List of Jewish Nobel laureates: Difference between revisions
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| "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/|title=The Nobel Prize in Economics 2009|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> |
| "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/|title=The Nobel Prize in Economics 2009|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> |
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| [[Peter Diamond]]<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Peter_Diamond.html Jewish Virtual Library (Peter Diamond)]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fhillel%2Fwww%2Fevents%2Fseminars%2Fdiamond-invite-111004.pdf&rct=j&q=peter%20diamond%20hillel&ei=u6WVTrWqNcny0gHjjL2UCA&usg=AFQjCNFM3dLTYOZuUCPmOOy6Mu3JRwXE2Q&sig2=yrniOfdDit__Ikqs8fO_hQ&cad=rja Leading Jewish Minds at MIT]</ref><ref>[http://www.liherald.com/fivetowns/fivetowns/stories/Going-to-the-head-of-the-class,28212?content_source=&category_id=&search_filter=woodmere&event_mode=&event_ts_from=&list_type=&order_by=&order_sort=&content_class=&sub_type=&town_id= Going to the head of the class]: Bar-Mitzvah at Temple Beth El in Cedarhurst</ref><ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/581/000254816/ Peter Diamond (NNDB)]</ref> |
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| "for his analysis of markets with search frictions"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/|title=The Nobel Prize in Economics 2010|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 16:09, 12 October 2011
The Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. An associated prize in Economics has been awarded since 1969.[1] Nobel Prizes have been awarded to over 800 individuals,[2] of whom at least 20% were Jews.[3][4][5][6]
Jews have been the recipients of all six awards. The first Jewish recipient, Adolf von Baeyer, was awarded the prize in Chemistry in 1905. The most recent, Ralph Marvin Steinman and Bruce Beutler (Physiology or Medicine), Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess (Physics), and Dan Shechtman (Chemistry), were awarded their prizes in 2011.
Some Jewish laureates, including Elie Wiesel (who received the 1986 prize for Peace), are Holocaust survivors.[7] The oldest ever Nobel laureate was Leonid Hurwicz, a Polish-American Jew who received the 2007 prize in Economics when he was 90 years old.[8] Rita Levi-Montalcini is the oldest living Nobel laureate and the first ever to reach a 100th birthday. One laureate in Literature, Boris Pasternak, was forced to decline the prize (1958).
Literature
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1910 | Paul Heyse[9] | Germany | "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[10] | |
1927 | Henri Bergson[9] | France | "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[11] | |
1958 | File:Boris Pasternak cropped.jpg | Boris Pasternak[9] | Soviet Union | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[12] |
1966 | Shmuel Yosef Agnon[9] | Israel | "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[13] | |
Nelly Sachs[9] | Germany | "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[13] | ||
1976 | File:Saul Bellow, 1990.jpg | Saul Bellow[9] | United States | "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[14] |
1978 | File:Isaac Bashevis Singer crop.jpg | Isaac Bashevis Singer[9] | United States | "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"[15] |
1981 | Elias Canetti[9] | United Kingdom | "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[16] | |
1987 | Joseph Brodsky[9] | United States | "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[17] | |
1991 | Nadine Gordimer[9] | South Africa | "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"[18] | |
2002 | Imre Kertész[9] | Hungary | "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"[19] | |
2004 | Elfriede Jelinek[20] | Austria | "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[21] | |
2005 | Harold Pinter[22] | United Kingdom | "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[23] |
Chemistry
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1905 | Adolf von Baeyer[9] | Germany | "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"[24] | |
1906 | Henri Moissan[25] | France | "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him"[26] | |
1910 | Otto Wallach[9] | Germany | "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[27] | |
1915 | Richard Willstätter[9] | Germany | "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"[28] | |
1918 | Fritz Haber[9] | Germany | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"[29] | |
1943 | George de Hevesy[9] | Hungary | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"[30] | |
1961 | Melvin Calvin[9] | United States | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"[31] | |
1962 | Max Perutz[32] | United Kingdom | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"[33] | |
1972 | William Howard Stein[9] | United States | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[34] | |
1977 | Ilya Prigogine[35][36][37] | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"[38] | |
1979 | Herbert C. Brown[39] | United States | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"[40] | |
1980 | Paul Berg[9] | United States | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[41] | |
Walter Gilbert[9] | United States | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[41] | ||
1981 | Roald Hoffmann[9] | United States | "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"[42] | |
1982 | Aaron Klug[9] | United Kingdom | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"[43] | |
1985 | Jerome Karle[44][45] | United States | "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"[46] | |
Herbert A. Hauptman[47][48][49] | United States | |||
1989 | Sidney Altman[9] | Canada United States |
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"[50] | |
1992 | Rudolph A. Marcus[9] | United States | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[51] | |
1998 | Walter Kohn[9] | United States | "for his development of the density-functional theory"[52] | |
2004 | Aaron Ciechanover | Israel | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[53] | |
Avram Hershko | Israel | |||
Irwin Rose | United States | |||
2006 | Roger D. Kornberg | United States | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"[54] | |
2008 | Martin Chalfie[55] | United States | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP".[56] | |
2009 | Ada Yonath | Israel | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"[57] | |
2011 | File:Shechtman Technion.jpg | Dan Shechtman | Israel | "for the discovery of quasicrystals"[58] |
Physiology or Medicine
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1908 | File:Ilya Mechnikov (Nobel 1908).png | Élie Metchnikoff[9] | Russia | "in recognition of their work on immunity"[59] |
File:Paul Ehrlich.png | Paul Ehrlich[9] | Germany | ||
1914 | Robert Bárány[9] | Austria | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"[60] | |
1922 | Otto Fritz Meyerhof[9] | Germany | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"[61] | |
1930 | Karl Landsteiner[9] | Austria | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[62] | |
1931 | Otto Heinrich Warburg[9] (of Jewish descent) | Germany | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[63] | |
1936 | File:Otto Loewi 1955 Woods Hole MA.JPG | Otto Loewi[9] | Austria | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[64] |
1944 | Joseph Erlanger[9] | United States | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[65] | |
Herbert Spencer Gasser | ||||
1945 | Ernst Boris Chain[9] | United Kingdom | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[66] | |
1946 | Hermann Joseph Muller[9] | United States | "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"[67] | |
1947 | Gerty Cori | United States | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[68] | |
1950 | Tadeusz Reichstein[9] | Switzerland | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[69] | |
1952 | Selman Waksman[9] | United States | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"[70] | |
1953 | Hans Adolf Krebs[9] | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"[71] | |
Fritz Albert Lipmann[9] | United States | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[71] | ||
1958 | Joshua Lederberg[9] | United States | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"[72] | |
1959 | Arthur Kornberg[9] | United States | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[73] | |
1964 | Konrad Emil Bloch[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"[74] | |
1965 | François Jacob[9] | France | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"[75] | |
André Michel Lwoff[9] | ||||
1967 | George Wald[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[76] | |
1968 | Marshall Warren Nirenberg[9] | United States | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"[77] | |
1969 | Salvador Luria[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[78] | |
1970 | Julius Axelrod[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[79] | |
Bernard Katz[9] | United Kingdom | |||
1972 | Gerald Edelman[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"[80] | |
1975 | David Baltimore[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[81] | |
Howard Martin Temin[9] | United States | |||
1976 | Baruch Samuel Blumberg[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"[82] | |
1977 | Andrew Schally[83][84] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"[85] | |
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow[9] | United States | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[85] | ||
1978 | Daniel Nathans[9] | United States | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[86] | |
1980 | Baruj Benacerraf[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[87] | |
1982 | John Robert Vane | United Kingdom | "for his discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"[88] | |
1984 | César Milstein[9] | Argentina United Kingdom |
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"[89] | |
1985 | Michael Stuart Brown[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"[90] | |
Joseph L. Goldstein[9] | United States | |||
1986 | Stanley Cohen[9] | United States | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[91] | |
Rita Levi-Montalcini[9] | Italy | |||
1988 | Gertrude B. Elion[9] | United States | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[92] | |
1989 | Harold E. Varmus[9] | United States | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"[93] | |
1992 | Edmond H. Fischer | Switzerland United States |
"for his discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[94] | |
1994 | Alfred G. Gilman[9] | United States | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"[95] | |
Martin Rodbell[9] | ||||
1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner[9] | United States | "for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection"[96] | |
1998 | Robert F. Furchgott[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[97] | |
2000 | Paul Greengard[9] | United States | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"[98] | |
Eric Kandel[9] | United States | |||
2002 | Sydney Brenner[9] | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"[99] | |
H. Robert Horvitz[9] | United States | |||
2004 | Richard Axel | United States | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[100] | |
2006 | Andrew Fire | United States | "for his discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[101] | |
2011 | Ralph M. Steinman[102][103][104] | Canada | for "his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"[105] | |
Bruce Beutler[106] | United States | for "for his discovery concerning the activation of innate immunity"[105] |
Physics
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1907 | Albert Abraham Michelson[9] | United States | "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"[107] | |
1908 | Gabriel Lippmann[9] | France | "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"[108] | |
1921 | Albert Einstein[9] | Germany | "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"[109] | |
1922 | Niels Bohr[9] | Denmark | "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"[110] | |
1925 | James Franck[9] | Germany | "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"[111] | |
Gustav Hertz[9] | Germany | |||
1943 | Otto Stern[9] | United States | "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"[112] | |
1944 | Isidor Isaac Rabi[9] | United States | "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"[113] | |
1945 | Wolfgang Pauli[114] | Austria | "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle"[115] | |
1952 | Felix Bloch[9] | United States | "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[116] | |
1954 | Max Born[9] | United Kingdom | "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[117] | |
1958 | Ilya Frank | Soviet Union | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"[118] | |
Igor Tamm[119] | Soviet Union | |||
1959 | Emilio Gino Segrè[9] | Italy | "for their discovery of the antiproton"[120] | |
1960 | Donald A. Glaser | United States | "for the invention of the bubble chamber"[121] | |
1961 | Robert Hofstadter[9] | United States | "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[122] | |
1962 | File:Lev Davidovich Landau.jpg | Lev Landau[9] | Soviet Union | "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"[123] |
1963 | Eugene Paul Wigner | United States | "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[124] | |
1965 | Richard Feynman[9] | United States | "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[125] | |
Julian Schwinger[9] | United States | |||
1967 | Hans Bethe[9] | United States | "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"[126] | |
1969 | Murray Gell-Mann[9] | United States | "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"[127] | |
1971 | Dennis Gabor[9] | United Kingdom | "for his invention and development of the holographic method"[128] | |
1972 | Leon Cooper | United States | "for his jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"[129] | |
1973 | File:Brian David Josephson.jpg | Brian David Josephson[9] | United Kingdom | "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect"[130] |
1975 | Ben Roy Mottelson[9] | Denmark | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[131] | |
1976 | Burton Richter[9] | United States | "for his pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"[132] | |
1978 | Arno Allan Penzias[9] | United States | "for his discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"[133] | |
1979 | Sheldon Lee Glashow[9] | United States | "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[134] | |
Steven Weinberg[9] | United States | |||
1988 | Leon M. Lederman[9] | United States | "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"[135] | |
Melvin Schwartz[9] | United States | |||
Jack Steinberger[9] | United States | |||
1990 | Jerome Isaac Friedman[9] | United States | "for his pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"[136] | |
1992 | Georges Charpak | France | "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"[137] | |
1995 | Martin Lewis Perl[9] | United States | "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[138] | |
Frederick Reines[9] | United States | "for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[138] | ||
1996 | David Morris Lee[9] | United States | "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"[139] | |
Douglas D. Osheroff[9] | United States | |||
1997 | Claude Cohen-Tannoudji[9] | France | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"[140] | |
2000 | Zhores Alferov[9] | Russia | "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"[141] | |
2003 | Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov | Russia United States |
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"[142] | |
Vitaly Ginzburg | Russia | |||
2004 | David Gross | United States | "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"[143] | |
H. David Politzer | United States | |||
2005 | Roy J. Glauber | United States | "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"[144] | |
2011 | Adam Riess[145][146][147] | United States | "for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating"[144] | |
2011 | Saul Perlmutter[148][149] | United States | "for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating"[144] |
Peace
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1911 | Tobias Michael Carel Asser[9] | The Netherlands | "Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer"[150] | |
Alfred Hermann Fried[9] | Austria | "Journalist; Founder of Die Friedenswarte"[150] | ||
1968 | René Cassin[9] | France | "President of the European Court for Human Rights"[151] | |
1973 | Henry A. Kissinger[9] | United States | "For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces"[152][153] | |
1978 | Menachem Begin[9] | Israel | "for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"[154] | |
1986 | Elie Wiesel[9] | United States | "Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust""[155] | |
1994 | Yitzhak Rabin[9] | Israel | "to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[156] | |
Shimon Peres[9] | Israel | |||
1995 | Joseph Rotblat | United Kingdom Poland |
"for his efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[157] |
Economics
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | File:Samuelson1950.jpg | Paul Samuelson[9] | United States | "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" |
1971 | Simon Kuznets[9] | United States | "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[159] | |
1972 | Kenneth Arrow[9] | United States | "for his pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"[160] | |
1973 | Wassily Leontief | Russia Germany United States |
"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[161] | |
1975 | Leonid Kantorovich[9] | Soviet Union | "for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[162] | |
1976 | Milton Friedman[9] | United States | "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"[163] | |
1978 | File:HerbertSimon.jpg | Herbert Simon[9] | United States | "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[164] |
1980 | Lawrence Klein[9] | United States | "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[165] | |
1985 | Franco Modigliani[9] | Italy United States |
"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[166] | |
1987 | Robert Solow[9] | United States | "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""[167] | |
1990 | Harry Markowitz[9] | United States | "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""[168] | |
Merton Miller | United States | |||
1992 | Gary Becker[9] | United States | "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour""[169] | |
1993 | Robert Fogel[9] | United States | "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[170] | |
1994 | John Harsanyi[9], Reinhard Selten | Hungary United States |
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"[171] | |
2001 | Joseph Stiglitz[9] | United States | "for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[172] | |
2002 | Daniel Kahneman[9] | Israel United States |
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[173] | |
2005 | Robert Aumann[174] | Israel United States |
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"[175] | |
2007 | Leonid Hurwicz[176][177][178] | United States | "For having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[179] | |
Eric Maskin | United States | |||
Roger Myerson | United States | |||
2008 | Paul Krugman[180] | United States | "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[181] | |
2009 | Elinor Ostrom[182] | United States | "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[183] | |
2010 | Peter Diamond[184][185][186][187] | United States | "for his analysis of markets with search frictions"[188] |
Forced to decline prize
Only four laureates have been forced by authorities to decline the Nobel Prize. Three of them were (non-Jewish) Germans, who were prohibited from accepting the prize by Adolf Hitler in 1938 and in 1939. The fourth was Boris Pasternak,[189] a Russian Jew.[190] Pasternak was named the winner of the prize for Literature in 1958. He initially accepted the award, but—after intense pressure from Soviet authorities—subsequently declined it.[191][192]
Nobel Laureates Boulevard
The Israeli town of Rishon LeZion has a street in it dedicated to honoring all Jewish Nobel Laureates. The street, called Tayelet Hatnei Pras Nobel (Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade), has a monument with attached plaque for each Nobel Laureate.[49]
References
- ^ "Nobel Prize" (2007), in Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed 14 November 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
An additional award, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969
- ^ "All Nobel Laureates". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
- ^ "One-of-five Nobel Prize Laureates are Jewish". Israel High-Tech & Investment Report. December 2004. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
- ^ "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners". Jewish Biography. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
- ^ List of Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates. Shreiber publishing. 2003. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
- ^ "Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize". Israel Science and Technology. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
- ^ "Winfrey selects Wiesel's 'Night' for book club", Associated Press, January 16, 2006.
- ^ "The oldest Laureate". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-03-01. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon, eds. (2003), "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners", The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia, Schreiber Publishing, p. 198, ISBN 1887563776
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1910". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1927". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1958". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ a b "Nobel Prize in Literature 1966". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1981". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1987". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ Dagmar C. G. Lorenz (2007). Keepers of the Motherland: German texts by Jewish women writers. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 251–252. ISBN 9780803229174.
Jewish women's writing likewise employs satirical and grotesque elements when depiciting non-Jews... Some do so pointedly, such as Ilse Aichinger, Elfriede Gerstl, and Elifriede Jelinek... Jelinek resumed the techniques of the Jewish interwar satirists... Jelinek stresses her affinity to Karl Krauss and the Jewish Cabaret of the interwar era... She claims her own Jewish identity as the daughter of a Holocaust victim, her father, thereby suggesting that there is a continuity of Vienna's Jewish tradition (Berka 1993, 137f.; Gilman 1995, 3).
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Moissan, whose mother was Jewish, [...]
{{cite book}}
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(help) - ^ Dr. Ernest Beutler, 1928-2008
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Tamm was born in Vladivostok, Russia on July 8, 1895 into an old established Jewish family.
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- Bernard S. Schlessinger; June H. Schlessinger (1996). The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901-1995. Oryx Press. p. 201. ISBN 9780897748995.
Parents: Father, Evgen Tamm; Mother, Olga Davidova Tamm. Nationality: Russian. Religion: Jewish.
- Ioan Mackenzie James (2009). Driven to innovate: a century of Jewish mathematicians and physicists. Peter Lang. p. 262. ISBN 9781906165222.
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- ^ Wedding: Nancy Schondorf And Adam Riess
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Sure enough, I was accused in various places not just of 'tolerance for anti-Semitism' (yes, I'm Jewish) [...]
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Frenz, Horst (ed.) (1969). Literature 1901–1967. Nobel Lectures. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
{{cite book}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) (Via "Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 – Announcement". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 24 May 2007.)
Further reading
- Charpa, Ulrich; Deichmann, Ute. (eds.) (2007). Jews and Sciences in German Contexts: Case Studies From the 19th and 20th Centuries, Mohr Siebeck, pp. 23–25.
- Feldman, Burton (2001). The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige, Arcade Publishing, pp. 407–10.
- Julius, Anthony (1995). T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form, Cambridge University Press, p. 266.
- Lazarus, William P.; Sullivan, Mark. (2008). Comparative Religion For Dummies, Wiley Publishing, p. 45.
- Patai, Raphael (1996). The Jewish Mind, Wayne State University Press, pp. 339–42.
- Rubinstein, W. D. (1982). The Left, the Right and the Jews, Croom Helm, p. 63.
- Scharfstein, Sol (1999). Understanding Jewish Holidays and Customs: Historical and Contemporary, KTAV Publishing House, p. 168.
- Shalev, Baruch Aba (2005). 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, The Americas Group, first publishing in 2002.
- Weiss, Mosheh (2004). A Brief History of the Jewish People, Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 216–17.
- Zuckerman, Harriet (1996). Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States, Transaction Publishers, originally publishing in 1977, pp. 71–78.