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List of Jewish temples

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The following is a list of temples associated with the Jewish religion throughout its history and development, including Yahwism. While in the modern day, Rabbinic Jews will refer to "The Temple", and state that temples other than the Jerusalem temple, especially outside Israel,[1] are invalid, during the era in which Judaism had temples, multiple existed concurrently.[2]

Temples Location Establishment Destruction/Decommission
The First Temple Jerusalem 10th-8th century BC 587 BC by the Babylonians.
Tel Motza Temple Mozah 10th-9th century BC.[3] Unclear, possibly existed into the 6th century BC.[3]
Tel Arad Temple Harad 10th-7th century BC.[4] Probably destroyed during Hezekiah's reforms.[5]
Tel Dan Temple Dan Sometime after 930 BC.[6] Unclear.
Elephantine Temple Elephantine Island Unclear, already extant by 525 BC.[7][1] Unclear, letter requesting to rebuild after destruction in 410 BC[8] sent in 407 BC.[9] Permission was granted.[8]
The Second Temple Jerusalem Unclear, dates given include 516 BC and 350 BC.[10] 70 AD by the Romans.[10]
Samaritan Temple Mount Gerizim 450 BC.[11] 110 BC by the Maccabees.[11]
The Oniad Temple Leontopolis Unclear, possibly as early as 168-167 BC.[12] 73-74 AD by the Romans.

Also notable

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  • The old city of Beersheba had a horned altar, indicating it once likely had a temple.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Ancient Jewish Community Elephantine". 2008-12-04. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2024-02-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John (2010-04-15). Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-03216-4.
  3. ^ a b "Tel Moẓa Archaeological Excavation 2020". Moza. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  4. ^ "Tel Arad Temple - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  5. ^ Christopher Eames (June 3, 2020). "Ancient Israelite Cannabis Altar Points to King Ahaz's Worship". ArmstrongInstitute.org. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  6. ^ "Sacred Precinct Complex (Tel Dan) - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  7. ^ Mondriaan, M. E. "Anat-Yahu and the Jews at Elephantine" (PDF). Journal for Semitics.
  8. ^ a b Rosenberg, Stephen G. (March 2004). "The Jewish Temple at Elephantine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (1): 4–13. doi:10.2307/4149987. ISSN 1094-2076. JSTOR 4149987. S2CID 162350945.
  9. ^ "Elephantine Papyri: Petition to Bagoas". Displaced Dynasties. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2024-02-14.[unreliable source?]
  10. ^ a b "Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  11. ^ a b Sauter, Megan (2023-09-17). "The Temple on Mount Gerizim—In the Bible and Archaeology". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  12. ^ Piotrkowski, Meron. Priests in Exile. p. 38.
  13. ^ Barasso, Michele (2022-02-14). "Tel Be'er Sheva, City of the Patriarchs". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
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