Glossary of French words and expressions in English

Here are some examples of French stuff and phrases used by English speakers.

There are many words of French origin in English, such as art, collage, competition, force, machine, police, publicity, role, routine, table, and many others which have been and are being anglicized. They are now pronounced according to English rules of orthography, rather than French (which uses nasal vowels not found in English). Approximately 40% of English vocabulary is of French or Oïl language origin, most derived from, or transmitted by, the Anglo-Norman spoken by the upper classes in England for several hundred years after the Norman Conquest, before the language settled into what became Modern English.

This article, however, covers words and phrases that generally entered the lexicon later, as through literature, the arts, diplomacy, and other cultural exchanges not involving conquests. As such, they have not lost their character as Gallicisms, or words that seem unmistakably foreign and "French" to an English-speaking person.

That said, the phrases are given as used in English, and may seem correct modern French to English speakers, but may not be recognised as such by French speakers as many of them are now defunct or have a different meaning due to semantic evolution. A general rule is that if the word or phrase retains French diacritics or is usually printed in italics, it has retained its French identity.

A

à gogo

in abundance. It pertains to the familiar language in French.

à la [...]

in the manner of/in a similar manner to [...]

à la carte

on the card; (in restaurants refers to ordering individual dishes rather than a fixed-price meal)

à la mode

fashionable; also, with ice cream (in the U.S.)

à propos

regarding

abattoir

slaughterhouse

accouchement

confinement during childbirth; the process of having a baby; only this last meaning remains in French

adieu

farewell; as it literally means "to God," it carries more weight than "au revoir" ("goodbye", literally "see you later"): it is definitive, implying you will never see the other person again. Depending on the context, misuse of this term can be considered as an insult, as you'll wish for the other person's death or will say that you don't wish to see the other person ever again while alive.

adroit

skillful, clever, in French: habile, as a "right-handed" person would be using his "right" hand, as opposed to his left one with which he would be "gauche" meaning "left".

aide-de-camp

"camp assistant"; assistant to a senior military officer

aide-mémoire

"memory aid"; an object or memorandum to assist in remembrance, or a diplomatic paper proposing the major points of discussion

allez!

"go!", as in "go team!"

ancien régime

a sociopolitical or other system that no longer exists, an allusion to pre-revolutionary France (used with capital letter in French with this meaning : Ancien Régime)

aperçu

preview; a first impression; initial insight.

apéritif

a before-meal drink (in familiar French, it is shortened as "un apéro").

appellation contrôlée

supervised use of a name. For the conventional use of the term, see Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée

après moi, le déluge

remark attributed to Louis XV of France; used in reference to the impending end of a functioning French monarchy and predicting the French Revolution. (After me, the deluge.) 617 Squadron Royal air Force famously known as The Dam Busters use this as their motto. Also a verse in the song Après Moi by Regina Spektor.

arête

a narrow ridge. In French, also fishbone; edge of a polyhedron or graph; bridge of the nose.

armoire

a type of cabinet; wardrobe.

artiste

a skilled performer, a person with artistic pretensions.

art nouveau

a style of decoration and architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (usually bears a capital in French : Art nouveau).

attaché

a person attached to an embassy; in French is also the past participle of the verb attacher (=to fasten)

au contraire

on the contrary.

au courant

up-to-date; abreast of current affairs.

au fait

being conversant in or with, or instructed in or with.

au jus

literally, with juice, referring to a food course served with sauce. Often redundantly formulated, as in 'Open-faced steak sandwich, served with au jus.'

au pair

a young foreigner who does domestic chores in exchange for room and board.

au revoir!

"See you later!" In French a contraction of Au plaisir de vous revoir (to the pleasure of seeing you again).

avant-garde (pl. avant-gardes)

applied to cutting-edge or radically innovative movements in art, music and literature; figuratively "on the edge", literally, a military term, meaning "vanguard" (which is the deformation of avant-garde) or "advance guard", in other words, "first to attack" (antonym of arrière-garde).

avant la lettre

used to describe something or someone seen as a precursor or forerunner of something (such as an artistic or political movement) before that something was recognized and named, e.g. "a post-modernist avant la lettre", "a feminist avant la lettre"; the expression literally means before the letter, i.e. "before it had a name".

avec plaisir

my pleasure (lit. "with pleasure")

B

baguette

a long, narrow loaf of bread with a crispy crust, otherwise called 'French bread' in the United States

ballet

a classical type of dance

beau geste

literally "beautiful gesture"; gracious gesture; also, a gesture noble in form but meaningless in substance

beaucoup

plenty, lots of, much; merci beaucoup: thanks a lot; used in slang, e.g. "beaucoup money", especially in New Orleans, LA. Occasionally corrupted to "Bookoo," typically in the context of French influenced by Vietnamese culture.

bel esprit (pl. beaux esprits)

literally "fine mind"; a cultivated, highly intelligent person

belle

a beautiful woman or girl. Common uses of this word are in the phrases the belle of the ball (the most beautiful woman or girl present at a function) and southern belle (a beautiful woman from the southern states of the US)

belles-lettres

literally "fine letters"; literature regarded for its aesthetic value rather than its didactic or informative content; also, light, stylish writings, usually on literary or intellectual subjects

bien fait !

literally "well done"; used to express schadenfreude when someone is well-deservedly punished

bien pensant

literally "well thinking"; right thinking, orthodox

blasé

unimpressed with something because of over-familiarity, jaded.

bon appétit

literally "good appetite"; enjoy your meal

bon mot

well-chosen word(s), particularly a witty remark

bon vivant

one who enjoys the good life, an epicurean

bon voyage

have a good trip!

bontour

"good evening", the usual greeting

bonne chance

"good luck" (as in, 'I wish you good luck')

les boules

(vulgar) literally "the balls"; meaning that whatever you are talking about is dreadful

bric-à-brac

small ornamental objects, less valuable than antiques; a collection of old furniture, china, plate and curiosities. Cf. de bric et de broc, corresponding to our "by hook or by crook", and brack, refuse.

brioche

a sweet yeast bun, kind of a crossover between a popover and a light muffin; French also use the term as slang for 'potbelly', because of the overhang effect.

brunette

a brown-haired girl. For brown-haired man, French uses brun and for a woman brune. Not used often in French, unlike brun(e). The masculine form, brunet (for a boy) is even more rarely used.

bureau (pl. bureaux)

office

C

ça ne fait rien

"that doesn't matter"; rendered as san fairy Ann in British WWI slang .

cachet

lit. "stamp"; a distinctive quality ; quality, prestige.

café

a coffee shop.

café au lait

coffee with milk; or a light-brown color. In medicine, it is also used to describe a birthmark that is of a light-brown color (café au lait spot).

carte blanche

unlimited authority; literally "white card" (i.e. blank check).

carte de visite

a calling card, literally "visiting card".

carte d'identité

identity card.

c'est bon

"that's good".

c'est la guerre !

"That's War!"; or "Such is war!" Often used with the meaning that "this means war", but it can be sometimes used as an expression to say that war (or life in general) is harsh but that one must accept it.

c'est la mode.

"Such is fashion".

c'est la vie !

"That's life!"; or "Such is life!" It is sometimes used as an expression to say that life is harsh but that one must accept it.

c'est magnifique !

"That's great!"; literally it's magnificent.

c'est pas grave

"it doesn't matter, it's not a big deal" (informal).

Ceux qui rient le vendredi, pleureront le dimanche

Those who laugh on Friday will cry on Sunday.

chacun ses goûts / à chacun ses goûts / à chacun son goût [all 3 are used]

"to each his (their) own taste(s)".

chaise longue

a long chair for reclining; (also rendered chaise lounge or chase lounge via folk etymology).

Champs-Élysées

literally "Elysian Fields"; Avenue des Champs-Élysées, one of the largest boulevards in Paris. Often referred as simply "les Champs" ; l'"Élysée" refers to the French Republich President's main residence, which is situated on the Champs-Élysées.

chanson

a song. Also, more specifically: (1) a classical "art song," equiv. to the German lied or the Italian aria; or (2) in Russian, a cabaret-style sung narrative, usually rendered by a guttural male voice with guitar accompaniment (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD).

chanteuse

a female singer

chapeau

a hat. In French, chapeau is also an expression of congratulations similar to the English "hats off to...."

chargé d'affaires

a diplomat left in charge of day to day business at a diplomatic mission. Within the United States Department of State a chargé is any officer left in charge of the mission in the absence of the titular chief of mission.

châteaux en Espagne

literally "castles in Spain"; imaginary projects, with little hope of realisation (means the same as "castles in the air" or "pie in the sky"). No known etymology, though it was already used in the 13th century in the Roman de la rose.

chef d'œuvre

a masterpiece

cherchez la femme

"look for the woman", in the sense that, when a man behaves out of character or in an otherwise apparently inexplicable manner, the reason may be found in his trying to cover up an illicit affair with a woman, or to impress or gain favour with a woman. First used by Alexandre Dumas (père) in the third chapter of his novel Les Mohicans de Paris (1854).

chevalier d'industrie

"knight of industry" : one who lives by his wits, specially by swindling

chez

at the house of : often used in the names of restaurants and the like; Chez Marie = "Marie's"

chic

stylish

chignon

a hairstyle worn in a roll at the nape of the neck

cinéma vérité

realism in documentary filmmaking

cinq, cinque

five; normally referring to the 5 on dice or cards. In French, always spelt cinq.

cinq à sept

cute name for stuff you do discreetly with someone other than your spouse between five and seven o'clock so no one notices.

cinquefoil

five-petal, five-leaf flower of the genus Potentilla, family Rosaceae; also a circular 5-lobed ornamental design. Spelt quintefeuille in French.

cliché

lit. negative; trite through overuse; a stereotype

clique

a small exclusive group of friends without morale; always used in a pejorative way in French.

commandant

a commanding officer. In France, used for an airline pilot (le commandant de bord), in the Army as appellative for a chef de bataillon or a chef d'escadron (roughly equivalent to a major) or in the Navy for any officer from capitaine de corvette to capitaine de vaisseau (equivalent to the Army's majors, lieutenant-colonels and colonels) or for any officer heading a ship.

comme ci, comme ça

"like this, like that"; so-so, neither good nor bad. In French, usu. couci-couça.

comme il faut

"as it must be" : in accord with conventions or accepted standards; proper.

communiqué

lit. communicated; an official communication

concierge

a hotel desk manager (in French also refers to the caretaker of a building usually living at the front floor ; concierges have a reputation for gossiping)

concordat

an agreement; a treaty; when used with a capital C in French, it refers to the treaty between the French State and Judaeo-Christian religions during the French Empire (Napoleon) : priests, ministers and rabbis became civil servants. This treaty was abolished in 1905 (law Church-State separation) but is still in use in Alsace-Lorraine (those territories were under German administration during 1871–1918)

confrère

a colleague, esp. in the medical and law professions.

congé

a departure; in French when used in the plural form refers to vacations

conte

a short story, a tale; in French a conte has usually a fantasy context (such as in fairytales) and always begins with the words "Il était une fois" ("Once upon a time").

contre-jour

against daylight

contretemps

an awkward clash; a delay

coquette

a flirtatious girl; a tease

cordon sanitaire

a policy of containment directed against a hostile entity or ideology; a chain of buffer states; lit. "quarantine line"

cortège

a funeral procession; in French has a broader meaning and refers to all kinds of processions.

corvée

forced labor for minimal or no pay

cotte d'armes

coat of arms

coup de foudre

lit. thunderbolt ("strike of thunder"); used only in the context of love at first sight.

coup de grâce

the final blow that results in victory (literally "blow of mercy"), historically used in the context of the battlefield to refer to the killing of badly wounded enemy soldiers, now more often used in a figurative context (e.g., business)

coup de maître

stroke of the master, master stroke

coup d'œil

a glance, literally "a blow (or touch) of the eye".

coup de théâtre

unexpected dramatic turn of events, a plot twist

couture

fashion (usually refers to high fashion)

couturier

a fashion designer (usually refers to high fashion, rather than everyday clothes design)

crèche

a nativity display; more commonly (in UK), a place where children are left by their parents for short periods in the supervision of childminders; both meanings still exist in French

crème brûlée

a dessert consisting primarily of custard and toasted sugar, that is, caramel; literally "burnt cream"

crème de la crème

best of the best, "cream of the cream", used to describe highly skilled people or objects. A synonymous expression in French is « fin du fin ».

crème fraîche

literally "fresh cream", a heavy cream slightly soured with bacterial culture, but not as sour or as thick as sour cream

crêpe

a thin sweet or savoury pancake eaten as a light meal or dessert

cri du cœur

"cry from the heart" : an impassioned outcry, as of entreaty or protest

croissant

a crescent-shaped bread made of flaky pastry

cri d'amour

a "cry of love"

cuisine minceur

gourmet cooking for staying thin

cul-de-sac

a dead-end (residential) street; literally "bottom (buttocks) of the bag".

D

d'accord

in accord; agreed; sure; OK; of course

de nouveau

again; anew

de règle

according to custom;

de rigueur

required or expected, especially in fashion or etiquette

de trop

excessive, "too much"

déclassé

of inferior social status

décolleté

a woman's garment with a low-cut neckline that exposes cleavage, or a situation in which a woman's chest or cleavage is exposed; décolletage is dealt with below.

décor

the layout and furnishing of a room

découpage

decoration with cut paper

demi-glace

a reduced wine-based sauce for meats and poultry

demi-sec

semi-dry, usually said of wine

déjà vu

"already seen" : an impression or illusion of having seen or experienced something before.

dénouement

the end result

dérailleur

a bicycle gear-shift mechanism

dernier cri

the latest fashion; literally "last scream"

derrière

rear; buttocks; literally "behind"

déshabillé

partially clad or scantily dressed; also a special type of garment.

désolé

sorry

détente

easing of diplomatic tension

diablerie

witchcraft, deviltry, or, more figuratively, "wickedness"

Dieu et mon droit

motto of the British Monarchy. It appears on a scroll beneath the shield of the coat of arms of the United Kingdom.

divertissement

an amusing diversion; entertainment

dossier

a file containing detailed information about a person; it has a much wider meaning in modern French, as any type of file, or even a computer directory

douceur de vivre

"sweetness of life"

doyen

the senior member of a group; the feminine is doyenne

dressage

a form of competitive horse training, in French has the broader meaning of taming any kind of animal

droit du seigneur

"right of the lord" : the purported right of a lord in feudal times to take the virginity of one of his vassals' brides on her wedding night (in precedence to her new husband). The actual French term for this hypothetical custom is droit de cuissage (from cuisse 'thigh').

du jour

said of something fashionable or hip for a day and quickly forgotten; today's choice on the menu, as soup du jour, literally "of the day"

E

eau de toilette

perfume; can be shortened as eau (water); literally "grooming water." Usually refers to a product which is less expensive, because it has less aromatic compounds, and is thus used more for everyday purposes

écarté

a card game; also a ballet position

échappé

dance movement foot position

éclair

a cream and chocolate icing pastry

éclat

Great brilliance, as of performance or achievement. Conspicuous success. Great acclamation or applause

écorché

flayed; biological graphic or model with skin removed

élan

a distinctive flair or style

élan vital

literally "vital ardor"; the vital force hypothesized by Henri Bergson as a source of efficient causation and evolution in nature; also called "life-force"

éminence grise

"grey eminence" : a publicity-shy person with little formal power but great influence over those in authority

en bloc

as a group

en passant

in passing

en principe, oui

"in principle, yes" : a diplomatic way of saying 'no'

en route

on the way

(je suis) enchanté(e)

"(I am) enchanted (to meet you)" : a formal greeting on receiving an introduction. Often shortened to simply "enchanté".

enfant terrible

a disruptively unconventional person, a "terrible child"

ennui

boredom

entente

diplomatic agreement or cooperation. L'Entente cordiale (the Cordial Entente) refers to the good diplomatic relationship between France and United Kingdom before the first World War.

entre nous

confidentially; literally "between us"

entrée

literally "entrance"; the first course of a meal (UK English); used to denote the main dish or course of a meal (US English)

entremets

desserts/sweet dishes. More literally, a side dish that can be served between the courses of a meal

entrepreneur

a person who undertakes and operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks

escargot

snail

escritoire

writing desk

esprit de corps

"spirit of the body [group]" : a feeling of solidarity among members of a group; morale. Often used in connection with a military force.

esprit de l'escalier

"wit of the stairs" : a concise, clever statement you don't think of until too late, e.g. on the stairs leaving the scene

l'État, c'est moi!

"I am the state!" — attributed to the archetypal absolute monarch, Louis XIV of France

étude

a musical composition designed to provide practice in a particular technical skill in the performance of an instrument. French for "study".

excusez-moi

excuse me; can be used sarcastically (depends on the tone)

excusez le mot !

excuse the word!; if a certain word has negative connotations (for example, a word-joke at a time of grief)

extraordinaire

extraordinary, usually as a following adjective, as "musician extraordinaire"

F

façade

the front view of an edifice (from the Italian facciata, or face); a fake persona, as in "putting on a façade" (the ç is pronounced like an s)

fait accompli

lit. accomplished fact; something that has already happened and is thus unlikely to be reversed. A done deal.

faute de mieux

for want of better

faux

false, ersatz, fake.

faux amis

"false friends" : words in two different languages that have the same or similar spelling, and often the same etymology but different meanings, such as the French verb rester which means "to stay" rather than "to rest"

faux pas

"false step" : violation of accepted, although unwritten, social rules

femme fatale

"deadly woman" : an attractive woman who seduces and takes advantage of men in order to achieve personal goals after which she discards or abandons the victim. Used to describe an attractive woman with whom a relationship is likely to result, or has already resulted, in pain and sorrow

fiancé/e

betrothed; lit. a man/woman engaged to be married.

fier de l'être

proud of being; "French, and proud to be so"

film noir

a genre of dark-themed movies from the 1940s and 1950s that focus on stories of crime and immorality

fils

used after a man's surname to distinguish a son from a father, as George Bush fils (in French, "fils" = son)

fin de saison

"end of season" : marks the end of an extended (annual) period during which business increases significantly, most commonly used for the end of summer tourism

flambeau

a lit torch

flâneur

a gentleman stroller of city streets; an aimless idler

fleur-de-lis

a stylized-flower heraldic device; the golden fleur-de-lis on an azure background were the arms of the French Kingdom (often spelled with the old French style as "fleur-de-lys")

foie gras

fatty liver; usually the liver of overfed goose, hence: pâté de foie gras, pâté made from goose liver. However, "foie gras" generally stands for "paté de foie gras" as it is the most common way to use it.

folie à deux

a simultaneous occurrence of delusions in two closely related people, often said of an unsuitable romance

force majeure

an overpowering event, an act of God (often appears in insurance contracts)

G

gaffe

blunder

garçon

literally "boy" or "male servant"; sometimes used by English speakers to summon the attention of a male waiter; (has a playful connotation in English but is insulting in French)

gauche

tactless, does not mean "left-handed" (which is translated in French as "gaucher"), but does mean "left"

gaucherie

boorishness

Gautier et Garguille

all the world and his wife (possibly derived from a 17th century French comic Hugues Guérin, who performed under the stage name Gautier-Garguille, though it is likely that he in turn may have taken this pseudonym from earlier 16th century recorded sayings: prendre Gautier pour Garguille: "to take Gautier for Garguille", that is to mistake one person for another; il n'y a ni Gautier, ni Garguille: "he is neither Gaultier nor Garguille", that is, 'he is no-one')

genre

a type or class, such as "the thriller genre"

glissade

slide down a slope

les goûts et les couleurs ne se discutent pas

"tastes and colours are not argued over"; one does not argue over differences in taste, to each his own. French People usually shorten the sentence, to "les goûts et les couleurs..."

grâce à

"thanks to", "by the grace of", naming credit or fortune

Grand Prix

a type of motor racing, literally "Great Prize"

grand projet

literally "large project"; usually a government funded large scale civil engineering or technology project executed for prestige or general social benefit, and not immediately (if ever) profitable

Grand Guignol

a horror show, named after a French theater famous for its frightening plays and bloody special effects. (Guignol can be used in French to describe a ridiculous person, in the same way that clown might be used in English.)

H

habitué

one who regularly frequents a place

haute couture

"high sewing" : Paris-based custom-fitted clothing; trend-setting fashion

haute cuisine

a manner of preparing food; literally "upper cooking".

haute école

advanced horsemanship; literally "upper school"

hauteur

arrogance; lit. height

haut monde

fashionable society, the "upper world"

Honi soit qui mal y pense.

"Shame on him who thinks ill of it"; or sometimes translated as Evil be to him who evil thinks; the motto of the English Order of the Garter (modern French writes honni instead of Old French honi)

hors concours

"out of the running"; a non-competitor, e.g. in love

hors de combat

out of the fight : prevented from fighting, usually by injury

hors d'œuvre

"outside the [main] work" : appetizer

huis-clos

"closed door" : an enclosed space such as a room or cell, where action or speech can not be seen or heard from outside; title of a play by Jean-Paul Sartre

I

idée fixe

"fixed idea": obsession; in music, a leitmotiv.

impasse

a deadlock.

insouciant/e

a nonchalant man/woman

ingénu/e

an innocent young man/woman, used particularly in reference to a theatrical stock character who is entirely virginal and wholesome. L'Ingénu is a famous play written by Voltaire.

J

j’accuse

"I accuse"; used generally in reference to a political or social indictment (alluding to the title of Émile Zola’s exposé of the Dreyfus affair, a political scandal which divided France from the 1890s to the early 1900s which involved the false conviction for treason in 1894 of a young French artillery officer of Jewish background)

j'adore

literally, I adore. I love to the full extent. Can imply "Je t'adore", translated as "I love you", or possibly I adore you.

j'adoube

In chess, an expression said discreetly signaling an intention to straighten out the pieces, without being committed to moving or capturing the first one touched as per the game's rules; lit. "I adjust". From adouber, to dub (the action of knighting someone)

Jacques Bonhomme

a name given to a French peasant as tamely submissive to taxation. Also the pseudonym of the 14th century peasant leader Guillaume Caillet

je m'appelle

my name is...

je m'en fous

"I don't give a damn / a fuck".

je ne regrette rien

"I regret nothing" (from the title of a popular song sung by Édith Piaf: "Non, je ne regrette rien"). Also the phrase the UK's then Chancellor of the Exchequer Norman Lamont chose to use to describe his feelings over the events of September 16 1992 ('Black Wednesday')

je ne sais pas

"I don't know"; collapses to chais pas ʃɛpa in modern colloquial speech

je ne sais quoi

"I-don't-know-what" : an indescribable or indefinable 'something' which distinguishes the object in question from others which are superficially similar.

je t'aime

I love you. Implies "I like you" too. The French word "aimer" implies all the different kinds of love (love = like). In order to differentiate the two, one would say simply "je t'aime" to one's love whereas one would say "je t'aime bien" (lit. I love you well) to a friend.

je suis

I am

jeunesse dorée

"gilded youth"; name given to a body of young dandies who, after the fall of Robespierre, strove to bring about a counter-revolution. Today used for any offspring living an affluent lifestyle.

joie de vivre

"joy of life/living"

K

---

L

laïcité

separation of the State and the different Churches (at first, it concerned especially Catholicism). In France, where the concept originated, it means an absence of religious interference in government affairs and government interference in religious affairs. But the concept is often assimilated and changed by other countries. For example, in Belgium, it usually means the secular-humanist movement and school of thought.

laissez-faire

"let do"; often used within the context of economic policy or political philosophy, meaning leaving alone, or non-interference.

laissez les bons temps rouler

Cajun expression for "let the good times roll": not used in proper French, and not generally understood by Francophones outside of Louisiana

lamé

is a type of fabric woven or knit with metallic yarns.

layette

a set of clothing and accessories for a new baby

lèse majesté

an offense against a sovereign power; or, an attack against someone's dignity or against a custom or institution held sacred (from the Latin "crimen laesae maiestatis": the crime of injured majesty)

liaison

a close relationship or connection; an affair. The French meaning is broader; "liaison" also means bond such as in une liaison chimique = " a chemical bond"

Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité

"Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood"; (motto of the French Republic)

lieu

from Latin locus ("place"); in lieu of: "instead of", "in the place of". This is illustrated for instance in the English word "lieutenant", which literally means "place-holder"

littérateur

an intellectual; (can be pejorative in French)

louche

of questionable taste;

Louis Quatorze

"Louis XIV" (of France), the Sun King, usually a reference to décor or furniture design. Also the namesake of the winner of the 1996 Preakness.

Louis Quinze

"Louis XV" (of France), associated with the rococo style of furniture, architecture and interior decoration

M

macramé

coarse lace work made with knotted cords

mademoiselle

young unmarried lady, miss; literally "my noble young lady"

mais oui

"but of course!". Often used as a sarcastic reply in French, in order to close the debate by feigning to agree.

maison

house

malaise

a general sense of depression or unease

mange tout

another phrase describing 'peas' (litt : "Eat-all", due to the fact that some peas can be cooked and eaten with their pod.)

mal de mer

motion sickness, literally "seasickness"

Mardi gras

Fat Tuesday, the last day of eating meat before Lent. Note that there isn't a capital to gras

marque

a model or brand

matériel

supplies and equipment, particularly in a military context (French meaning is broader and corresponds more to "hardware")

mauvais quart d'heure

"bad quarter hour" : a short unpleasant or uncomfortable moment

mélange

a mixture

mêlée

a confused fight; a struggling crowd

ménage à trois

"household for three" : a sexual arrangement between three people

merci beaucoup

"Thank you very much!"

merde

"shit"

merde alors

"Shit then!"

métier

a field of work or other activity; usually one in which one has special ability or training

milieu

social environment; setting (has also the meaning of "middle" in French.)

mirepoix

a cooking mixture of two parts onions and one part each of celery and carrots

mise en place

a food assembly station in a commercial kitchen

mise en scène

the process of setting a stage with regard to placement of actors, scenery, properties, etc.; the stage setting or scenery of a play; surroundings, environment

moi

"me"; often used in English as an ironic reply to an accusation; for example, "Pretentious? Moi?"

moi aussi

"me too", used to show agreeing with someone

le moment suprême

"the supreme moment"; the climax in a series of events (for example at the unveiling of an art exhibition)

Mon Dieu!

my God!

montage

a blending of pictures, scenes, or sounds

le mot juste

"the just word"; the right word at the right time. French uses it often in the expression chercher le mot juste (to search for the right word)

motif

a recurrent thematic element

moue

a pursing together of the lips to indicate dissatisfaction, a pout

mousse

a whipped dessert or a hairstyling foam; in modern French, any kind of foam

N

né, née

"born" : a man/woman’s birth name (maiden name for a woman), e.g., "Martha Washington, née Custis".

n'est-ce pas?

"isn't it [true]?"; asked rhetorically after a statement, as in "Right?"

noblesse oblige

"nobility obliges"; those granted a higher station in life have a duty to extend (possibly token) favours/courtesies to those in lower stations

nom de guerre

pseudonym to disguise the identity of a leader of a militant group, literally "war name", used in France for "pseudonym"

nom de plume

author's pseudonym, literally "pen name". Originally an English phrase, now also used in France

nouveau

new

nouveau riche

newly rich, used in English to refer particularly to those living a garish lifestyle with their newfound wealth.

nouvelle cuisine

new cuisine

nouvelle vague

Literally meaning "new wave". Used for stating a new way or a new trend of something. Originally marked a new style of French filmmaking in the late 1950s and early 1960s, reacting against films seen as too literary (whereas the phrase "new wave" is used in French to qualify some '80's music, such as Depeche Mode.)

O

objet d'art

a work of art, commonly a painting or sculpture

œuvre

"work", in the sense of an artist's work; by extension, an artist's entire body of work

ouais

yeah

oui

yes

P

panache

verve; flamboyance

papier-mâché

lit. chewed paper; a craft medium using paper and paste

par avion

by air mail. The meaning is broader in French, it means by plane in general.

par excellence

"by excellence" : quintessential

pas de deux

a close relationship between two people; a duet in ballet

pas de problème

no problem

pas de trois

a dance for three, usually in ballet.

passe-partout

a document or key that allows the holder to travel without hindrance from the authorities and enter any location.

pastiche

a derivative work; an imitation

patois

a dialect; jargon

père

used after a man's surname to distinguish a father from a son, as in "George Bush père."

la petite mort

an expression for orgasm; literally "the little death"

peut-être

perhaps, possibly, maybe

pied-à-terre

"foot-on-the-ground" or "foothold"; a place to stay, generally applied to the city house in contradistinction to the country estate of the wealthy

pis-aller

"worse"; an undesirable option selected because the other choices were even worse

piste

referring to skiing at a ski area (on piste) versus skiing in the back country (off piste).

plat du jour

a dish served in a restaurant on a particular day but which is not part of the regular menu; literally "dish of the day"

plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose (or plus ça change, plus c’est pareil)

the more things change, the more they stay the same

plus royaliste que le roi

"more royalist than the king", i.e. more enthusiastic than the cause deserves

porte cochère

an architectural term referring to a kind of porch or portico-like structure.

poseur

"poser" : a person who pretends to be something he is not; an affected or insincere person: a wannabe

pot-au-feu

stew, soup

pour encourager les autres

"to encourage others"; said of an excessive punishment meted out as an example. The original is from Voltaire's Candide and referred to the execution of Admiral John Byng.

pourboire

"for drink"; gratuity, tip; donner un pourboire: to tip.

prêt-à-porter

"ready to wear" (clothing off the shelf), in contrast to haute couture

protégé/e

a man/woman who receives support from an influential mentor.

provocateur

a polemicist

Q

Quai d'Orsay

address of the French foreign ministry in Paris, used to refer to the ministry itself.

Quatorze juillet

"14th July" Bastille Day. The beginning of the French Revolution in 1789; used to refer to the Revolution itself and its ideals. It is the French National Day.

quel dommage!

"What a pity!"

quelle horreur!

What a horrible thing! (can be used sarcastically).

quelle surprise!

"What a surprise!"

Qu'est-ce que c'est ?

"What is this/that?"

qui vive ?

"who would live?" : a sentry's challenge to determine a person's political sympathies. Obsolete, but for the expression "sur le qui-vive" (literally "on the point of saying qui vive") — on the alert, vigilant.

quoi de neuf?

"What's new?" What's up?

R

raconteur

a conversationalist

raison d'État

reason of state (always with a capital "É" in French).

raison d'être

"reason for being" : justification or purpose of existence

rapport

to be in someone's "good graces"; to be in synch with someone; "I've developed a rapport with my co-workers"; French for: relationship

rapprochement

the establishment of cordial relations, often used in diplomacy

reconnaissance

scouting; like connoisseur, modern French use a "a", never a "o" (as in reconnoissance).

répertoire

the range of skills of a particular person or group

reportage

reporting; journalism

répondez s'il vous plaît. (RSVP)

Please reply. Though francophones may use more usually "prière de répondre", it is common enough. (Note: RSLP ["Répondre s'il lui plaît"] is used on old-fashioned invitations written in the 3rd person, usually in "Script" typography — at least in Belgium.)

ressentiment

a deep-seated sense of aggrievement and powerlessness

restaurateur

a restaurant owner

Rive Gauche

the left (southern) bank (of the River Seine in Paris). A particular mindset attributed to inhabitants of that area, which includes the Sorbonne

roi fainéant

"do-nothing king" : an expression first used about the kings of France from 670 to 752 (Thierry III to Childeric III), who were puppets of their ministers. The term was later used about other royalty who had been made powerless, also in other countries, but lost its meaning when parliamentarism made all royals powerless.

rôle

a part or function of a person in a situation or an actor in a play

roman à clef

"novel with a key" : an account of actual persons, places or events in fictional guise

roux

a cooked mixture of flour and fat used as a base in soups and gravies

S

sabotage

subversive destruction, from the practice of workers fearful of industrialization destroying machines by tossing their sabots ("wooden shoes") into machinery

saboteur

one who commits sabotage

Sacrebleu!

"holy Blue!" general exclamation of horror and shock; a stereotypical minced oath. Very dated in France and rarely heard.

sang-froid

"cold blood" : coolness and composure under strain; stiff upper lip. Also pejorative in the phrase meurtre de sang-froid ("cold-blooded murder").

sans

without

sans-culottes

"without knee-pants", a name the insurgent crowd in the streets of Paris gave to itself during the French Revolution, because they usually wore pantaloons (full-length pants or trousers) instead of the chic knee-length culotte of the nobles. In modern use: holding strong republican views.

saperlipopette

goodness me

sauté

lit. jumped ; quickly fry in a small amount of oil.

sauve qui peut!

those who can should save themselves. Used as a pragmatic response to an accident. Roughly equivalent to the English "every man for himself".

savant

"knowing" : a wise or learned person; in English, one exceptionally gifted in a narrow skill.

savoir-faire

literally "know how to do"; to respond appropriately to any situation.

savoir-vivre

fact of following conventional norms within a society; etiquette (etiquette also comes from a French word, "étiquette")

s'il vous plaît (SVP)

"if it pleases you", "if you please"

si vous préférez

"if you prefer"

sobriquet

an assumed name, a nickname (often used in a pejorative way in French)

soi-disant

so-called; self-described; literally "oneself saying"

soigné

fashionable; polished

soirée

an evening party

sommelier

a wine steward

soupçon

a very small amount (In French, can also mean suspicion)

soupe du jour

"soup of the day", meaning the particular kind of soup offered that day

succès d’estime

a "success in the estimation of others", sometimes used pejoratively

il faut souffrir pour être belle

"beauty does not come without suffering" ; lit. "you have to suffer to be pretty"

sur le tas

as one goes along; on the fly

Système D

resourcefulness, or ability to work around the system; from débrouillard, one with the knack of making do. A typical phrase using this concept would translate directly to "Thanks to System D, I managed to fix this cupboard without the missing part."

T

tant mieux

so much the better

tant pis

"too bad," "oh well, that's tough"

tête-à-tête

"head to head"; an intimate get-together or private conversation between two people

toilette

the process of dressing or grooming

touché

acknowledgment of an effective counterpoint; literally "touched" or "hit!" Comes from the fencing vocabulary.

tour de force

"feat of strength" : a masterly or brilliant stroke, creation, effect, or accomplishment

tout de suite

lit. everything (else) follows; "at once", "immediately" (per Oxford English Dictionary).

très

very (often ironic in English)

très beau

very beautiful

trompe-l'œil

photograph-like realism in painting; literally "trick the eye"

U

unique

One of a kind. Unique is considered a paradigmatic absolute and something can not, therefore, be 'very unique'.

V

vas-y!

Go Ahead! Used to encourage someone (pronounced vah-zee)

va-t'en!

imperative form, like above, literally meaning "Go from here" but translating more closely as "Go away". Roughly equivalent to idiomatic English get lost or get out.

vendu (pl. vendus)

sellout, generally by apostates

venu/e

invited man/woman for a show, once ("come"); unused in modern French, though it can still be used in a few expressions like bienvenu/e (literally well come : welcome) or le premier venu (anyone; literally, the first who came)

vin de pays

literally "county wine"; wine of a lower designated quality than appellation controlée

vinaigrette

salad dressing of oil and vinegar; diminutive of vinaigre (vinegar)

vis-à-vis

"face to face [with]" : in comparison with or in relation to; opposed to. From "vis" (conjugated form of "voir", to see). In French, it's also a real estate vocabulary word meaning that your windows and your neighbours' are within sighting distance (more precisely, that you can see inside of their home).

viva, vive [...]!

"Long live...!"; lit. "Live"; as in "Vive la France!", "Vive la République!", “Vive la Résistance!”, "Vive le Canada!", or "Vive le Québec libre!" (long live free Quebec, a sovereigntist slogan famously used by French President Charles de Gaulle in 1967 in Montreal). Unlike "viva" or "vivat", it cannot be used as such, it needs a complement.

vive la différence!

"[long] live the difference"; originally referring to the difference between the sexes, the phrase may be used to celebrate the difference between any two groups of people (or simply the general diversity of individuals)

voilà!

literally "see there"; in French it can mean simply "there it is"; in English it is generally restricted to a triumphant revelation.

volte-face

a complete reversal of opinion or position, about face

Voulez-vous coucher avec moi (ce soir) ?

"Do you want to sleep with me (tonight)? " In English it appears in Tennessee Williams's play A Streetcar Named Desire, as well as in the lyrics of a popular song by Labelle, "Lady Marmalade"). In French, it is a rude and cheesy pick-up line ("coucher" connotes vulgarity in French).

voyeur

lit. someone who sees; a peeping tom.

W - X - Y - Z

le zinc

bar/café counter.

zut alors!

"Darn it all!" or the British expression "Blimey!", a general exclamation. Just plain zut is also in use — often repeated for effect, for example, zut, zut et zut! There is an album by Frank Zappa titled Zoot Allures.

Not used as such in French

Through the evolution of the language, there are many words and phrases that are not used anymore in French. Also, there are those which, even though they are grammatically correct, are not used as such in French or do not have the same meaning.

accoutrement

personal military or fighting armaments worn about one's self; has come to mean the accompanying items available to pursue a mission. In French, means a funny or ridiculous clothing; often a weird disguise or a getup, though it can be said also for people with bad taste in clothing.

agent provocateur

a police spy who infiltrates a group to disrupt or discredit it. In French it has both a broader and more specific meaning. The Académie française, in its dictionary, says that an agent provocateur is a person working for another State or a political party (for examples), whose mission is to provoke troubles in order to justify repression.

appliqué

an inlaid or attached decorative feature. Lit. "applied", though this meaning doesn't exist as such in French, the dictionary of the Académie française indicates that in the context of the arts, "arts appliqués" is synonym of decorative arts.

après-ski

after skiing socializing after a ski session; in French, this word refers to boots used to walk in snow (e.g. MoonBoots™).

auteur

A film director, specifically one who controls most aspects of a film, or other controller of an artistic situation. The English connotation derives from French film theory. It was popularized in the journal Cahiers du cinéma: auteur theory maintains that directors like Hitchcock exert a level of creative control equivalent to the author of a literary work. In French, the word means author, but some expressions like "cinéma d'auteur" are also in use.

au naturel

nude; in French, literally, in a natural manner or way ("au" is the contraction of "à le", masculine form of "à la"). It means "in an unaltered way" and can be used either for people or things. For people, it rather refers to a person who doesn't use make-up or artificial manners (un entretien au naturel = a backstage interview). For things, it means that they weren't altered. Often used in cooking, like "thon au naturel" : tuna without any spices and uncooked. Also in heraldry, meaning "in natural colours", especially flesh colour, which is not one of the "standard" colours of heraldry.

bête noire

a scary or unpopular person, idea, or thing, or the archetypical scary monster in a story; literally "black beast." In French, "être la bête noire de quelqu'un" ("to be somebody's bête noire") means that you're particularly hated by this person or this person has a strong aversion against you, regardless of whether you're scary or not. It can only be used for people.

bureau de change (pl. bureaux de change)

a currency exchange. In French, it means the office where you can change your currency.

cap-à-pied

from head to foot; modern French uses de pied en cap.

cause célèbre

An issue arousing widespread controversy or heated public debate, lit. famous cause. It's correct grammatically, but the expression is not used in French.

c'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre

"it is magnificent, but it is not war" — quotation from Marshal Pierre Bosquet commenting on the charge of the Light Brigade. Unknown quotation in French.

claque

a group of admirers; in old French, the claque was a group of people paid to applaud or disturb a piece at the theater; in modern French, it means "a slap"; "clique" is used in this sense (but in a pejorative way).

coiffeur

hairstyle. In French, means a hairstylist, a hairdresser, a barber.

connoisseur

an expert in wines, fine arts, or other matters of culture; a person of refined taste. It is spelled connaisseur in modern French.

coup de main (pl. coups de main)

a surprise attack. In French, "[donner] un coup de main" means "[to give] a hand" (to give assistance). Even if the English meaning exists as well, it is old-fashioned.

coup d'état (pl. coups d'État)

a sudden change in government by force; literally "hit (blow) of state". French uses the capital É, because using or not a capital change the sense of the word (État : a State, as in a country; état : a state of being).

crêpe

a thin sweet or savoury pancake eaten as a light meal or dessert. In French, a crêpe can only be sweet, unlike a "galette". It can be eaten as a dessert, or, if you take several (while oftentimes varrying the top), a very nourishing meal. It is the custom, for example, to eat such a meal during Mardi gras. However, in Brittany the "crêpes bretonnes", made from durum wheat, are salty, typically made with ham, egg and/or cheese.

crudité

an appetizer consisting of grated raw vegetables soaked in a vinaigrette. In French, it means uncooked vegetable, traditionally served as an entrée (first part of the meal, contrary to an appetizer which is considered as outside of the meal), with or without a vinaigrette or another sauce. Almost always used in the plural form in French (as in, crudités).

décolletage

a low-cut neckline, cleavage (This is actually a case of "false friends": Engl. décolletage = Fr. décolleté; Fr. décolletage means: 1. action of lowering a female garment's neckline; 2. Agric.: cutting leaves from some cultivated roots such as beets, carrots, etc.; 3. Tech. Operation consisting of making screws, bolts, etc. one after another out of a single bar of metal on a parallel lathe.

déjà entendu/lu

already heard/read. They do not exist as an expression in French: the Académie française says that un déjà vu (a feeling of something already seen) can be used but not un déjà entendu or un déjà lu.

démarche

a decisive step. In French, it means all the different kinds of manners you can walk.

dépanneur

a neighbourhood general/convenience store, term used in eastern Canada (often shortened to "dép" or "dep"). In French, it means a repairman. A convenience store would be a "supérette" or "épicerie [de quartier]".

émigré

one who has emigrated for political reasons. In French, it means someone who emigrated. To imply the political reason, French would use of the word "exilé" (exiled).

encore

A request to repeat a performance, as in “Encore !”, lit. again; also used to describe additional songs played at the end of a gig. Francophones would say « Bis ! » (a second time !); or « Une autre ! » (Another one !) to request « un rappel » (an encore). To say « Encore ! » implies a request to reprieve the entire repertoire.

épée

a fencing foil. In French, the term is more generic : it means sword.

en masse

in a mass or group, all together. In French, 'mass' only refers to a physical mass, whether for people or objects. It cannot be used for something immaterial, like, for example, the voice : "they all together said 'get out'" would be translated as "ils dirent 'dehors' en choeur" ([like a chorus]). Also, 'en masse' refers to numerous people or objects (a crowd or a mountain of things).

en suite

as a set (do not confuse with "ensuite", meaning "then"). In French, "suite", when in the context of a hotel, already means several rooms following each other. "J'ai loué une suite au Ritz" would be translated as "I rented a suite at the Ritz". "En suite" is not grammatically incorrect in French, but it's not an expression in itself and it is not used.

escritoire

a writing table. It is spelt écritoire in modern French.

exposé

a published exposure of a fraud or scandal (past participle of "to expose"); in French refers to a talk or a report on any kind of subject.

extraordinaire

extraordinary, out of the ordinary capacity for a person. In French, it simply means extraordinary (adjective) and can be used for either people, things or concepts. The rule that systematically puts 'extraordinary' after the noun in English is also wrong, because in French, an adjective can be put before the noun to emphasize - which is particularly the case for the adjective 'extraordinaire'. In fact, French people would just as well use 'un musicien extraordinaire' as 'un extraordinaire musicien' (a extraordinary male musician, but the later emphasizes on his being extraordinary).

femme

a stereotypically effeminate gay man or lesbian (slang, pronounced as written). In French, femme (pronounced 'fam') means "woman".

fin de siècle

comparable to (but not exactly the same as) turn-of-the-century but with a connotation of decadence, usually applied to the period from 1890 through 1910. In French, it means "end of the century", but it isn't a recognized expression as such.

foible

a minor weakness. The word is spelt faible in French and means "weak" (adjective). Weakness is translated as faiblesse (noun).

forte

a strength, a strong point, typically of a person, from the French fort (strong) and/or Italian forte (strong, esp. "loud" in music) and/or Latin forte (neutral form of fortis, strong). French use "fort" both for people and objects.

According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, "In forte we have a word derived from French that in its "strong point" sense has no entirely satisfactory pronunciation. Usage writers have denigrated \'for-"tA\ and \'for-tE\ because they reflect the influence of the Italian-derived forte. Their recommended pronunciation \'fort\, however, does not exactly reflect French either: the French would write the word le fort and would rhyme it with English for [French doesn't pronounce the final "t"]. All are standard, however. In British English \'fo-"tA\ and \'fot\ predominate; \'for-"tA\ and \for-'tA\ are probably the most frequent pronunciations in American English."

The New Oxford Dictionary of English derives it from fencing. In French, "le fort d'une épée" is the third of a spade nearer the hilt, the strongest part of the sword used for parrying.

fromage

cheese. Used in place of Say cheese. when taking pictures of people to get them to smile, one would utter Say fromage. French people would use the English word "cheese" or "ouistiti".

la sauce est tout

"The sauce is everything!" or "The secret's in the sauce!" Tagline used in a 1950s American TV commercial campaign for an American line of canned food products. Grammatically correct but not used in French, where one might say "Tout est dans la sauce" or "C'est la sauce qui fait passer le poisson" (also fig.).

marquee

the sign above a theater that tells you what's playing. From "marquise" which not only means a marchioness but also an awning. Theater buildings are generally old and nowadays there's never such a sign above them anymore; there's only the advertisement for the play (l'affiche).

naïve

a man or woman lacking experience, understanding or sophistication. In French, it only refers to the latest two and often has a pejorative connotation, as in gullible. Also, naïve can only be used for women; the masculine form is "naïf".

ooh la la!

"wowie!" Expression of exaggerated feminine delight; variation of an expression more commonly used by the French, "oh la la!" which means "yikes!" or "uh-oh!" The "zowie" intent does not exist in French.

outré

out of the ordinary, unusual. In French, it means outraged (for a person) or exaggerated, extravagant, overdone (for a thing, esp. a praise, an actor's style of acting, etc.) (In that second meaning, belongs to "literary" style.)

passé

out of fashion. The correct expression in French is "passé de mode". Passé means past, passed, or (for a colour) faded.

peignoir

a woman’s dressing gown. In French it is a bathrobe. A dressing gown is a "robe de chambre" (lit. a bedroom dress).

petite

small; waiflike; skinny; In French, it only means small and doesn't have those other connotations it has in English. Also, this is the feminine form of the adjectif (used for girls...); the masculine form is "petit".

pièce d'occasion

"occasional piece"; item written or composed for a special occasion. In French, it means "second-hand hardware". Can be shortened as "pièce d'occas'" or even "occas'" (pronounced "okaz").

portemanteau (pl. portemanteaux)

a blend; a word which fuses two or more words or parts of words to give a combined meaning. In French, lit. a carry coat, referred to a person who carried the royal coat or dress train, now meaning a large suitcase; more often, a clothes hanger. The equivalent of the English "portemanteau" is un mot-valise (lit. a suitcase word).

potpourri

medley, mixture; French write it "pot-pourri", lit. rotten pot (it is primarily a pot where you put different kind of flowers or spices and let it dry for years for its scent).

précis

a concise summary. In French, when talking about a school course, it means an abridged book about the matter.

première

refers to the first performance of a play, a film, etc. In French, it means "the first", and only for a live performance; it cannot be used as a verb ("the film premiered on November" is the equivalent of "the film firsted in November").

recherché

lit. searched; obscure; pretentious. In French, means sophisticated or delicate.

résumé

in North American English, a document listing one's qualifications for employment. In French, it means summary; they would use instead curiculum vitæ, or its abbreviation, C.V..

rendezvous

lit. "go to"; a meeting, appointment, or date. Always in two words in French, as in "rendez-vous". Its abbreviation is RDV.

risqué

sexually suggestive; in French, the meaning of risqué is "risky", with no sexual connotation. Francophones use instead "osé" (lit. "daring") or sometimes "dévergondé" (very formal language). "Osé", unlike "dévergondé", cannot be used for people themselves, only for things (pictures...) or attitudes.

table d'hôte (pl. tables d'hôte)

a full-course meal offered at a fixed price. In French, it is a type of lodging where, unlike a hotel, you eat with other patrons and the host. Lit. "the host's table" : you eat at the host's table whatever he prepared for him or herself, at the family's table, with a single menu. Generally, the menu is composed of traditional courses of the region & the number of patrons is very limited.

tableau vivant (pl. tableaux vivants, often shortened as tableau)

in drama, a scene in which actors remain still as if in a picture. Tableau means painting, tableau vivant, living painting. In French, it is an expression used in body painting.

vignette

a brief description; a short scene. In French, it is a small picture.

Only found in English

après-garde

Avant-garde's antonym. French (and most English speakers) uses arrière-garde (either in a military or artistic context).

brassiere

French use brassière (note the accent). Also, the French equivalent of "bra" would be "un soutien-gorge" (which can be familiarly abbreviated as soutif). A "brassière", in French, is a special kind of woman undergarment for sports ; larger than a simple "soutien-gorge", it offers a better support of the breast.

corduroy

Suggested as "corde du roi" ("the king's cord") but this doesn't exist in French. More likely from 1780 American English "cord" and 17th "duroy", a coarse fabric made in England.

demimonde

a class of women of ill repute; a fringe group or subculture. Fell out of use in the French language in the 19th century. Frenchmen still use "une demi-mondaine" to qualify a woman that lives (exclusively or partially) of the commerce of her charms but in a high-life style.

demitasse

small cup, usually for coffee. Comes from "une demi-tasse", literally a half cup. It's not an expression as such in French.

double entendre

double meaning. French would use either "un mot / une phrase à double sens" (a word / a sentence with two meanings) or "un sous-entendu" (a hidden meaning). The verb entendre, to hear (modern), originally meant to understand. "Double entendre" has, however, been found previously in French documents dating back to the 15th century. The dictionary of the Académie française lists the expression "à double entente" as obsolete.

homage

term used for films that are influenced by other films, in particular by the works of a notable director. French word is written "hommage", and is used for all shows of admiration, respect.

léger de main

"light of hand" : sleight of hand, usually in the context of deception or the art of stage magic tricks. Means nothing in French and has no equivalent.

maître d’

translates as master o'. Francophones would say maître d’hôtel (head waiter) instead (French never uses "d'" alone).

negligee

A robe or a dressing gown, usually of sheer or soft fabric for women. French uses négligé (masculine form, with accents) or nuisette. Négligée qualifies a woman who neglects her appearance.

parkour

urban street sport involving climbing and leaping, using buildings, walls, curbs to ricochet off much as if one were on a skateboard, often in follow-the-leader style. It's actually the phonetic form of the French word "parcours", which means "course".

pièce de résistance

the best; the main meal, literally "a piece that resists". Francophones use plat de résistance (main dish).

succès de scandale

Success through scandal; Francophones might use « succès par médisance ».

voir dire

jury selection (Law French). Literally "to speak the truth". (Anglo-Norman voir [truth] is etymologically unrelated to the modern French voir [to see].)

French phrases in international air-sea rescue

International authorities have adopted a number of words and phrases from French for use by speakers of all languages in voice communications during air-sea rescues. Note that the "phonetic" versions are presented as shown and not the IPA.

SECURITAY

(securité, “safety”) the following is a safety message or warning, the lowest level of danger.

PAN PAN

(panne, “breakdown”) the following is a message concerning a danger to a person or ship, the next level of danger.

MAYDAY

([venez] m'aider, come help me"; note that aidez-moi means "help me") the following is a message of extreme urgency, the highest level of danger. (MAYDAY is used on voice channels for the same uses as SOS on Morse channels.)

SEELONCE

(silence, “silence”) keep this channel clear for air-sea rescue communications.

SEELONCE FEE NEE

(silence fini, “silence is over”) this channel is now available again.

PRU DONCE

(prudence, “prudence”) silence partially lifted, channel may be used again for urgent non-distress communication.

MAY DEE CAL

(médical, “medical”) medical assistance needed.

It is a serious breach in most countries, and in international zones, to use any of these phrases without justification.

See Mayday (distress signal) for a more detailed explanation.

See also

• Pseudo-gallicisms
• Law French
• French language
• Glossary of ballet (which is predominantly French)
• List of Latin words with English derivatives
• List of Latin phrases
• List of Greek phrases
• List of German expressions in English
• List of French loanwords in Persian‎

• Category:French words and phrases
• Wiktionary:Transwiki:List of German words and phrases
• Wiktionary:Transwiki:List of Spanish expressions in common English

External links

• Communications Instructions, Distress and Rescue Procedures (pdf), Combined Communications-Electronics Board
• Hutchinson Dictionary of Difficult Words, Helicon Publishing, Ltd.
• Online Etymology Dictionary, Harper, D.
• Je Ne Sais What?: A Guide to de rigueur Frenglish for Readers, Writers, and Speakers, Winokur, J.
• French Words and Phrases
• French words within complete sentences, text + audio files