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Timeline of Kurdish uprisings

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This is an incomplete list of Kurdish uprisings. You can help by expanding it.

List of conflicts

[edit]
Date Uprising Location Result
838–841[1] Kurdish Dasni tribe uprising against the Abbasids Abbasid Caliphate Suppressed
955–1071[2][3][4] War against the Musafirid. Rawadid dynasty Victory
1045 Battle of Dvin Shaddadids Victory
990–1085 Kurdish uprising The Marwanids Victory, led to the birth of the Marwanids dynasty
1506–1510 Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids[5] Safavid Persia Suppressed when the Yazidi leader, Shír Ṣárim, was defeated in battle.
1609–1610 Battle of Dimdim[6] Safavid Persia Suppressed
1775 Bajalan uprising[7] Zand dynasty Suppressed
1806–1808 Baban uprising[8] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1880–1881 Revolt by Sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri against the Qajars.[9][10] Qajar Persia & Ottoman Empire Defeat
late 1890s – 1900 Siege of Constantinople (1391)[11]  Ottoman Empire Suppressed
Early March – 4 April 1914 Bitlis uprising  Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1914 – 1917 Kurdish rebellions during World War I  Ottoman Empire Establishment of a quasi-independent Kurdish state until 1919
1919–1922 – First Mahmud Barzanji Revolt First Mahmud Barzanji revolt Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed
1918–1922 First Simko Shikak revolt Qajar Persia Suppressed
1918–2003 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict  Iraq Victory
1918–present Kurdish–Iranian conflict Qajar Persia Ongoing
6 March – 17 June 1921 Koçgiri rebellion Turkey Suppressed
November 1922 – July 1924 Second Mahmud Barzanji revolt Iraq Kingdom of Iraq, Kingdom of Kurdistan Creation of the Kingdom of Kurdistan[12][13]
August 1924 Beytussebab rebellion  Turkey Suppressed
8 February – March 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion[9]  Turkey Suppressed
1926 Second Simko Shikak revolt Pahlavi Persia Suppressed, Simko Shikak flees to Mandatory Iraq
October 1927 – September 17, 1930 First, second and third Ararat rebellion[14][15][16][17][18] Republic of Ararat, Turkey Republic of Turkey Suppressed, Republic of Ararat disbanded.
1931 Jafar Sultan revolt Iran Suppressed
1931–1932 Ahmed Barzani revolt Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed, low-level insurgency continues through 1933, another revolt by Barzanis erupts in 1943
1935 Yazidi revolt of 1935 Iraq Mandatory Iraq Suppressed
20 March – November, 1937 and 2 January – December, 1938 Dersim rebellion Turkey Republic of Turkey Suppressed, see Dersim Massacre
1941–1944 Hama Rashid revolt Pahlavi Iran Suppressed, Hama Rashid driven into Iraq
November 1945 – December 15, 1946 Iran crisis of 1946[19]  Pahlavi Iran, Republic of Mahabad Creation of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, revolt later suppressed
11 September 1961 – 1970 First Iraqi–Kurdish War Republic of Iraq Stalemate, led to the Iraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970
1967 1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran Iran Pahlavi Iran Suppressed
April 1974 – 1975 Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Iraq Suppressed, the Iraqi government re-establishes control over Kurdistan
1976–1978 PUK insurgency Iraq Indecisive, led to the Kurdish rebellion of 1983
1979 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran Iran Iran Suppressed
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellion of 1983 Iraq Indecisive, led to the Al-Anfal Campaign
15 August 1984 – present Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey Republic of Turkey Ongoing[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
1986–1996 KDPI insurgency Iran Government of Iran Suppressed; KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996
1 March – 5 April 1991 1991 Iraqi uprisings Ba'athist Iraq, Kurdistan Region Iraqi Kurdistan Victory; establishment of the Kurdish Autonomous Republic, also known as Iraqi Kurdistan
March 2004 2004 Qamishli riots  Syria Suppressed
1 April 2004–present Iran–PJAK conflict  Iran Ongoing
19 July 2012–present Rojava conflict of the Syrian civil war  Syria Kurdish fighters have taken control of 365 towns and villages in Syrian Kurdistan and 2 districts in Aleppo by September 2012.[27]
24 July 2015 – present Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey Republic of Turkey Ongoing
19 April 2016 – present Western Iran clashes  Iran Ongoing
24 August 2016 – present Turkish military intervention in Syria  Syria Ongoing
15 – 27 October 2017 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict  Iraq,  Iraqi Kurdistan Ceasefire, Iraqi Kurdistan loses territory, including Sinjar and Kirkuk

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ M. Th. Houtsma, 1993, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936: Volume 4 - Page 1136, Brill
  2. ^ Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates The Kurdish dynasties which emerged in the second half of tenth century...the Rawwadids
  3. ^ Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂a Rawwadi Kurds..
  4. ^ Ian Richard Netto, Encyclopaedia of Islam "There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan"
  5. ^ "Of the anger and alarm aroused by these proceedings..." persian.packhum.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ^ "DIMDIM". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
  7. ^ "Iranica - Search Results". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. , p.533.
  8. ^ Meho, Lokman I. "The kurds and Kurdistan: a general background" (PDF). p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-13.
  9. ^ a b "Are Kurds a pariah minority?". Archived from the original on 2008-06-08.
  10. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kūrdistān § History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 951.
  11. ^ McCarthy, Justin (2006-09-29). The Armenian Rebellion at Van. University of Utah Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-87480-870-4. In the late 1890s the government began to improve the security in the Van Province with mixed but real results. Soldiers were sent to defend Armenian villages from tribes. The Ottomans responded to tribal raids in southern Van Province by sending regular troops to Hakkâri Sancak to protect the Nestorians. They succeeded in keeping the area quiet, at least for the time being. Troops opposed incursions by Persian Kurds. They even used artillery to bombard the fortified villages of raiding tribes. In 1900 the government gained a victory when regular troops captured Şerif, the leader of the Shekifti subtribe of the Shikak Kurds and long-standing plague for both the government and the Armenians, in a bloody battle in the Albak region near Başkale.
  12. ^ Stokes, Jamie (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Kingdom of Kurdistan. Infobase. ISBN 9781438126760. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  13. ^ Asadi, Awat (2007). Der Kurdistan-Irak-Konflikt: der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 9783899300239. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  14. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
  15. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
  16. ^ Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  17. ^ M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105.
  18. ^ "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
  19. ^ "CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2008". Systemicpeace.org. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  20. ^ "The PKK's withdrawal: An historic step". The Economist. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  21. ^ Letsch, Constanze (8 May 2013). "PKK begins to withdraw from Turkey". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  22. ^ "Nearly half of PKK terrorists reportedly withdraw from Turkey". Today's Zaman. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  23. ^ "Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle". Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  24. ^ "Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle". Hürriyet daily news. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  25. ^ "Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle". Trend AZ. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  26. ^ "Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace". Euronews. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  27. ^ "Vacuum of uprising gives Syrian Kurds rare freedom". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
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