Komarpant

The Kshatriya Komarpanths form a very small part of the Hindu people in India. Their population is very less and concentrated in Goa and Karwar, and places around, though many have scattered for the sake of employment in Pune, Mumbai, Mangalore, Bangalore, and the US of A. Now many Komarpant's are on social networking sites, and a few learned personalities are regularly on Google search which shows more than 7800 results in ten seconds. Educationally many of the community remain backward, though the gap is lessening fast.

History of Komarpanths

Komarpanths are Kshatriyas, basically from Goa[1] State and down to south they have their own dialet in Kannada language as their mother tongue.

The Kshatriya Komarpanths are originally from the Keladi Kingdom[2] or the Vijayanagar Empire[3], originally from the Kings family of Karnataka or the old Mysore State, and are the FOLLOWERS OF “SHRI SHRINGERI MATA[[4]]” FOUNDED BY HIS HOLINESS “JAGADGURU SHRI SHANKARACHARYA”[5] at Shringeri[6].

The Rulers of Keladi[7] had extended their kingdom upto Goa State and it is also a fact that the Keladi Kingdom[8] was under the control of the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

Kshatriya Komarpanths are also referred to as those from “Payaka” family which means that they are from the “Superior leader” or the Troop Leaders. They were Brave, well known for Horse riding, Archery and Freedom Fighters. They have fought several times with the Sultans of Mysore and also against the British Rule in India.

Komarpanth Veera Henje Naik born in the year 1736 was not only brave soldier but a Patriotic Freedom fighter, who fought against the British and the Sulthans of Mysore. With the help of the Bhandaris[9] of Kodibag on the banks of the Kali River[10] at Karwar, and fellow Komarpanths, Veera Henje Naik had been controlling the Five Islands that covered the entrance to Karwar from the sea route. But as the British outnumbered him, his team was ambushed by the British at Kodibag, and Veera Henje Naik was shot by the British in the year 1801. The “Samadhi” of the brave warrior still remains in the Kodibag Village on the Karwar – Kodibag Main Road on the Western Side next to the Government Boys Model School.

The Portuguese and the Dutch also ruled Goa and later the Britishers came to India in the guise of Trade. Marathas also came to power during the Moghul Rule in India. In south Hyder Ali and Tippu Sulthan were thre prominent Rulers whereas in the North were the Moghul Rulers.

During the period from 1736 – 1801 the of the Kshatriya Komarpanth Community, "Chak Mak Jenga Veera Henje Naik" ruled the province of Goa and some parts of Karwar and Uttara Kannada District and determined to fight against the British and the Sulthans of Mysore. Owing to his charismatic leadership, he was conferred upon with the title “CHAK MAK JENGA”, KOMARPANTH VEERA, HENJE NAIK by the King Sadashivanayaka of Keladi Kingdom. The monuments installed by the Komarpanths still remain in the islands of Anju Div Island, Kurumgad Islands, Guddehalli and Belur, Shirave hills.

Kshatriya Komarpanths have settled in each and every villages spread across Goa State , and in Uttara Kannada district[11] Karwar, Sirsi[12], Ankola[13], Joida[14], Yellapur[15], Haliyal[16] and even upto Kumta[17] Taluk.

Veera Henja Naik

On the 1st November 2008, Saturday at 7-30AM, Homage was paid to the Matryr Sri. Henja Naik, the first Freedom Fighter/Martyr of Karwar [18] and the Komarpanth Community at his Memorial at Kodibag, Karwar, next to the Government Model Boys School.

People from all classes, sects and creeds participated in this ceremony, organised by the Karnataka Rakshana Vedike, Karwar, the Govt. Model Boys School, Kodibag, Karwar City Municipal President Sri. Ulvekar, and Councillors such as Ranju Malsekar, Devidas Naik. Smt. Divya Naik. Sri. Gangadhar Hiregutti Editor of "Karavali Munjavu" newspaper, Sri. Satish Sail of Mallikarjun Shipping were the day's Chief Guests.

Veteran and septgenerian Sri. Ramdas Krishna Metri spoke about the Matryr Henja Naik, and how valiantly he resisted and fought against the British imperialists, with his Team of supporters, by not allowing the British Ships to enter the Karwar Arabian Sea , and attacking them from the Islands of Devgadh, Anjidiv, Kurumgad and Madhlingad. He said the British had to summon their entire Navy from Madras to fight against the Matryr Henja Naik. He was later shot dead at the place where the Memorial is now situated at Kodibag, Karwar. Only after he was assasinated, the British could move into Karwar and establish their base.

HISTORY OF KOMARPANTHS UNDER THE BRITISH RULE

The Komarpanths were called as Comarapeca by the British of the East India Company[19], and were referred by that name in all official records. In the A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer By George Newenham Wright - 1835 [20]the author says

The Comarapeca tribe are idle and addicted to robbery.'Italic text'

In the Universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world By Malthe Conrad Bruun - 1822, 1827, 1829[21] it is said

The Comarapeca, or true Sudras of this division, are both cultivators and soldiers, strongly inclined to robbery, and had acquired an uncommon degree of cruelty during times of anarchy.

Francis Hamilton Buchanan in his A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar[22]

Customs of the Comarapeca The Comarapeca are a tribe of the Kankana descent, and seem to be Sudras of pure birth, who properly belong to the country; in the same manner as the Nairs are the pure Sudras of Malayala. By birth they are all cultivators and soldiers; and, as usual with this class of men among the Hindus, are all strongly inclined to be robbers. From the anarchy which has long prevailed in this neighbourhood, they had acquired an extraordinary degree of cruelty, and had even compelled many Brahmins to assume their customs, and adopt their cast. They have hereditary chiefs called Nayakas, who, as usual, with the assistance of a council, can expel from the cast, and settle disputes among their inferiors. A man’s own children are his heirs. They can read poetical legends, and are permitted to eat meat and drink spirituous liquors. Their women are not marriageable after the age of puberty. Widows ought to burn themselves with the bodies of their husbands, but this barbarity is no longer in use. Widows, and women who have been divorced for adultery with a Brahman or Comarapeca, may be taken into a kind of left-hand marriage; but their children will be despised, and no person of pure descent will marry them. A woman cannot be divorced for any other cause than adultery; if the crime has been committed with any man but a Brahman, Comarapeca, she loses cast. The men many take as many wives as they please. The Sringagiri Swamalu is their Guru. He receives their Dharma, and bestows on them Upadesa, holy-water, consecrated ashes, and the like. The Panchanga, or astrologer of the village, is their Purohita, and reads prayers (Mantrams) at marriages, Namacurna (the giving a child its name), Tithi, Amavasya, &c. &c. They worship the great gods, Siva and Vishnu, in temples where Kankana Brahmans are Pujaris. They offer bloody sacrifices ; and at the temples of Saktis, or

Pages 185-200 are not part of this Book preview[23]

The Authors seem to have a very bad image of the ancestors of Komarpanths. They have portrayed Komarpanths as rebellious, anti-social, idle, cruel, robbers, anarchists, etc. However the fact remains that Komarpanths were the aboriginal people of North Canara, and were originally soldiers and Agriculturists. Sri Sri Shringeri Jagadguru[24] was their Guru since time immemorial, and they adhered to customs and traditions of the Hindu religion, revered Brahmin and Goud Saraswat[25] priests. That being so, its difficult to believe that Komarpanths were robbers and cruel people.

Komarpanths, having the inbred soldier spirit or the fighting spirit in them, never agreed to or subjugated themselves to the Foreign Rulers - the British, and hence the British did not have a good opinion about them.

Concentration of Komarpanth Families

1. UTTARA KANNADA DISTRICT[26]

TALUK-wise :- Densely populated in the following Taluks 1. KARWAR[27] 2. ANKOLA[28] 3. KUMTA[29]

Rarely populated in the following Taluks 1. HALIYAL[30] 2. YELLAPUR[31] 3. MUNDGOD[32]

Population due to Employment in following Taluks 1. SIRSI[33] 2. HONNAVAR[34] 3. BHATKAL[35] 4. SIDDAPUR[36] 5. JOIDA[37] 6. MUNDGOD[38]

SPREAD OVER IN EACH TALUKS

1. KARWAR Karwar Town, Nandangadda, Sunkeri, Baad, Kodibag, Komarpanthwada, Mahalasawada, Ashram Road, Kajubag, Habbuwada, Sadashivgad[39], Binaga, Todur, Arga, Baithkol, Chendiya, Amdalli, Majali, Asnoti, Balni, Hankon, Govinatta, Bhaira, Kadra, Kodsalli, Mudgeri, Khargejug, Halgejug, Halaga, Nirwad, Kadwad, Kinnara, Devalamakki, Kerwadi, Mallapur, Angadi, Kodar, Hosali, Dhumasitta, Shirwad, Shejwad, Brahmasitta, Ulga, Sadashivgad, Chittakula, Kanasgiri, Kaiga, Devabag, Katinkon

2. ANKOLA Ankola Town, Old Bazaar, Tenkanakeri, Laxmeshwar, Kumbarakeri, Kakarmath, Kerekatta, Honnekeri, Islampur, Belambara, Bobruwada, Nadibag, Hattibag, Shedikuli, Honnegudi, Pallekeri, Honnekeri, Keni, Bhavikeri, Badageri, Algeri, Belekeri, Aversa, Hattikeri, Dandebaug, Shirkuli, Shedgeri, Jamgod, Vandige, Hosagadde, Kantri, Kuntakani Baleguli, Bedralli Mavinkeri, Sakalabena, Muduga, Harwada, Ramanagulli, Devanbaug.

3. KUMTA. Town : Kumta Town , Kudathagi Bail & Most Houses adjacent to Vitoba Temple.Taluk : Gunda, Chitargi, Kalgudda

4. HALIYAL TALUK Dandeli, Old Dandeli, Ambewadi, Ambikanagar, Haliyal Town, Ganeshgudi, Ramanagara. Taluk: Kulgi, Bommanahalli, Nagaujari, Tattigeri, Tattihalla.

5. YELLAPUR TALUK Yellapur Town, Bisagod. Taluk : Yellapur Taluk adjoining Ankola , Karwar Joida and Karwar.

6. JOIDA TALUK Joida Town , Kumbarawada. Taluk : Anashi and villages adjoining Karwar Taluk.

7. SIRSI TALUK Sirsi Town & Taluk : Sirsi Town, Hubli Road, Yellapur Road, Siddapur Road, Sirsi Market, Devikere Circle, Mavinkere, Veerabhadragalli, Marigudi Road, Ashok nagar, And some 0ther places adjoining Sirsi Town.

8. HONNAVAR TALUK Honnavar Town & Taluk : Honnavar Town and some places adoining Main Town.

9. BHATKAL TALUK Bhatkal Town & Taluk : Bhatkal Main Town and some places adjoining Bhatkal Town.

10. SIDDAPUR TALUK Siddapur Town & Taluk : Siddapur Main Town.

11. MUNDAGOD TALUK Pala & Mundgod Town.

2.GOA [[40]]STATE : PANAJI, MADGOA, VASCO, MAPUSA, TALIEGOA, CANACONA, PHONDA, QUEPEM, OLD GOA AND SOME INTERIOR PARTS OF GOA STATE.

3. MUMBAI[41] : KALYAN, THAKURLI, DOMBIVILI, DIWA, MUMBRA, KALWA, THANE, MULUND, BHANDUP, KANJUR MARG, VIKHROLI, GHATKOPAR, VIDYAVIHAR, KURLA, CHEMBUR, MANKURD, VASI, NAVI MUMBAI, SION, DADAR, CHURCH GATE, MATUNGA, MAHIM, BANDRA, KHAR, SANTACRUZ, VILIPARLE, MAROL, ANDHERI, AMBOLI, JOGESHWARI, GORGEON, MALAD, KANDIVILI, BORIVILI, ANUSHAKTINAGAR, DAHISAR, MIRAROAD AND SOME OTHER PARTS OF INTERIOR MUMBAI.

4. PUNE[42] : BANER, PUNE TOWN, SWARGATE, SHIVAJINAGAR, S R P F QUARTERS PUNE & SOME INTERIOR PARTS OF PUNE DISTRICT

5. BANGALORE[43] : RAJAJINAGAR, VIJAYANAGAR, H M T & JALAHALLI, BASAVESHWARANAGAR, HANUMANTHNAGAR, GANGANAGAR, KORAMANGALA & AGARA, BAPUJINAGAR, NAGARABHAVI, GOVINDARAJNAGAR, SHIVANANDANAGAR, MAGADI ROAD, ADUGODI, MATHIKERE, THIPPASANDRA, ULSOOR, NANDINI LAYOUT, SRIRAMPURAM, GANAPATHINAGAR, VASANTHNAGAR, J P NAGAR, BOMMASANDRA, AVALAHALLI, DEVANAHALLI, KANAKAPUR, HOSKOTE, CHENNAPATNA.

6. MYSORE[44]: ITTIGEGUD, V.V.MOHALLA, HEBBAL, MYSORE UNIVERSITY, N R MOHALLA.

(Courtesy - Dr. Vinayak K. Naik)