresswoman from New York City
Luis Gutiérrez – Congressman from Chicago
Kenneth McClintock – Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
José Coll y Cuchí – founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, representing parts of The Bronx and Queens, is the youngest woman ever to be elected to Congress in November 2018.

19th century

20th century

21st century

Sports

[edit]
Santos "Sandy" Alomar – Cleveland Indians baseball player
Orlando Cepeda – MLB first baseman, second Puerto Rican in Baseball Hall of Fame
J. J. Barea – professional basketball player with the Dallas Mavericks
Carlos Delgado – MLB player, New York Mets
Reggie Jackson – Major League Baseball right fielder
Maritza Correia
Edgar Martínez – MLB player with the Seattle Mariners
Jorge Posada – New York Yankees catcher
Iván Rodríguez – MLB catcher for the Washington Nationals
Alfredo L. Escalera – Kansas City Royals outfielder; youngest player ever drafted
Monica Puig – Olympic gold medalist
Juan Evangelista Venegas – Olympic medalist

A

B

C

D

E

F

  • Gigi Fernández, tennis player, in 1992 became the first female athlete from her native Puerto Rico win an Olympic gold medal; first female athlete from Puerto Rico to turn professional;[638] first Puerto Rican woman inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame[639]
  • Lisa Fernandez, softball player, Olympic gold medalist (Puerto Rican mother)
  • Orlando Fernández, a.k.a. "the Puerto Rican Aquaman"; swimmer; first Puerto Rican to swim across the Strait of Gibraltar[640]
  • Ed Figueroa, baseball pitcher, first Puerto Rican to win 20 games in Major League
  • Enrique Figueroa, sailing

G

H

J

  • Reggie Jackson, baseball player, member of Baseball Hall of Fame (Puerto Rican father)

K

L

M

N

O

  • Luis Olmo, first Puerto Rican to hit a home run in the World Series
  • Fres Oquendo, professional boxer
  • John Orozco, Olympic gymnast
  • Carlos Ortiz, boxer, former, junior welterweight and lightweight champion; member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame
  • José Ortiz, former basketball player, PDP candidate for elective office in 2008
  • Luis Ortiz, boxer, first Puerto Rican to win a silver Olympic medal

P

Q

  • Carlos Quintana, professional boxer, former World Boxing Organization's welterweight champion

R

S

T

V

W

Taínos

[edit]
Agüeybaná II (The Brave)

Visual artists

[edit]
José Campeche
Francisco Oller

Miscellaneous

[edit]
Félix Rigau Carrera
[edit]

See also

[edit]
Part of a series on
Puerto Rican people
By broad subjects
By sports
Military
Politicians

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Solicitud de Certificado de Ciudadanía de Puerto Rico" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "Departamento de Estado expedira certificados de ciudadania puertorriqueña | terra". www.terra.com.pr. Archived from the original on June 25, 2007.
  3. ^ "Miguel Arteta – Wesleyan University". Wesleyan.edu. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  4. ^ Awilda Carbia obituary Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, elnuevodia.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  5. ^ "Raulito Carbonell y los más buscados". Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  6. ^ 26th Annual Young Artist Awards – Nominations/Special Awards: Raquel Castro Archived March 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, youngartistawards.org; accessed April 4, 2016.
  7. ^ "Latin American Herald Tribune – Puerto Rican TV Pioneer Paquito Cordero Dies". Laht.com. January 11, 1965. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  8. ^ O'Hare, Kate (February 24, 2001). "Donal Logue Is Grounded For Life". Lawrence Journal-World. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  9. ^ "Luis Antonio Cosme – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular".
  10. ^ Wang, Frances Kai-Hwa (October 7, 2015). "The Next Disney Princess is Native Hawaiian AuliCravalho". NBC News. New York: NBCUniversal. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  11. ^ "Sesame Street Announces New Latino Character 'Mando' played By Ismael Cruz Córdova", HuffingtonPost.com, May 10, 2013; accessed April 4, 2016.
  12. ^ "County Fare: On International Women's Day, a look at Berkshire-based women making their mark". The Berkshire Eagle. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  13. ^ A Surprise at the Door, Joey Dedio Stars as 'Tio Papi', nytimes.com, September 6, 2013; accessed April 4, 2016.
  14. ^ New York's International Puerto Rican Heritage Film Festival set to kick off Nov. 13, nydailynews.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  15. ^ "Melodie Diaz", Paper, September 11, 2009.
  16. ^ "Luz Odilia Font – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular".
  17. ^ "Hot New Actress Has Fun With Dick and Jane". G-pop.net. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  18. ^ "Five Things You Didn't Know about Jon Huertas". Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  19. ^ Nathan Grayson (April 20, 2022). "How a pink-haired anime girl became one of Twitch's biggest stars". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.
  20. ^ Tim Farrell (February 29, 2008). "From Priscilla Lopez, the lowdown on 'In the Heights'". NJ.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  21. ^ "Desgarradora súplica de la escritora, cuentista y titiritera Tere Marichal". April 30, 2020. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  22. ^ "Tony Martínez, 'Pepino' on 'Real McCoys', Dies at 82". latinamericanstudies.org. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  23. ^ "Von Marie y sus hijos al mando del restaurante más viejo del mundo". September 4, 2007.
  24. ^ La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. "Entre boleros, travestismos y migraciones translocales: Manuel Ramos Otero, Jorge Merced y El bolero fue mi ruina del Teatro Pregones del Bronx." Revista Iberoamericana 71.212 (July–September 2005): pp. 887–907.
  25. ^ Bronfman, Alejandra and Andrew Grant Wood, ed. (2012). "Elsa Miranda, Viva America, Juan Arvizu, CBS Pan American Orchestra". Media Sound And Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1.
  26. ^ "Lin-Manuel Miranda Visits Puerto Rico, Compares Himself To A 'Weird Pokémon'". Billboard.
  27. ^ Rodríguez-Matos, Carlos. "Frances Negrón-Muntaner" In David William Foster, ed., Latin American Writers on Gay and Lesbian Themes (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994): pp. 288–90; ISBN 0-313-28479-2
  28. ^ "Tributo a nuestro mimo, Luis Oliva". September 15, 2011.
  29. ^ Arreola, Cristina. "Entertainment News". Latina. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  30. ^ "Lana Parrilla as The Evil Queen – Once Upon A Time". Abc.go.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  31. ^ Howden, Martin (2011). He's Still Here: The Biography of Joaquin Phoenix. John Blake. ISBN 978-1843584308. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  32. ^ "America Reads Spanish". americareadsspanish.org.
  33. ^ Is 'Glee' Star Naya Rivera Singing Love Songs to Costar Mark Salling? Archived March 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine from Latina, March 19, 2010.
  34. ^ Balfour, Brad (2008). "Zoe Saldaña finds creative shelter in making Haven". PopEntertainment. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  35. ^ "Internacionales | el Nuevo Día". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
  36. ^ "Puerto Rican cinema in New York by Lillian Jiménez". www.ejumpcut.org.
  37. ^ Smith, Patricia Juliana (2002). "Troche, Rose". GLBTQ.com. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
  38. ^ La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. Queer Ricans: Cultures and Sexualities in the Diaspora. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. ISBN 0816640920
  39. ^ "'How to Get Away With Murder' Star Amirah Vann Feels Blessed to Work on a Series That Honors Her Afro-Latinidad". Latina. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  40. ^ "Historia del Cine en Puerto Rico". Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2007.
  41. ^ Holly Woodlawn, Transgender Star of 1970s Underground Films, Dies at 69
  42. ^ "The Truth About 'Rape Culture' - YouTube". YouTube. April 6, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  43. ^ Barnard, Christopher (June 14, 2010). "Her Name is Rio". Papermag. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  44. ^ "Gina Lynn Take a Bite Out of the Big Apple" (Press release). AdultFYI. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011.
  45. ^ "Monti Carlo". Food Network.
  46. ^ Rivera Marrero, Mildred (December 10, 2017). "Distinguen el Paseo Puerta de Tierra". El Nuevo Día. El Nuevo Dia. Retrieved February 14, 2018. Arquitecto Segundo Cardona destaca la importancia de la obra y la necesidad de que gobierno y ciudadanos la cuiden
  47. ^ O'Connell, Sandra. "Winners of the 2017 Edition of the "UIA Friendly and Inclusive Spaces Awards"". UIA Architectes. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  48. ^ "Comunidad Histórica de Miramar". Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  49. ^ "Toro Ferrer y Torregrosa 1945–1955". Periferia. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  50. ^ Vivoni, Enrique. Klumb: Una arquitectura de impronta social/An Architecture of Social Concern, Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2007. ISBN 0847727548
  51. ^ "AIA Elevates 66 to Fellow; 5 to Honorary Fellow". AIArchitect. American Institute of Architects. February 28, 2005. Retrieved on October 8, 2007.
  52. ^ a b "Universidad de Puerto Rico-Recinto de Río Piedras". Archived from the original on April 14, 2012.
  53. ^ Marvel, Thomas S. (1994). Antonin Nechodoma: Architect, 1877–1928: The Prairie School in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813012698
  54. ^ Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying Official, and Felix J. del Campo, State Historian and Jorge Ortiz, Architect. Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) April 27, 1987. In National Register of Historic Places Registration Form – Banco Credito y Ahorro Ponceño. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Section 8, p. 3. Listing Reference Number 87001002. June 25, 1987.
  55. ^ Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying Official; Felix Juan del Campo, State Historian; and Hector F. Santiago, State Architectural Historian, Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) August 1987. In National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) p. 3. Listing Reference Number 87001826: Residencia Subira/Residencia Frau. October 29, 1987.
  56. ^ Armando Morales Pares, State Architect, S.H.P.O., Abelardo Gonzalez Aviles, Architect, Centro de Investigaciones Folkloricas de Puerto Rico (Ponce, Puerto Rico), State Historic Preservation Officer, Certifying Officer. May 18, 1984. In National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form – Villaronga Residence. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) p. 3. Listing Reference Number 84003151. August 24, 1984.
  57. ^ "Jack Agüeros". Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  58. ^ "Hedgebrook". Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
  59. ^ "Miguel Algarín". Miguelalgarin. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  60. ^ "Puerto Rico's Culture: Famous Puerto Ricans: A-C". Topuertorico.org. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  61. ^ Rodés, Andrea. "Marta Aponte: The Puerto Rican Writer who Narrates the Caribbean beyond Stereotypes." Al Día, July 07, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  62. ^ "Con su pluma y desde su gestión como titular del Programa de Fomento Teatral del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, Francisco Arriví impulsó el teatro del patio". Biblioteca.uprh.edu. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  63. ^ "Welcome ranearroyo.com". Ranearroyo.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  64. ^ "Pura Belpré: The Children's Ambassador". In Vicki Ruiz and Virginia Sánchez Korrol, Latina Legacies: Identity, Biography, and Community New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 148-157
  65. ^ First page of the newspaper "Primera Hora" of Puerto Rico and subsequent pages 2 through 4. Edition of January 20, 2012. "Newspaper "Primera Hora"
  66. ^ "Language and Literature: Benítez, María Bibiana". Enciclopediapr.org. September 15, 2014. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  67. ^ "Bb". Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
  68. ^ "Biografías – Tomás Blanco Géigel". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  69. ^ Miguel López Ortiz (July 6, 2015). Biografías: Juan Boria. National Foundation for Popular Culture. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012.
  70. ^ "Bozello y Guzmán, Carmen (1856-1885). » MCNBiografias.com". www.mcnbiografias.com. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  71. ^ D'Amore, Anna Maria (2009). Translating Contemporary Mexican Texts: Fidelity to Alterity. New York: Berkeley Insights in Linguistics and Semiotics. p. 104. In the stakes of literary acclaim and respectability is Giannina Braschi, considered by many to be Puerto Rico's premier poet.
  72. ^ "PEN: Free Expression/Literature". PEN American Center. November 2012. Giannina Braschi, one of the most revolutionary voices in Latin America today, wrote the postmodern poetry classic Empire of Dreams
  73. ^ "Giannina Braschi". National Book Festival. Library of Congress. 2012. Braschi, one of the most revolutionary voices in Latin America today is the author of Empire of Dreams.
  74. ^ "Giannina Braschi: Book Fest 12". National Book Festival Transcript and Webcast. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. September 2012. Giannina Braschi, a poet, essayist and novelist often described as cutting-edge, influential and even revolutionary
  75. ^ "Lengua y Literatura: Cadilla de Martínez, María". Enciclopediapr.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  76. ^ "Zenobia Camprubí Aymar". Ccgediciones.com (in Spanish). Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  77. ^ "Biografías - Nemesio R. Canales". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  78. ^ "Bios". Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  79. ^ "Manuel Corchado". Isabelapr.org. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  80. ^ "Puerto Rican Cultural Center". Prcc-chgo.org. March 27, 2007. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  81. ^ Crohn Schmitt, Natalie (1990). "Complicates". Northwestern University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-8101-0836-4.
  82. ^ "José Campeche". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  83. ^ "J'S Theater: Poem: Julia de Burgos's "To Julia de Burgos"". Jstheater.blogspot.com. April 8, 2005. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  84. ^ "Just another Hostos Social Network DEV site". Hostos.cuny.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  85. ^ "Just another Hostos Social Network DEV Sites site" (PDF). Hostos.cuny.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  86. ^ El Diario/La Prensa – Caridad de la Luz Archived January 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  87. ^ "Visible: Women Writers of Color: Jaquira Díaz". TheRumpus.com. August 17, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
  88. ^ Honan, William H. (July 26, 1999). "Abelardo Diaz Alfaro, 81 – Author of Puerto Rican Stories". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  89. ^ Ramos Foster, Virginia. "Díaz Valcárcel, Emilio." A Dictionary of Contemporary Latin American Authors, ed. David William Foster. Tempe: Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University, 1975. Page 35. ISBN 0879180226
  90. ^ Estill, Adriana. "Sandra María Esteves", Latino and Latina Writers (vol. 2), ed. Alan West Duran, pp. 873–83. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004; ISBN 0-684-31295-6
  91. ^ "A Bulldog on the Heels of Lost Nazi Loot", The New York Times; November 4, 1997.
  92. ^ "Rosario Ferré". Ensayistas.org (in Spanish). Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  93. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  94. ^ "Carlos Fonseca." Latin American Literature Today. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  95. ^ "Municipalities: Ponce". Enciclopediapr.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  96. ^ Esther Rivera Torres. "Isabel Freire de Matos profile". Angelfire.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  97. ^ "Magali García Ramis." Archived February 9, 2013, at archive.today WikiLearning, originally from Biografías y vidas, November 30, 1999; retrieved January 15, 2010. (in Spanish)
  98. ^ "Biografías – Miguel A. Hernández Agosto". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  99. ^ "González, José Luis." Ronald Fernández, Serafín Méndez Méndez, and Gail Cueto. Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1998. pp. 154–55.
  100. ^ "Llewellyn Worldwide by Migene González-Wippler". Llewellyn.com. Archived from the original on August 24, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  101. ^ Aparicio, Frances R. "Victor Hernández Cruz" profile, Heath Anthology of American Literature, Fifth Edition. Paul Lauter, General Editor. Cengage Online Study Center; accessed January 10, 2010.
  102. ^ a b c Nicolas Kanellos, "Hispanic Firsts", Visible Ink Press; ISBN 0-7876-0519-0; p. 40
  103. ^ Morales-Díaz, Enrique. "Identity of the 'Diasporican' Homosexual in the Literary Periphery." In José L. Torres-Padilla and Carmen Haydée Rivera, eds. Writing Off the Hyphen: New Perspectives on the Literature of the Puerto Rican Diaspora. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008. pp. 295–312; ISBN 978-0-295-98824-5
  104. ^ "Enrique Laguerre profile – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular". Prpop.org. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  105. ^ University of Oxford. "Puerto Rican Novelist to Join TORCH as Global South Visiting Fellow." Oxford News Blog, May 2, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  106. ^ Luis 1992, p. 1022
  107. ^ "Georgina Lázaro León". Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  108. ^ "Muna Lee: A Pan-American Life". Uhmc.sunysb.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  109. ^ McCormack, Tina, Celeste Silva, Maren Whitman, and Matt Whitmer. "Aurora Levins Morales", Voices from the Gaps, University of Minnesota, 2005. http://voices.cla.umn.edu/
  110. ^ The History of Tobacco Cultivation in Puerto Rico, 1899–1940. ISBN 978-0549267843. Retrieved April 5, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  111. ^ Levy, Teresita (April 28, 2005). "Tostones and Matzoh, A Puerto Rican-Jewish Journey". InterfaithFamily. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  112. ^ "Biografías - Enrique Laguerre". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  113. ^ Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. "Llorens Llorens, Washington"[permanent dead link], Puerto Rico Encyclopedia; retrieved September 9, 2010.
  114. ^ "Ponce – Ciudad Señorial – Personajes Ilustres". Visitponce.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  115. ^ "Datos personales y biográficos – Luis López Nieves profile". Ciudad Seva. April 8, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  116. ^ "Language and Literature: Brief History of Puerto Rican Literature". Enciclopediapr.org. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  117. ^ "Rene Marques' La muerte no entrara en Palacio: Analysis" (PDF). Journals.ku.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  118. ^ Rodríguez-Matos, Carlos Antonio. "Matos-Cintrón, Nemir." In Latin American Writers on Gay and Lesbian Themes, ed. David William Foster, pp. 216–17. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994.[ISBN missing]
  119. ^ Daniel B. Zwickel. "Francisco Matos Paoli profile". Peacehost.net. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  120. ^ "Biblioteca Nacional - Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña". Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  121. ^ "Sala Museo Maunel Mendez Ballester". Archived from the original on April 9, 2004. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
  122. ^ "phati'tude Literary Magazine Announces Guest Editor". Sbwire.com. November 28, 2011. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  123. ^ "Aris Kelvyn • Hijos de Inmigrantes en República Dominicana". Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  124. ^ Nicholasa Mohr Biography. November 2, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  125. ^ "Heath Anthology of American LiteratureNicholasa Mohr - Author Page". Archived from the original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  126. ^ Anderson, Kelly. Rosario Morales (Interview). Voices of Feminism Oral History Project. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts; accessed December 15, 2014.
  127. ^ "Adding an Accent to the Noir: Jessica Galán Interviews Richie Narvaez". Latino Stories. June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  128. ^ Ronald Fernandez; Serafín Mendez Mendez; Gail Cueto (1998). Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0313298226. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  129. ^ "Georgia Writers Hall of Fame". Libs.uga.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  130. ^ "Princeton Library". Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
  131. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  132. ^ "Luis Palés Matos: Poeta". Estudiantes Al Dia (in Spanish). Zonai.com. March 2001. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
  133. ^ "About Benito Pastoriza Iyodo". Exchanges: Journal of Literary Translation. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  134. ^ "Biografías - Antonio S. Pedreira". Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  135. ^ Pietri, Pedro (March 3, 2004). "Pedro Pietri obituary at". Monthlyreview.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  136. ^ Bennets, Leslie (June 18, 1988). "Miguel Pinero, Whose Plays Dealt With Life in Prison, Is Dead at 41". The New York Times. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
  137. ^ Quiroga, José. "Ramos Otero, Manuel." Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900–2003, ed. Daniel Balderston and Mike Gonzalez, pp. 471–72. New York: Routledge, 2004; ISBN 0-415-30687-6.
  138. ^ "Rare Books & Special Collections, Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame". Library.nd.edu. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  139. ^ Jose Rivera awards and nominations, IMDb.com; retrieved August 1, 2009.
  140. ^ "Justipreciación de La Obrade Francisco ROjas Tollinchi"; by Ada Hilda Martínez de Alicea; Dept. Estudios Hispánicos Pontificia Universidad Católica de PR.
  141. ^ "Luis Rafael Sánchez – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular". Prpop.org. June 27, 2014. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  142. ^ "Biographies of Wilfredo G. Santa Writers". www.biography-center.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  143. ^ "Masterpiece Theatre – American Collection – Almost a Woman – Essays + Interviews". Pbs.org. March 14, 2016. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  144. ^ "Mayra Santos-Febres – John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation". Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  145. ^ "Nation: Death at Cerro Maravilla". Time. May 14, 1979. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  146. ^ "Guide to the Clemente Soto Vélez and Amanda Vélez Papers 1924–1996 (Bulk 1960s–1994) 1999-03 Processed by Ismael García with the assistance of Izzy De Moya, Damary González, Thencasti Paulino, Mario H. Ramírez, March 2003". Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
  147. ^ "Biografías – Emilio S. Belaval Maldonado". Archived from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
  148. ^ "Piri Thomas' Life and Flows". Cheverote.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  149. ^ Torres, Lourdes. "Queering Puerto Rican Women’s Narratives: Gaps and Silences in the Memoirs of Antonia Pantoja and Luisita López Torregrosa." Meridians 19, issue S1 (December 2020): 279–307.
  150. ^ Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Café Holt; ISBN 0-8050-3257-6.
  151. ^ "Puerto Rico Profile: Judge Edwin Torres". Puerto Rico Herald. December 1, 2000. Archived from the original on January 6, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  152. ^ "J. L. Torres." Poetry Foundation, retrieved May 10, 2021.
  153. ^ "J.L. Torres." Poets & Writers, retrieved May 10, 2021.
  154. ^ Salvatore, Joseph (September 23, 2011). "We the Animals – By Justin Torres – Book Review". The New York Times.
  155. ^ Rivera, Carmen Haydée. "'Language is our only homeland': An Interview with Luz María Umpierre" Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies 20.1 (Spring 2008): pp. 13–21.
  156. ^ Chew, Selfa. "Un punto de vista diferente: entrevista de Lourdes Vázquez".[1] Bilingual Review 28(3) (September–December 2004–2007):265-268.
  157. ^ Weber, Bruce (September 9, 2008). Edgardo Vega Yunqué, Novelist of the Puerto Rican Experience in New York, Dies at 72, The New York Times; accessed September 13, 2016.
  158. ^ "Memoir of a former abortion addict" from the Los Angeles Times, October 13, 2009.
  159. ^ Colgan, Richard (2009) Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine. Springer Press. p. 120[ISBN missing]
  160. ^ "La Charca, de Manuel Zeno Gandía: Pathfinder". Ponce.inter.edu. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  161. ^ is Madison Anderson?[permanent dead link]
  162. ^ "Youth wins as Nebraskan takes Miss America crown – Yahoo! News". news.yahoo.com. At the Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  163. ^ "Meet Victoria's Secret First Model with Down Syndrome".
  164. ^ "Puerto Rico's Stephanie Del Valle crowned Miss World 2016". GMA Network. December 18, 2016.
  165. ^ "Valeria Vazquez Latorre – The New Miss Supranational 2018". Miss Supranational. December 8, 2018.
  166. ^ Gara, Antoine (October 2, 2019). "Meet Wall Street's Best Dealmaker: New Billionaire Orlando Bravo". Forbes.
  167. ^ "Press Release Archives #019-97 Largest Hispanic Bank Remains in NYC". Nyc.gov. January 10, 1997. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  168. ^ "COLSA Corporation". Colsa.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  169. ^ "Deirdre P. Connelly" (PDF). LatinoJustice. LatinoJustice PRLDEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  170. ^ Famous Fashion Designers: Óscar de la Renta
  171. ^ "manati.info". Manati.info. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  172. ^ "Profile: Jaime Fonalledas". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  173. ^ "Eduardo Giorgetti Y Su Mundo: La Aparente Paradoja De Un Millonario Genio Empresarial Y Su Noble Humanismo"; by Delma S. Arrigoitia; Publisher: Ediciones Puerto; ISBN 0-942347-52-8, 978-0-942347-52-4
  174. ^ Martínez 2016.
  175. ^ U. S. Census 1910, pp. 10A–10B.
  176. ^ "United States Department of the Interior National Park Service" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  177. ^ Ralph Mercado, Impresario, Dies at 67, The New York Times March 11, 2009.
  178. ^ "Jury Convicts Milken Protégé Terren Peizer of Insider Trading"
  179. ^ "Media and Communication: Three Centuries of Communications: Media, Technology, and Narratives in Puerto Rico". Enciclopediapr.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  180. ^ Kantrow-Vázquez, Michelle (September 13, 2011). "Plaza Las Américas submits highest bid for Borders lease". newsismybusiness.com. News Is My Business. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
  181. ^ Schneider, Patricia. "Welcome New Members". sanjuanrotary.org. San Juan Rotary Club. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
  182. ^ "THR's Latino Power 50". Latin Gossip. July 31, 2007. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  183. ^ "Historia Beisbol de Puerto Rico | Béisbol, Puerto, Equipo, Campeonato, Jugadores". Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2009./
  184. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  185. ^ "Vassallo Expands Products, Wins Substantial Contracts". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on January 12, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2006.
  186. ^ "Welcome to the Seattle Chapter Web Page". Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  187. ^ El Nuevo Dia, October 2000
  188. ^ "El Diario / La Prensa OnLine". Archived from the original on January 3, 2006. Retrieved December 27, 2005.
  189. ^ "Top Two Three Films: Adventures into Digital Comics | Interviews: David Alvarez". Archived from the original on June 4, 2006. Retrieved May 18, 2006.
  190. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  191. ^ Antonio Sotomayor (2016). The Sovereign Colony: Olympic Sport, National Identity, and International Politics in Puerto Rico. U of Nebraska Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8032-8538-5.
  192. ^ Jack Delano (1996). Así Es la Vida. La Editorial, UPR. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8477-0247-3.
  193. ^ Cabrera Collazo, R. (January 2008). "Medios y resistencia en la era muñocista: el periódico El Mundo y la caricatura de Filardi ante el proyecto histórico del Partido Popular Democrático". En Luis Muñoz Marín: Imágenes de la Memoria, Fernando Picó, Editor, San Juan, Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín, 2008, pp. 258–299. academia.edu. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
  194. ^ "Rags Morales – 'Ralph Morales'". Comic Book DB. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  195. ^ "Contributors: George Pérez", The New Teen Titans Archives, Volume 1 (DC Comics, 1999).
  196. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  197. ^ "Kenneth Rocafort (Person)". Comic Vine. January 29, 1977. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  198. ^ "Haciendo Punto en Otro Son". Haciendopunto.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  199. ^ Mercedes – La primera Independentista Puertorriquena Archived April 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 80grados.net; accessed April 4, 2016.
  200. ^ a b Lassalle, Beatriz (September 1949). "Biografía de Rosario Bellber González Por la Profesora Beatriz Lassalle". Revista, Volume 8, Issue 5 (in Spanish). La Asociación de Maestros de Puerto Rico. pp. 149, 158.
  201. ^ a b Asenjo, Conrado, ed. (1942). "Quién es Quién en Puerto Rico". Diccionario Biográfico De Record Personal (in Spanish) (Third edition 1941-42 ed.). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Cantero Fernández & Co. p. 33.
  202. ^ a b "Rosario Bellber González: maestra, sufragista y espiritista kardeciana Sandra A. Enríquez Seiders" (in Spanish). Revista Cruce. March 15, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  203. ^ a b Krüger Torres, Lola (1975). Enciclopedia Grandes Mujeres de Puerto Rico, Vol. IV (in Spanish). Hato Rey, Puerto Rico: Ramallo Bros. Printing, Inc. pp. 273–274.
  204. ^ Schultz, Jeffrey D (2000). Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: Hispanic Americans and Native Americans. Greenwood Publishing. p. 429. ISBN 1573561495.
  205. ^ Nevett, Joshua (June 10, 2020). "George Floyd: The personal cost of filming police brutality". BBC. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  206. ^ Socialism and Liberation: Planted Flag Archived November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  207. ^ "Metro San Juan: Planted Flag". Archived from the original on September 2, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  208. ^ "Trinidad and Tobago Guardian News: Planted Flag". Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  209. ^ "US National Park Service: Planted Flag".
  210. ^ "Project Muse: Today's Research, Tomorrow's Inspiration: Planted Flag".
  211. ^ Letter to From Vieques Mayor to Pres. Bill Clinton: Planted Flag Archived July 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  212. ^ Rivera, Juan Antonio Ocasio (April 17, 2007). "Visions Of Struggle From Exile: The Puerto Rican Diaspora & the Struggle For Independence".
  213. ^ "Sam Erman | Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905 | Journal of American Ethnic History, 27.4 | the History Cooperative". Archived from the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
  214. ^ Ruiz, Vicki; Sanchez Korrol, Virginia (2006). Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press. pp. 401–02. ISBN 978-0253111692.
  215. ^ John M. Broder (November 8, 1999). "12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
  216. ^ Fernando Pico. "1898 – La Guerra Despues de la Guerra". Ediciones Huracan; ISBN 0-940238-25-X
  217. ^ "Mother to Appeal 'Glass Cage' Ruling". The New York Times. Associated Press. August 23, 1988.
  218. ^ Geisler, Lindsey (September 11, 2006). "Mendez case paved way for Brown v. Board". Topeka Capital-Journal. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
  219. ^ a b "Sauceda, Isis (March 28, 2007). "Cambio Historico (Historic Change)". People en Español (in Spanish): 111–12.
  220. ^ "Ana María O'neill". Archived from the original on July 18, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2006.
  221. ^ "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News". Archives.starbulletin.com. December 23, 1999. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  222. ^ Lilliam Torres-Braschi. Olivia: Vida de Olivia Paoli Viuda de Braschi, 1855–1942. 1979. p. 160. ISBN 978-844-990-312-0 (in Spanish)
  223. ^ Asociación de Periodistas de Puerto Rico. Dos siglos de periodismo puertorriqueño: II. Volume 2. Casa de Periodistas Editorial. 2006. p. 154. ISBN 978-097-431-021-3 (in Spanish)
  224. ^ Mario R. Cancel, editor. Anti-figuraciones: bocetos puertorriqueños. San Juan: Asociación Puertorriqueña de Historiadores-Postdata. 2003. p. 176. ISBN 978-193-227-122-5 (in Spanish)
  225. ^ Mario R. Cancel, editor. Historia y género: Vídas y relatos de las mujeres en el Caribe. Asociación Puertorriqueña de Historiadores. 1997. p. 126. ISBN 978-096-334-274-4 (in Spanish)
  226. ^ "New York State Department of State". Dos.ny.gov. November 7, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  227. ^ Gan, Jessi. "'Still at the Back of the Bus': Sylvia Rivera's Struggle" Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies 19.1 (Spring 2007): pp. 124–39.
  228. ^ "American Civil Liberties Union : Anthony D. Romero, Executive Director". Archived from the original on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
  229. ^ a b "Changing the Face of Medicine". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  230. ^ Ana Roque Archived September 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  231. ^ Robles, Frances (October 3, 2020). "Soraya Santiago Solla, Transgender Trailblazer, Dies at 72". The New York Times.
  232. ^ Robert Knight, "Arthur Alfonso 'Afroborinqueno' Schomburg" Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, History Notes, Global African Community, accessed February 2, 2009.
  233. ^ "Bio « Pedro Julio Serrano". Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  234. ^ "Slave revolts in Puerto Rico: conspiracies and uprisings, 1795–1873"; by: Guillermo A. Baralt; Publisher Markus Wiener Publishers; ISBN 1-55876-463-1, 978-1-55876-463-7
  235. ^ a b "War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America's Colony"; Author: Nelson Antonio Denis; Publisher: Nation Books (2015); ISBN 978-1568585017.
  236. ^ Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia,By Vicki Ruíz, Virginia Sánchez Korrol, Inc NetLibrary; Published by Indiana University Press, 2006; p. 164; ISBN 0-253-34680-0, 978-0-253-34680-3
  237. ^ "FBI Files"; "Puerto Rico Nationalist Party"; SJ 100-3; Vol. 23; pp. 104–34 Archived November 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, pr-secretfiles.net; accessed April 4, 2016.
  238. ^ "Andres Figueroa Cordero, 54, Was Jailed After House Shootings". The New York Times. March 8, 1979.
  239. ^ a b "Irvin Flores; Puerto Rican Nationalist Leader Attacked Congress". March 21, 1994 – via LA Times.
  240. ^ "¡Atención, firmes, de frente, marchen!"- Tomás López de Victoria – Por José Manuel Dávila Marichal[usurped]
  241. ^ Bosque Pérez, Ramón (2006). Puerto Rico Under Colonial Rule. SUNY Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-7914-6417-5. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
  242. ^ Isabel Rosado Morales
  243. ^ "The Nationalist Insurrection of 1950 (2011)". Writetofight.wordpress.com. October 13, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  244. ^ Daniel B. Zwickel. "Gutiérrez del Arroyo Sisters". Peacehost.net. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  245. ^ "Resisting the Colonial DesignLa Respuesta". November 12, 2013. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  246. ^ "Rasgos de espiritualidad del obispo Juan Alejo de Arizmendi". www.preb.com.
  247. ^ "Puerto Rican Poetry: A Selection from Aboriginal to Contemporary Times"; by Roberto Marquez; pp. 25–26; University of Massachusetts Press (2007); ISBN 1-55849-562-2, 978-1-55849-562-3
  248. ^ "Biography of Saint Rose of Lima". St. Rose of Lima Catholic Parish.
  249. ^ "Puerto Rico en 1646: Diego de Torres Vargas". December 4, 2010.
  250. ^ Holy See Press Office
  251. ^ "Schedule of Commencement Exercises". The New York Times. May 16, 1982. Section 11, p. 20.
  252. ^ Latin American issues Vol. 3 Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  253. ^ "Carlos Manuel Cecilio Rodríguez Santiago (1918–1963)". Blesseds: Table of the Beatifications during the Pontificate of His Holiness John Paul II. The Holy See. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  254. ^ Episcopal Diocese of Olympia website, ecww.org; accessed April 4, 2016.
  255. ^ "Anuel AA Feels Prison Was a Blessing, Wants to Work With Cardi B". XXL Mag. July 24, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  256. ^ Herrera, Isabelia (July 18, 2018). "Anuel AA Opens Up About His Time in Prison in First Interviews After His Release". Remezcla. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  257. ^ "Carlos Alomar bio". Carlosalomar.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  258. ^ "Puerto Rico.com: Zayra-Reaching for the Stars". Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  259. ^ Josh Kun. "She's determined to be heard, man". Los Angeles Times.
  260. ^ Mary Montoro (April 14, 2008). "Revealing Zayra's Poetic Heart". Al Borde.
  261. ^ Rendell, Matt (2011). Salsa for People Who Probably Shouldn't. Random House. ISBN 978-1780571706. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  262. ^ "™ El Nuevo Día". Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2008.
  263. ^ "How Bad Bunny Became the Poster Boy of Trap en Español". July 25, 2017.
  264. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 15, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  265. ^ "Gobernador Muñoz Marín dirigiéndose al público en inauguración caserío Arístides Chavier en Ponce :: Fotos El Mundo 40-68". Bibliotecadigital.uprrp.edu. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  266. ^ "Puerto Rico Grieves Over The Loss Of Its Premier Statesman Four Months Short Of His 100th Birthday". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  267. ^ Max Salazar Mambo kingdom: Latin music in New York 2002 "Santitos Colón – On Saturday, February 21, 1998, the renowned balladeer Santos Colón, known as Santitos, died in Puerto Rico. ... Born Ángel Santos Vega Colón in Mayaguez on November 1, 1922, he began singing with the orchestra of Frank Madera..."
  268. ^ Se despide Rubén Colón Tarrats. Archived March 2, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Reinaldo Millán. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. March 1, 2018.
  269. ^ Peter G. Davis, "Music: Cordero Plays Guitar", The New York Times, January 30, 1978.
  270. ^ S. Moraza. "Tite Curet Alonso profile". Salsaclasica.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  271. ^ "Farruko and Ozuna Added to Final Latin AMAs Performer Lineup". Billboard. Retrieved May 11, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  272. ^ "Celebrarán los 100 años de cuatrista moroveño". May 28, 2018.
  273. ^ "Edgardo DÃaz confirma creación de Parque Menudo". Primerahora.com. February 13, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  274. ^ "The Movementz.com - Interview-Hector Fonseca: Getting in with the Grammy's". Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
  275. ^ "Jenilca" (in Spanish). PrimeraHora.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  276. ^ "MundoVibe | Kenny Dope Gonzalez Interview | Masters at Work". Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
  277. ^ Clement, Olivia (October 25, 2016). "How The Composer of The Woodsman Found His Passion". Playbill.
  278. ^ "Hex Hector (June 2001)". Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  279. ^ "Tori Kelly Discusses the BET Awards, Not Being White + Dreaming of a Grammy on Ebro in the AM (2:48)". YouTube. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  280. ^ "Bruno Mars Sets Record Straight About Puerto Rican Heritage". Vibe. January 31, 2017.
  281. ^ Keeling, Stephen (2008). The Rough Guide to Puerto Rico. Rough Guides. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-85828-354-8.
  282. ^ "Facts About Melanie Martinez Every Superfan Should Know". Pop Buzz. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  283. ^ "Photographic image of birth certificate" (JPG). Carolynemas.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  284. ^ "Julia Michaels: 'Dare to suck'". BBC News. July 29, 2017.
  285. ^ Life Magazine December 1, 1946 p. 122 Life – Radio Jingles – Elsa Miranda photographed in performance in "Chiquita Banana" song
  286. ^ "The Conceiver". In the Heights. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  287. ^ "Ahora es "Mala"". Primera Hora (in Spanish). October 6, 2008. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
  288. ^ "David Morales Biography". oldies.com. August 21, 1961. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  289. ^ "Home - el Nuevo Día". Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  290. ^ "Bio: Carli Muñoz". Carlimunoz.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  291. ^ Romance Tropical
  292. ^ Staff writer(s); no byline (December 28, 2011). "Sand In Your Shoes". Open Library. Retrieved June 8, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  293. ^ Nazario, Rafael Antonio (2001). Sand in Your Shoes. PepperSpray Press Productions. ISBN 9685547009.
  294. ^ "Vino Veracity". Vino Veracity. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  295. ^ Usher, Craig. "Lourdes Pérez Interview", Rootsworld.com; retrieved February 14, 2009.
  296. ^ "Feliz navidad". Orlabs.oclc.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  297. ^ Juan Ríos Ovalle. Archived July 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Music of Puerto Rico. 2015. Accessed March 1, 2018.
  298. ^ "Passion Music mail-order CDS: In conversation with.... Chino Rodriguez - Latin music band leader". Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  299. ^ "Recordando a Pellín Rodríguez a 22 años de su partida". Herencialatina.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  300. ^ "Ivette Roman: Circulo." Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, 3rd Encuentro: Globalization, Migration and Public Sphere, Lima, Peru, July 5–13, 2002, retrieved May 12, 2021.
  301. ^ Evan Bailyn (April 11, 1936). "Jimmy Sabater profile". Music of Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  302. ^ Bobby Sanabria: Afro-Cuban Storyteller
  303. ^ "16a Entrega Anual del Latin Grammy". Latingrammy.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  304. ^ "Home – My Website". www.robertosierra.com.
  305. ^ A Life of Troubles Followed a Singer's Burst of Fame
  306. ^ "Day in Rock for 10/27". Antimusic.com. October 27, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  307. ^ "Eladio Torres profilewebsite=Ladanza.com". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  308. ^ "Nestor Torres – MusicWorld". BMI.com. November 13, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  309. ^ "Myrna Vázquez". Fundacion Nacional Para La Cultura Popular (in Spanish).
  310. ^ Kennedy-Center.org website Archived December 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  311. ^ "Hispanic Magazine". Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  312. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  313. ^ "Graciela Rivera – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular – San Juan, Puerto Rico". Prpop.org. June 26, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  314. ^ "Wanted Dead or Alive, $10,000 reward for the capture of the escaped convict Correa Cotto"; Newspaper "El Imparcial"; May 3, 1952.
  315. ^ "¿Quién era el notorio narcotraficante Papo Cachete?". September 3, 2019.
  316. ^ "Gambling Kingpin is Acquitted"; New York Daily News; July 3, 2001
  317. ^ "Longtime Numbers King of New York Goes Public to Clear His Name"; New York Times; July 6, 1997; by: Selwyn Raab.
  318. ^ "Caribbean Business". Caribbeanbusinesspr.com. December 31, 1969. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  319. ^ "The Caribbean Drug Kingpin Turned Porn Star". Time. August 18, 2010. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010.
  320. ^ "Cleveland Kidnapping Survivors' Near Escapes From Ariel Castro's Terror". ABC News. April 29, 2015.
  321. ^ "Americas – Padilla given long jail sentence". BBC News. January 23, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  322. ^ "Fort Lauderdale Shooter Esteban Santiago Used a Muslim Name?". Snopes.com. January 10, 2017.
  323. ^ "Impactante Testimonio de Ex Narco Alex Trujillo". y kit une.
  324. ^ a b "Pioneras - el Nuevo Día". Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  325. ^ "Edward G. Miller Jr., 56, Dies' Acheson's Latin America Aide", The New York Times, April 16, 1968.
  326. ^ "Encyclopedia of Genealogy – Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Genealogía". Eogen.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  327. ^ "Personajes Ilustres", salonhogar.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  328. ^ a b "About CAU - Carlos Albizu, founder of CAU. Carlos Albizu University - Miami, Florida". Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
  329. ^ "Frank Bonilla became major figure in Puerto Rican studies". US Latinos and Latinas & World War II. University of Texas. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved May 17, 2007.
  330. ^ a b "Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso"; by: Ildelfonso López; Publisher: AEELA, 1998.
  331. ^ "Biografia de Celestina Cordero Molina « ¡Puerto Rico y Yo! - la Coctelera". Archived from the original on October 6, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  332. ^ "Cruzado off to promising start as MSU's next president". The Bozeman Daily Chronicle. November 29, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  333. ^ "José Ferrer Canales y Roberto González Echevarría". Monografias.com. February 18, 1998. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  334. ^ Puerto Rico Section Honors Megh R. Goyal as Father of Irrigation Engineering in Puerto Rico Archived December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, findarticles.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  335. ^ "Office of the President". Qc.cuny.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  336. ^ "For Director-At-Large: Ingrid Montes". c&en: Vol 93, No. 36. September 14, 2015. p. 54. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  337. ^ "Guide to the Records of ASPIRA of New York, Inc" (PDF). Archives of the Puerto Rican Diaspora, Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños, Hunter College, CUNY. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  338. ^ "Angel Ramos: The life and times of a leading deaf Hispanic advocate". DeafLife. V (8). MSM Productions, Ltd. February 1993. Archived from the original on August 17, 2005. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  339. ^ "Office of the President - University at Albany - SUNY". Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  340. ^ Bump, Bethany (June 20, 2017). "Next UAlbany president makes SUNY history". Times Union.
  341. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 17, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  342. ^ "Office of the Chancellor". Uwm.edu. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  343. ^ Wyatt, Edward (April 5, 2001). "Woman in the News – Ideological Wanderer – Ninfa Segarra". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  344. ^ "Victoria Soto, Newtown Teacher, Emerges As Hero After Shooting". Huffingtonpost.com. December 16, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  345. ^ "Webshots – A Young Lamb, North Yorkshire, England". Travel.webshots.com. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  346. ^ "Mariano Villaronga Toro" profile[permanent dead link], enciclopediapr1.org; accessed April 4, 2016. (in Spanish)
  347. ^ Robert Greenberger. Juan Ponce de León: the exploration of Florida and the search for the Fountain of Youth, Rosen Publishing Group, New York. 2003, p. 18 [ISBN missing]
  348. ^ Morison, pp. 502, 515, 529. Traditionally a birthdate of 1460 has been used but more recent evidence points to 1474.
  349. ^ "Juan B. Huyke". Proyectosalonhogar.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  350. ^ "Enfocada Wanda Vázquez en brindar estabilidad al País". El Vocero. August 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  351. ^ Coto, Danica (August 7, 2019). "Puerto Ricans get their 3rd governor in 6 days". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  352. ^ "- Puerto Rico Daily Sun – Timely news about Puerto Rico, the Caribbean and the world". Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  353. ^ Resolución Archived March 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Senate of Puerto Rico. Government of Puerto Rico, November 1, 2011; retrieved January 22, 2012.
  354. ^ Verdadera y Auténtica Historia de la Ciudad de Ponce
  355. ^ Biography Archived May 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  356. ^ Francisco L. Scarano. Andres A. Ramos Mattei profile Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, University of Connecticut. World Sugar History Newsletter. Number 12, June 1988; retrieved November 30, 2011.
  357. ^ Antonio "the Marine" Santiago Recognized as Puerto Rico's Foremost Military Historian, SomosPrimos.com, August 2010; retrieved May 15, 2013.
  358. ^ "Escuela José Andino y Amézquita". Escuelajoseandino.blogspot.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  359. ^ "KENA to Launch in April". Prnewswire.com. April 13, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  360. ^ "Comité Noviembre – 2006 Honoree – Lynda Baquero". Comitenoviembre.org. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  361. ^ "Yahoo! Groups". Groups.yahoo.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  362. ^ "What Marysol Castro Learned From Mom | Video – ABC News". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
  363. ^ "Ensayo de un catálogo de periodistas españoles del siglo XIX". Internet Archive. July 21, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  364. ^ "Malín Falú" (in Spanish). Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular. July 27, 2014.
  365. ^ "Rugged Elegance: San Francisco: Kimberly Guilfoyle Newsom: San Francisco's First Lady Pursues Her Career In New York". Archived from the original on January 31, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  366. ^ Anand, Geeta (2012). "Movies – The New York Times". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  367. ^ El Diario Archived December 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  368. ^ "Alycia Lane Biography". Philly.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  369. ^ "Tube Talk: TV watchdog is barking up the wrong tree". Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine New York Daily News. March 30, 2007.
  370. ^ Romano, Allison (November 19, 2007). "Natalie Morales: Fast Riser". Broadcasting & Cable. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  371. ^ Denisse Oller in Week-Long "Noticias 41" Follow To Emmy, Murrow, Ap – Winning Vieques Coverage As Navy Leaves Island For Good Archived September 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine from Univision, date April 28, 2003.
  372. ^ Ravo, Nick. "Carlos D. Ramirez, 52, Publisher of El Diario", The New York Times, July 13, 1999; retrieved October 9, 2009.
  373. ^ "Jorge Ramos - Noticias - WNJU New York". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  374. ^ "Geraldo Rivera Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  375. ^ Heart Smart for Black Women and Latinas (foreword by Darlene Rodriguez, co-anchor, Today in New York, WNBC-TV Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, heartsmartwomenbook.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  376. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  377. ^ "Coors Brewing Company and Maná to Support Hispanic College Students Through HACU's Clase Scholarship Fund". hispanicprwire.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011.
  378. ^ "Ray_Suarez". www.docstoc.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013.
  379. ^ "manati.info". manati.info. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  380. ^ "Anchored Woman – Advance – Advocate.com". Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  381. ^ Making History: President Obama's Female Judicial Nominees
  382. ^ "La Sentencia de la Ciudadanía Puertorriqueña". December 6, 2003.
  383. ^ "Home – El Nuevo Día". Elnuevodia.com. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  384. ^ "Judges of the United States Courts". Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  385. ^ Lambda Legal Applauds Historic Confirmation of First Openly Lesbian Chief Justice in the Country to Puerto Rico Supreme Court
  386. ^ Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
  387. ^ Chibbaro, Lou (November 27, 2012). "Obama nominates lesbian Latina judge to Pa. court". Washingtonblade.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  388. ^ "Ohio First Appellate District Court Website". Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  389. ^ "Ohio First Elected Latina Judge Installed". January 9, 2017.
  390. ^ "Marilyn Zayas Makes History with Judge Seat Win in Hamilton County". January 18, 2017.
  391. ^ "Assembly Passes Legislation Establishing "Briana's Law"". nyassembly.gov.
  392. ^ Erman, Sam (Summer 2008). "Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905". Journal of American Ethnic History. 27 (4): 5–33. doi:10.2307/27501851. JSTOR 27501851. S2CID 130446696. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008.
  393. ^ Geisler, Lindsey (September 11, 2006). "Mendez case paved way for Brown v. Board". Topeka Capital-Journal. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
  394. ^ "New York, NY – Veteran NYPD Chief Of Patrol To Retire". VosIzNeias. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  395. ^ Susan Kreifels (December 23, 1999). "Puerto Ricans in Hawaii begin centennial celebration". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
  396. ^ "The New York Times > New York Region > Recalling a Slain Officer, and the Equality of Peril". Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  397. ^ "National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States". 9-11commission.gov.
  398. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (January 11, 1998). "Interim U.S. Attorney: 'Street Smart' and Fair". The New York Times. p. B2. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
  399. ^ "Fired cop pens gritty book to set record straight". NY Daily News. July 16, 2008. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  400. ^ Gerber, Maya Lau, Marisa (December 5, 2018). "Alex Villanueva, the county's new top cop, has been quietly fighting for a political win for decades". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 24, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  401. ^ "Historia". December 15, 2005. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005. Retrieved April 5, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  402. ^ Barron, James (November 26, 1992). "Rivera to Quit Top Position In Fire Dept". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  403. ^ La Rebelión del Cacique Agüeybaná II. En Marcha: Organo del Comite Central del Partido Comunista Maxista Leninista de Ecuador. Seccion: Testimonio y Dialéctica. May 8, 2006. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
  404. ^ Historias de Puerto Rico by Paul G. Miller (1947), pp. 221–37.
  405. ^ "Historia de Puerto Rico" de Paul G. Miller, Rand McNally, editor, 1947, p. 237.
  406. ^ "Arecibo, Puerto Rico". Welcome.topuertorico.org. March 31, 1947. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  407. ^ "National Park Service – San Juan National Historic Site". Archived from the original on December 23, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
  408. ^ "Developing Trade – Caribya!". Puertorico-guide.info. February 22, 2015. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  409. ^ "pers1.htm". Home.coqui.net. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  410. ^ "Juan Alonso Zayas: Un héroe puertorriqueño desconocido". Archived from the original on October 20, 2006. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
  411. ^ "Información sobre Puerto Rico y sus luchas". Redbetances.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  412. ^ Eduardo Neumann Gandia, Benefactores y Hombres Notables de Puerto Rico, published 1896, National Library of Spain.
  413. ^ "Ramón Power y Giralt". Proyectosalonhogar.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  414. ^ "Angel RIVERO. Crónica de la Guerra Hispanoamericana en Puerto Rico". Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  415. ^ "Información sobre Puerto Rico y sus luchas". Redbetances.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  416. ^ Carmen Teresa Whalen/Víctor Vázquez-Hernández, "The Puerto Rican diaspora: historical perspectives", p. 176; Temple University Press; ISBN 978-1-59213-413-7, 1-59213-413-0
  417. ^ In Search of a National Identity: Nineteeth and Early-Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico, lcweb2.loc.gov; accessed April 4, 2016.
  418. ^ "Historia militar de Puerto Rico"; by Héctor Andrés Negroni (author); p. 476; Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario (1992; in Spanish); ISBN 84-7844-138-7, 978-84-7844-138-9
  419. ^ "Biografías – Nemesio R. Canales". Archived from the original on August 20, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2006.
  420. ^ Ricardo Aponte afrc.af.mil [dead link]
  421. ^ Pando Despierto, Juan (1999). Historia secreta de Annual. Madrid: Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Colección: Historia, 424 p. ISBN 978-84-7880-971-4. (Spanish)
  422. ^ "Hispanic Americans and the U.S. Coast Guard". archive.fo. August 5, 2012. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
  423. ^ Sontag, Blind Man's Bluff.
  424. ^ a b "The Puerto Rican Soldier: Soldiers". Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
  425. ^ "USNA graduates of Hispanic descent for the Class of 1911, 1915, 1924, 1927, 1931, 1935, 1939, 1943, 1947". Association of Naval Service Officers. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
  426. ^ Allen, Paul L. (August 3, 2006). "Tucson proud Richard Carmona one of its own". Tucson Citizen. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  427. ^ "Floortime Atlanta". Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  428. ^ Archivo General de Puerto Rico: Documentos Archived October 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved August 3, 2007
  429. ^ a b c d "Obama to award Medal of Honor to 24 Army veterans". utsandiego.com. February 21, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  430. ^ "HispanicOnline – Hispanic Heritage Plaza 2002". Archived from the original on May 5, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2006.
  431. ^ "Toledo Blade – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  432. ^ "Association of the United States Army: From Glory to Disaster and Back". Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
  433. ^ "Historia Militar de Puerto Rico"; by Héctor Andrés Negroni; p. 370; ISBN 84-7888-138-7
  434. ^ Brigadier General Ruben A. Cubero, Official biography, United States Air Force; retrieved November 1, 2006.
  435. ^ Renda, Mary (2000). Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915–1940. University of North Carolina Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0807849385. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  436. ^ "Carmelo Delgado Delgado". Nodo50.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  437. ^ "Navy & Marine Corps Medical News" (TXT). Navy.mil. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  438. ^ Luis R. Esteves profile Archived January 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Bellsouthpwp.net; retrieved November 6, 2007.
  439. ^ "Aviation History Facts". Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  440. ^ "Tuller designa a coronela retirada como ayudante especial". Elnuevodia.com. February 22, 2014. Archived from the original on August 16, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  441. ^ "Yo vengo de una cultura machista". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). February 25, 2014. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  442. ^ "Welcome to DianasUniqueDesigns.com". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  443. ^ "Destroyer Escort Photo Index DE- 245 USS Sloat". Navsource.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  444. ^ "Marine Corps History and Museum Division, Korean War Commemorative Series, 2001, Dept. of Defense-50th Anniversary of Korean War- "Stalemate, U.S. Marines from Bunker Hill to Hook" by Bernard Nalty" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  445. ^ Garcia Cubero, Linda. "Punto Final!". Latina Style. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  446. ^ Carmen García Rosado, "Las WACS"-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Seginda Guerra Mundial, p. 60; 1ra. Edicion publicada en Octubre de 2006; 2da Edicion revisada 2007; Regitro tro Propiedad Intectual ELA (Government of Puerto Rico) #06-13P-)1A-399
  447. ^ Negroni, Héctor Andrés. Historia Militar de Puerto Rico (A Military History of Puerto Rico), Turner Publishing. 1992; ISBN 84-7844-138-7. p. 486.
  448. ^ "Protagonistas de la Historia – Ficha Goded Llopis, Manuel". ArteHistoria. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  449. ^ "Un tributo a los precursores de la aviacion en la Isla"; El Mundo; May 21, 1944
  450. ^ "John F". Archived from the original on February 24, 2004.
  451. ^ a b "Women In Military Service For America Memorial". Womensmemorial.org. August 21, 1944. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  452. ^ "Orlando Llenza speaks out on Puerto Rico self-determination". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on January 9, 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2006.
  453. ^ Doug Sterner. "MOH Citation for Carlos Lozada". Homeofheroes.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  454. ^ Ildelfonso López, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, p. 34, AEELA, 1998; retrieved June 6, 2007.
  455. ^ "World War II Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross – Citations". Homeofheroes.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  456. ^ "Public Health – Magazine". GovExec.com. July 15, 2002. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  457. ^ "Gilberto Marxauch Acosta profile", El Mundo, June 7, 1957.
  458. ^ Lt. Isaiah Olch, US Navy, US Naval Institute Proceedings ("A Breach of Neutrality"), Vol. 62; July–December 1936.
  459. ^ "Calls Odenwald Affair an Attack – Fired On Without Warning Shot, Germany Asserts, Contradicting San Juan Commander – Says She Was Unduly Held – Violated Clearance to Elude Enemy Cruisers That Had Been Warned She Was About to Sail". The New York Times. April 7, 1915. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  460. ^ George E. Mayer profile Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, BALTOPS (2003), eucom.mil; retrieved July 5, 2007.
  461. ^ "Angel Mendez". VirtualWall.org. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  462. ^ "Dr. Enriques Mendez, Jr. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Oral History Program" (PDF). Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  463. ^ "Education". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. New York: The University Society, Inc. 1940. Archived from the original on July 7, 2000.
  464. ^ El Mundo; "La carrera de Jose Antonio Muñiz en las fuerzas aéreas de los EEUU; April 26, 1944; Number 9986 (in Spanish)
  465. ^ "Major General William A. Navas Jr". Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
  466. ^ "Negroni Family". Members.tripod.com. January 30, 1938. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  467. ^ El Mundo; "La carrera de Alberto A. Nido en las fuerzas aéreas de los EEUU; April 26, 1944; No. 9986.
  468. ^ "Sargento Jorge Otero Barreto". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  469. ^ Women Doctors in War (Williams-Ford Texas A&M University Military History Series); by: Judith Bellafaire and Mercedes Herrera Graf; Publisher: Texas A&M University Press; ISBN 1603441468, 978-1603441469
  470. ^ "Brigadier General Jose M. Portela". Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  471. ^ "The Submarine Forces Diversity Trailblazer – Capt. Marion Frederick Ramirez de Arellano" (Summer 2007), Undersea Warfare magazine; p. 31
  472. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  473. ^ Antonio J. Ramos profile, af.mil; accessed February 16, 2008.
  474. ^ Profile, Time.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  475. ^ "Descendants of Otto Julius Riefkohl". Cohrs.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  476. ^ Alfred E. Cornebise, "Typhus and Doughboys: The American Polish Typhus Relief Expedition, 1919–1921", pp. 23, 25, 119–20. [ISBN missing]
  477. ^ Brozan, Nadine (August 11, 1992). "Chronicle". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
  478. ^ Ildelfonso López, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, p. 40, Publisher: AEELA, 1998. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  479. ^ "Profile of Horacio Rivero". Puerto Rico Herald. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on November 2, 2005. Retrieved October 3, 2006.
  480. ^ Barlow, NHC 2003.
  481. ^ "Profile: The 65th Infantry Regiment in Korea". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  482. ^ "Silver Star Citations". Korean War Educator. Retrieved December 16, 2006.
  483. ^ Highlights in the History of U.S. Army Dentistry (see "16 March 1940" entry).
  484. ^ a b "San Francisco Cosmetic Dentistry: Dental Carie Causes". Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  485. ^ "Euripides Rubio". Mishalov.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  486. ^ "Perfil: Hector Santiago-Colón". Puerto Rico Herald. December 20, 2006. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  487. ^ "page 2". Valerosos.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  488. ^ a b Permuy, Antonio (August 22, 2022). "Former Miami Beach nurse and WWII vet receives LULAC's highest honor". www.communitynewspapers.com. Miami, Florida: Biscayne Bay Tribune. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  489. ^ Gonzalez-Colon, Jenniffer. "Honoring the Life of Lieutenant Vazquez". www.congress.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  490. ^ "President Awards Posthumous Medal of Honor to Vietnam War Hero". July 8, 2002. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2009. Remarks by the President Bush at the Presentation of the Medal of Honor in the East Room of the White House.
  491. ^ Raúl G. Villaronga Newsletter Archived March 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, classof1959.aggienetwork.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  492. ^ Designan nuevamente a Martha Carcana para dirigir la Guardia Nacional, primerahora.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  493. ^ "Special Forces Soldier, Blinded in Battle, Determined to Keep Serving", foxnews.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  494. ^ Martin, David (May 3, 2017). "Army combat photographer's last picture is of her own death". CBS News. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  495. ^ "Hilda Clayton's Obituary on The Augusta Chronicle". The Augusta Chronicle.
  496. ^ Burgess, Lisa (June 13, 2007). "Officials honor first recipients of Air Force Combat Action Medal – News". Stripes. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  497. ^ "Our American Dream: Meet the First Latina US Military Pilot" Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, latino.foxnews.com, May 28, 2012; accessed April 4, 2016.
  498. ^ "Puerto Rico chooses soldier for next police chief"[dead link], msnbc.msn.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  499. ^ "Fortuño designa al nuevo Superintendente – NotiCel™". Noticel.com. March 31, 2016. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  500. ^ "Brigadier General Rafael O'Ferrall". Archived from the original on July 30, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  501. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  502. ^ "Public Affairs – Home". Usma.edu. Retrieved April 5, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  503. ^ "Maritza S. Ryan" (PDF). Americanbar.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  504. ^ "Jaime-Montilla – User Trees – Genealogy.com". Familytreemaker.genealogy.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  505. ^ Marc Sasseville profile Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, historycommons.org; accessed April 4, 2016.
  506. ^ Strategy and Technology Executive www.linkedin.com/in/noelzamot
  507. ^ "Puerto Rico fiscal board announces appointment of revitalization coordinator". Caribbean Business. July 24, 2017. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  508. ^ "Irene Zoppi, Gulf War Veteran". NBC Learn. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  509. ^ "Brig. Gen. Irene Zoppi > U.S. Army Reserve > Article View". www.usar.army.mil. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  510. ^ Patents By Inventor Jorge N. Amely-Velez profile, patents.justia.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  511. ^ Delma S. Arrigoitia, Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo: Vida y Obra de Antonio R. Barceló, 1868–1938; Ediciones Puerto (2008); ISBN 978-1-934461-69-3
  512. ^ "Gyncare.net". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  513. ^ "El Escultor de las Galaxias", surastronomico.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  514. ^ "The Victor M. Blanco Telescope (December 1, 1995)". Tuc.noao.edu. September 8, 1995. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  515. ^ Brief History of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, ctio.noao.edu; accessed April 4, 2016.
  516. ^ "Rafael Bras Named Georgia Tech Provost". Georgia Institute of Technology. July 7, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  517. ^ a b "Anthony M. Busquets profile". Oeop.larc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  518. ^ "Inoc 58(2)" (PDF). msafungi.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  519. ^ Colección Jaime Bagué Ramírez. p. 130. Retrieved December 2, 2011
  520. ^ "National Children's Study". Nationalchildrensstudy.gov. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  521. ^ Mary Ellen Verheyden-Hilliard, "Scientist from Puerto Rico, Maria Cordero Hardy (American Women in Science Biography)", Equity Institute; 1st edition (1985); ISBN 0-932469-02-7, 978-0-93246-902-1
  522. ^ Langley is 'All Systems Go' to Make History on Mars, NASA, 07.16.12 (Accessed November 13, 2012)
  523. ^ "NASA – NASA Scientist Recognized As Innovator". Nasa.gov. September 22, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  524. ^ "El Dr. Manuel de la Pila Iglesias: – Revista Galenus". Galenusrevista.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  525. ^ "El Dr. Rurico Díaz Rivera y el primer Departamento de Medicina".
  526. ^ "Noticias y Eventos". Uprm.edu. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  527. ^ "NASA - Ask Magazine". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  528. ^ "Home Page – Heliophysics Science Division – 670". Hsd.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  529. ^ Oliver-Gonzalez, José; Rose, Harry M.; Culbertson, James T. (May 1, 1945). "Chemotherapy of Human Filariasis by the Administration of Neostibosan1". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. s1-25 (3): 271–274. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1945.s1-25.271.
  530. ^ Historia del "Dr. José N. Gándara y de la escuela que lleva su nombre", Geocities.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  531. ^ Admiral Joxel García's biodata, Hhs.gov; accessed April 4, 2016.
  532. ^ Rosa Rivera Medina, "Dr. Mario R. García Palmieri recibe distinción prestigiosa"; Especial para Escenario Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, rcm.upr.edu; accessed April 4, 2016.
  533. ^ "Congressional Record, Volume 149 Issue 156 (Friday, October 31, 2003)". www.govinfo.gov.
  534. ^ "Biografía". Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
  535. ^ "Dr. Isaac González Martínez". Revista Galenus.
  536. ^ "Welcome to Latina Women of NASA home page". Latinawomen.nasa.gov. February 28, 2001. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  537. ^ "Welcome to Latina Women of NASA home page". Latinawomen.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  538. ^ Gloria Hernandez profile Archived January 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, latinawomen.nasa.gov; accessed April 4, 2016.
  539. ^ a b "Hep@Nasa Larc". Oeop.larc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  540. ^ "PSU@Shamoon". sites.psu.edu. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  541. ^ "Ramon E. Lopez – NSHP – National Society of Hispanic Physicists". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  542. ^ a b Rigau Pérez, José G. "Historia de la investigación científica en Puerto Rico". CienciaPR. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
  543. ^ "Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center: Newsletter: May 1999". Icte.umsl.edu. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  544. ^ Valentini, Valentina (July 12, 2021). "4 Women Leading the Charge on Shark Conservation". Shondaland. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  545. ^ "Welcome to Latina Women of NASA home page". Latinawomen.nasa.gov. February 28, 2001. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  546. ^ "Presentation of the Southern society for Clinical Investigation Founder's Medal to Dr. Manuel Martinez-Maldonado" (PDF). Medicine-opera.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  547. ^ "International humanitarian award: Joseph Orlando Prewitt Díaz". American Psychologist. 63 (8): 818–20. November 2008. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.63.8.818. PMID 19014254.
  548. ^ "Innovation". Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  549. ^ "Ron Rivera, Potter Devoted to Clean Water, Dies at 60", Nytimes.com, September 14, 2008.
  550. ^ "Ley 32 del 19 de enero de 1998. Para disponer que el Zoológico de Mayagüez sea designado como "Zoológico Dr. Juan A. Rivero"". January 19, 1998. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  551. ^ "Behind the Scenes: Engineering". Spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  552. ^ "Marshall Space Flight Center News Release 01-314 (09-27-01)". Archived from the original on September 16, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  553. ^ "Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas profile". Puerto Rico Herald. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  554. ^ Highlights in the History of U.S. Army Dentistry. See "16 March 1940" entry.
  555. ^ "Genetic Roadmap Targets Drug Therapies" Archived September 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Hartfordbusiness.com, November 30, 2009.
  556. ^ José Francisco Salgado profile Archived May 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Nbclatino.com, July 3, 2012; accessed April 4, 2016.
  557. ^ "Ulises Armand Sanabria". Earlytelevision.org. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  558. ^ Dr. Eduardo Santiago Delpín profile, Google.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  559. ^ "Yajaira Sierra One Step Closer to Becoming First Puerto Rican Woman in Space"[usurped], hispanicallyspeakingnews.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  560. ^ "Yajaira Sierra dreams of being 1st Puerto Rican woman in space", latino.foxnews.com, July 13, 2012.
  561. ^ Medicos: Diego R. Solís Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, doctoressolis.com; accessed April 4, 2016.
  562. ^ "Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands". Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2006.
  563. ^ "Un Modelo de Vida" Archived May 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, ftanguis.edu.pe; accessed April 4, 2016. (in Spanish)
  564. ^ Puerto Rican astrophysicist set to inspire next generation to reach for the stars with new science show Archived May 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, llanj.org; accessed April 4, 2016.
  565. ^ "Google". Archived from the original on March 17, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
  566. ^ "San Juan, PR". Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2007.
  567. ^ "1898 La Guerra Hispano Americana". Proyectosalonhogar.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  568. ^ "Biografías - Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón". Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  569. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 5, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  570. ^ "PR Senators" (PDF). Senadopr.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  571. ^ "Datos Biograficos de las Srta". Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  572. ^ "José Enrique Arrarás, representante por el Partido Popular Democrático en la Cámara de Representantes en una conferencia de prensa junto a otros funcionarios :: Fotos El Mundo (Color)". Bibliotecadigital.uprrp.edu. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  573. ^ "Don Antonio R. Barceló murió a las 8:11 de mañana ayer" Archived September 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine El Mundo (October 16, 1938): 1.
  574. ^ "www.ctheritage.org". Ctheritage.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  575. ^ "Puerto Rican Vying to Be Chicago's First Hispanic Mayor" Archived June 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Latin American Herald Tribune (laht.com), September 11, 2010.
  576. ^ "Ley Núm. 282 de 2006 -Para declarar el día 21 de septiembre como el Día del Natalicio de Leopoldo Figueroa Carreras". Lexjuris.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  577. ^ "www.porpuertorico.com". Porpuertorico.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  578. ^ "East Harlem News: People News Archives". East-harlem.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  579. ^ "HR 414 – Miguel Angel Garcia Mendez Post Office Building Designation Act – U.S. House Bill, Public Law 110-29". Theorator.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  580. ^ Yolanda Martínez Viruet, María Libertad Gómez Garriga y el proceso de la Asamblea Constituyente del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico (PhD diss., Universidad del Pais Vasco 2016).
  581. ^ Glorimar Rodríguez González, "María Libertad Gómez Garriga: una transgresora en la política puertorriqueña" Mujeres con Visión (December 1, 2016).
  582. ^ "The Mastery of the Politics of Making the Impossible Possible". La Voz del Paseo Boricua. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  583. ^ "Biography of Margarita López" (PDF). Nyc.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 9, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  584. ^ "National Governors Association". Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
  585. ^ "Antonio Mendez Dead at 80; East Harlem Political Leader". The New York Times. January 10, 1982.
  586. ^ "Summary of November 3, 1992 General Election Results". Elections in Puerto Rico. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  587. ^ "Mensajes". Ramajudicial.pr. September 29, 2006. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  588. ^ Katinas, Paula (February 9, 2015). "Ortiz named assistant assembly speaker". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  589. ^ "The New Republic Online: Do Over". www.tnr.com. Archived from the original on September 3, 2005.
  590. ^ Hernández, Rosario (July 20, 1993), R. de la C. 1310 (PDF) (in Spanish), House of Representatives of Puerto Rico, p. 2, archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011, retrieved September 1, 2010
  591. ^ Sewell Chan, "Antonio Pagán, 50, Ex-Councilman, Is Dead", The New York Times, January 26, 2009.
  592. ^ "Mr. Perez For Mayor". HartfordInfo.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  593. ^ "Feminism and Women's Rights" in Serafín Méndez-Méndez and Ronald Fernandez, eds., Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia (ABC-Clio 2015): 158. ISBN 9781440828324
  594. ^ "Legisladores puertorriqueños 1900–1996", by Nestor Rigual
  595. ^ Un Hombre para la Historia: Ernesto Ramos Antonini, Biografia. Ernesto Morales Ramos. 2005; retrieved December 20, 2011.
  596. ^ "Trouble with Spanish? Constituents Weigh in - NYTimes.com". Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
  597. ^ "Discurso Inaugural Roberto Rexach Benítex Décimo Presidente del Senado de Puerto Rico: 11 de Enero de 1993–1996" (PDF). Senadopr.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  598. ^ "Punta Mulas, PR". Lighthouse Friends. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  599. ^ Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States George W. Bush 2002. p. 2233.
  600. ^ "National Infrastructure Advisory Council, Meeting Agendas" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  601. ^ "Political Profile of Jose Serrano, Government & Politics". CollegeTermPapers.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  602. ^ Hilmes, Michele (2010). Only Connect: A Cultural History of Broadcasting in the United States. Cengage Learning. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-495-57051-6.
  603. ^ "Hispanic Americans in Congress – Velázquez". Loc.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  604. ^ Raúl G. Villaronga [dead link]
  605. ^ a b "Olympedia – Liston Bochette". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  606. ^ Adarlo, Sharon (July 1, 2008). "New mayor takes office in Perth Amboy". Newark Star Ledger.
  607. ^ a b "Home – El Nuevo Día". Elnuevodia.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  608. ^ "Raul Labrador". The Wall Street Journal. Election 2012. November 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  609. ^ "Martin, Saige – LGBTQ Victory Fund". Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  610. ^ "Home - el Nuevo Día". Archived from the original on April 20, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  611. ^ Peters, Jeremy (February 9, 2009). "Lawmakers Expel N.Y. State Senator Over Assault". The New York Times.
  612. ^ "Antonia Novello Biography Academy of Achievement". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  613. ^ Krieg, Gregory. "A 28-year-old Democratic Socialist just ousted a powerful, 10-term congressman in New York". CNN. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  614. ^ "Busca auxilio federal". Primera Hora (in Spanish). January 7, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  615. ^ "LIBRO te quiero Puerto Rico, Primaria Presidencial Democrata 2008: FREE SHIPPING @ MusicaBoricua". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
  616. ^ House Official: Quiñones Will Run for Osceola Commission Archived June 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine from Orlando Sentinel, February 1, 2007
  617. ^ "Melinda Romero Donnelly profile". Elnuevodia.com. June 7, 2009. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  618. ^ "Jobs Now legislation to undergo major changes". Caribbeanbusinesspr.com. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on April 7, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  619. ^ "With Perez Convictions Overturned, What Happens to His Pension?". Wnpr.org. February 11, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  620. ^ "State Sen. Darren Soto running for Congress - FOX 35 News Orlando". Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  621. ^ "Torres Nieves "tiene demasiado poder..."". El Nuevo Dia. August 23, 2012.
  622. ^ Jamaica Court of Appeals: Dahdoub vs. Vaz – 2008 (p. 7) Archived April 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Judiciary of Jamaica; accessed April 4, 2016.
  623. ^ "Endorsement: Hydee Feldstein Soto for Los Angeles city attorney". Los Angeles Times. September 23, 2022.
  624. ^ "A Non-Black Player Joins Globetrotters". The New York Times. Antigua and Barbuda. December 28, 1995. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  625. ^ "Harry Arroyo profile". BoxRec. July 30, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  626. ^ Namako, Jason (February 24, 2013). "Recent WWE signee gets new ring name in NXT". Wrestleview. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  627. ^ "Hipodromo Camarero". Hipodromo Camarero. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  628. ^ "Isabel Bustamante - Athletics | Paralympic Athlete Profile".
  629. ^ Puerto Ricos Camacho-Quinn Wins Gold
  630. ^ "Forgotten Heroes: Pedro Anibal "Perucho" Cepeda" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  631. ^ "Pioneros Puertorriqueños en Nueva York"; by Joaquin Colon Lopez; pp. 229–30; Arte Publico Press (2001); ISBN 1-55885-335-9, 978-1-55885-335-5
  632. ^ John Blake. "Vancouver welcomes the world". CNN.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  633. ^ "Welterweight titlist Cintron has severe ligament damage in right hand". ESPN. November 29, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  634. ^ "Damage done! Red Sox rock L.A. to win World Series". ESPN.com. October 29, 2018.
  635. ^ "Carla Cortijo". WNBA.com – Official Site of the WNBA.
  636. ^ "Portada – El Nuevo Día". Endi.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  637. ^ Bob Dutton (August 3, 2016). "Mariners notebook: Closer Edwin Diaz is already making history". The News Tribune. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  638. ^ Hispanic Magazine, 1988
  639. ^ "Gigi Fernández: "We Have A Mixed Identity"". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  640. ^ "Cruce a Nado en la Playa de Ponce este septiembre". Primerahora.com. August 19, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  641. ^ "Cocoa Kid". Ibhof.com. May 2, 1914. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  642. ^ Society For American Baseball Research
  643. ^ Von Hayes showcased speed, skill
  644. ^ Pro-Football-Reference.com, Players, Aaron Hernandez. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
  645. ^ "Dodgers' Enrique Hernandez joins exclusive club with 3-homer night". Espn.com. October 20, 2017.
  646. ^ "Latin-American Martial Artist Society World-Wide Hall of Fame: Hall of Fame 2002". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  647. ^ "Laurie Hernández Is the Second Puerto Rican Gymnast to Represent Team USA at the Olympics". Remezcla. July 10, 2016.
  648. ^ "Karrion Kross's Twitter". Twitter. March 25, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  649. ^ Kross, Killer (December 9, 2019). Killer Kross Now Karrion Kross Is Boricua (YouTube) (in English and Spanish). Event occurs at 1:10. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  650. ^ "Puerto Rico Swimmers Make A Splash At CAC Games". Puerto Rico Herald. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  651. ^ Monday, Michael (April 3, 2013). "WrestleMania 29: Homecoming for Jersey's tiny 'Diva' AJ Lee". NJ.com. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
  652. ^ Teodoro, Nick (June 15, 2012). "AJ Lee, the WWE's 'Geek Goddess', talks triple-threat match and her NJ. homecoming". NorthJersey. Archived from the original on June 17, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  653. ^ "Martin Maldonado stats". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  654. ^ Stumberg, Patrick L. (December 5, 2018). "International Boxing Hall of Fame reveals class of 2019". Bad Left Hook.
  655. ^ "Denise Masino - AMG Lite". Archived from the original on July 22, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
  656. ^ "Denise Masino: Behind the Muscle". Femalemuscle.com. December 18, 2008. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  657. ^ "Mark Medal". BoxRec.com. July 29, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  658. ^ "Melendez adds a new country to Globetrotters' resume". ESPN. October 14, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  659. ^ "Bengie Molina stats". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  660. ^ "José Molina stats". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  661. ^ Skretta, Dave (October 29, 2013). "Yadier Molina of St. Louis Cardinals wins sixth straight Gold Glove". ESPN. Associated Press. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  662. ^ "David Monasterio". Olympic.org. June 18, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  663. ^ "Tony Perez, My Life in Boxing". Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  664. ^ "Monica Puig tops Petra Kvitova, will play for Puerto Rico's first gold". USA TODAY.
  665. ^ "NBA.com/Stats". Nba.com. February 5, 2015. Archived from the original on October 7, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  666. ^ "Fallece Neftali Rivera, leyenda del básquetbol boricua, a los 69 años (in Spanish)". espndeportes. December 10, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  667. ^ "Waterboony Sponsorship (2)". Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  668. ^ a b Rykoff, Amanda (July 15, 2011). "For the Steffens, water polo is a family affair". Espn.go.com. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  669. ^ McGee, Marty. "35th Annual Eclipse Awards – 2005 – Daily Racing Form". drf.com. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  670. ^ "John Velazquez, Ghostzapper head racing Hall class". Espn.go.com. April 23, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  671. ^ "In '88 Games, two Virginians skied for Puerto Rico", The Washington Post; accessed September 13, 2016.
  672. ^ Farris, Phoebe (1999). Women Artists of Color: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook to 20th Century Artists in the Americas. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 131. ISBN 0-313-30374-6.
  673. ^ "Myrna Báez".
  674. ^ Congdon, Kristin G.; Hallmark, Kara Kelley (2002). Artists from Latin American Cultures: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 978-0313315442.
  675. ^ "Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration (PRFAA) - About Puerto Rico". Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
  676. ^ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on March 8, 2009. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
  677. ^ "Tribute To Puerto Rican Artist Jose Caraballo". Artid.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  678. ^ "Watch: "Hollywood Babylon" by XUXA SANTAMARIA". Mask Magazine. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  679. ^ "PR Arte Pg1". Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
  680. ^ Kruger Torres, Lola (1975). Enciclopedia Grandes Mujeres de Puerto Rico Tomo IV. Hato Rey, Puerto Rico: Ramallo Bros. Printing, Inc. pp. 59–60.
  681. ^ Schiro, Anne-Marie (March 18, 1987). "Antonio López is dead at 44; was major fashion illustrator". The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
  682. ^ "El Status – Independent Platform for Contemporary Puerto Rican Art". El Status. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  683. ^ "Optika Symposium on Visual Narration". www.uprm.edu. 2005. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  684. ^ "Daniel Lind Ramos | Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico".
  685. ^ The Ghetto Potter | Season 1 Episode 3 | Articulate, retrieved June 23, 2019
  686. ^ "Ceramic Vases that Contain All the Beauty and Ugliness of US History". Hyperallergic. June 8, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  687. ^ Kaplan, Heather (December 10, 2018). "Roberto Lugo: Critical Discussions of Hip-Hop, Ceramics, and Visual Culture". Arts. 7 (4): 102. doi:10.3390/arts7040102. ISSN 2076-0752.
  688. ^ "Meet Robert Lugo, the Self-Proclaimed "Ghetto Potter" Turning Classical Ceramics Into Radical Art". Remezcla. September 16, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  689. ^ Beyond the Barrio, With Growing Pains, The New York Times, October 9, 2009.
  690. ^ "Independent Platform for Contemporary Puerto Rican Art". El Status. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  691. ^ "Manuel Rivera-Ortiz Photographer – Welcome". Rivera-ortiz.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  692. ^ "Puerto Rican Artist Arnaldo Roche Rabell Dies at Age 62". NBC Chicago. November 18, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
  693. ^ Morgan, Jack (April 3, 2023). "Angel Rodríguez-Díaz, San Antonio painter and sculptor, dies at 67". Texas Public Radio. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  694. ^ "Puerto Rican Painter, History of Puerto Rican Painting". Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  695. ^ "Samuel E Vázquez: From Street To Gallery" Scott Shoger, "Nuvo", July 1, 2013
  696. ^ Karla D. Romero, "Samuel E Vázquez: Graffiti Was Our Social Network" Humanize Magazine, No. 20, Spring 2013.
  697. ^ Pérez-Lizano, Manuel (September 1987). "Escultura actual en Puerto Rico" [Current Sculpture in Puerto Rico]. Plástica (in Spanish). 2 (17). San Juan: 80–87. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017 – via International Center for the Arts of the Americas.
  698. ^ Mrs. Torres Gets Life Term For Fatal Bombing in 1977, The New York Times, May 24, 1980.
  699. ^ "Envision Technologies Inc". Envision-technologies.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  700. ^ "Girl Scout Blog: Celebrating the Centennial in Puerto Rico". Blog.girlscouts.org. April 30, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  701. ^ "Online Currency Exchange Rates". Joseosvaldo.freeyellow.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  702. ^ "the seasoned traveler with george bauer". Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  703. ^ Colleen D. Harting, ed. (2021). Agustina Luvis Núñez in Challenging Bias against Women Academics in Religion. Atla Open Press. pp. 209–224. ISBN 978-1-949800-25-8. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  704. ^ "FindLaw's United States First Circuit case and opinions".
  705. ^ "Inter American Press Association". Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
  706. ^ "SuperXclusivo ::: Programación ::: Wapa.tv". Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
  707. ^ Allison, Chelsea (October 5, 2011). "Legendary New York City Ballet Principal Jock Soto Reveals the Steps that Led Him to a Life in Dance". Vogue.com.
  708. ^ "Los Angeles Times: Archives – 11 Arrested as Puerto Rican Terrorists". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. April 6, 1980. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  709. ^ "FALN prisoners set free". CNN. September 10, 1999. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
  710. ^ Kaplan, Howard (February 10, 2016). "We Remember Collector Teodoro Vidal". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  711. ^ Dennehy, Kevin (November 8, 2017). "Climate action requires 'local brilliance,' Yeampierre tells YESS summit". Yale University. Retrieved April 28, 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=List_of_Puerto_Ricans&oldid=1254828390#Cartoonists"