Kecharis Monastery

Kecharis Monastery Կեչառիս Վանք
Religion
Affiliation	Armenian Apostolic Church
Location
Location	Tsakhkadzor, Kotayk Province, Armenia
Shown within Armenia
Geographic coordinates	40.532358°N 44.719644°E / 40.532358; 44.719644
Architecture
Style	Armenian
Completed	11th-13th centuries

Kecharis Monastery (Armenian: Կեչառիսի վանքային համալիր), is a medieval Armenian monastic complex dating back to the 11th to 13th centuries, located 60 km from Yerevan, in the ski resort town of Tsaghkadzor in Armenia. Kecharis monastery, formerly called Kecharuk, was built in the Ayrarat region of ancient Armenia, in Varazhnunk, the 18^th province, which included much of the present-day Hrazdan, Sevan and Ijevan. In the time of the Arsacid dynasti, this province was a royal hunting preserve. It then became the property of the Varazhnuni family. As far back as the 1^st century, the region belonged to the Pahlavuni princes and was called Tzaghkanots. Nestled in the Pambak mountains, Kecharis was founded by a Pahlavuni prince in the 11^th century, and construction continued until the middle of the 13^th century with its acquisition by the Proshian family. In the 12^th and 13^th centuries, Kecharis was a major religious center of Armenia and a place of higher education. Today, the monastery has been fully restored and is clearly visible from the ski slopes.

The domes of the two main churches were heavily damaged in an earthquake in 1927. The buildings were conserved during the period of the Armenian SSR, and rebuilding work started in the 1980s. A series of nationwide problems led to a halt in the rebuilding for about a decade as the 1988 Armenian earthquake hit, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the First Nagorno-Karabakh War broke out, and Armenia was blockaded by its two allied Turkic neighbors. Rebuilding work resumed at Kecharis in 1998 and finished in 2000. The restarted work was paid for by an Armenian donor from Vienna, Vladimir Harutyunian, in memory of his parents Harutyun and Arsenik.

Complex

Plan of Kecharis Monastery

The main group of the complex consists of three churches, two chapels and a gavit, to the west of which, a few dozen meters away, there is another church with its own vestry at the side of a road leading to the forest. There still are many tombstones around these monuments.

Saint Grigor Lusavorich Church

Saint Grigor Church

Saint Grigor altar

The main temple, the church of Saint Grigor, is the monastery's first structure erected by Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni in 1013. Being of a domed hall type, it is one of the typical church structures of the period of developed feudalism in Armenia. The interior of the temple is divided into three spaces by two pairs of wall-attached abutments. The central (and largest) space of the church is crowned by a broad cupola resting on spherical pendentives. The cupola and pendentives were destroyed by an earthquake in 1927, and reconstructed in 2000.

The semicircular altar apse has two-storey vestries on either side. Three triangular niches behind the altar provide openings for light. The sole of the altar has carved geometrical ornament, alternating with rosettes in places.

Surp Nshan Church

S. Nshan Church

The church of Surp Nshan (Armenian: Սուրբ Նշան, "Holy Sign of Cross" in Armenian), situated south of the church of Grigor, is a small cross-winged domed structure built, judging by the type of the building and by architectural details, in the 11th century, probably soon after the church of S. Grigor.

Katoghike Church

Katoghike Church

Katoghike Church

The Katoghike (Cathedral) church stands south of S. Nshan, with a narrow passage dividing them. Judging by an inscription, it was built under Prince Vasak Khakhpakyan of the Proshyan clan (in the first quarter of the 13th century) by the architect Vetsik, in whose memory a khachkar, ornamented with highly artistic carving, was put up a little south of the church.

The Katoghike church belongs to the cross-winged domed type and has two-story annexes in all the four corners of the prayer hall. The entrances to the upper eastern annexes are from the side of the altar apse. Stone cantilever stairs lead to the western annexes of the first floor.

The character of Katoghike church's decoration is connected with the artistic traditions of the time when it was built. The round cupola drum was destroyed by earthquake in 1927 (also rebuilt in by 2000), and is decorated with a 12-arch arcature. The front wall of the altar has carved khachkar-type crosses, and there are rosettes on the walls and on the spherical pendentives of the cupola where they alternate with flat arch motives.

Gavit

Gavit interior

The gavit, built in the second half of the 12th century and attached to the western facade of S. Grigor church, is an early structure of this type. The rectangular hall is divided into nine sections by four heavy free-standing columns.

The eastern corners of the interior are taken up by small two-storey annexes which first appeared in this form in this gavit.

The architectural details of the building are rather modest. The small windows are topped by profiled edges above which there are, in the middle window of the southern facade, octafoil rosettes and sun dials, widespread in Armenia and, on the western facade, jugs. As distinct from the portals of the churches, the only western entrance is built as a rectangular opening with a niche framed with bunches of small columns and an arch. In the interior, the fine geometrical ornaments on the capitals of the columns and on the cornice of the tent base immediately catch the eye.

Chapel of Saint Grigor

The chapels situated between the churches of Grigor and Surp Nshan were small rectangular ones, with an altar apse and vaulted ceilings. The chapel adjacent to the church of Gregory served as the burial vault of Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni, which means that it was built in the early 11th century. The chapels were united by a small vaulted premise in which classes were probably conducted for the school's students.

Surp Harutyun

Surp Harutyun Church

The church of Surp Harutyun (Holy Resurrection), standing on a forest glade, away from the main group, was built by a son of Hasan in 1220. This is a small, outwardly rectangular. domed-hall church with a lofty cupola. The only entrance, with a small vestry in front of it, is from the west. As distinct from the ordinary vestries, it has a vaulted ceiling, and is narrower than the church. A distinctive feature of the structure is that it has, on its western facade, twin openings topped with arches which rest on the wall-attached and intermediate columns. This gives the structure the appearance of an open passage. There are many graves in the church which was probably a family burial vault.

Chronological History

1013-1033 - Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni builds the Church of St. Grigor Lusavorich (the Illuminator) in Kecharis. An inscription on the southern entrance mentions the date: 1033. However, the sovereign at the time, Gagik, and bishop Sargis, both also commemorated in the inscription, had already died before that date. So there is probably some mistake in this inscription. The probable construction date is 1013, when both the sovereign and the bishop were alive and Grigor Magistros was old enough to have undertaken such an initiative. Indeed, in the same year of 1013, Grigor Magistros built the church at the Havuts Tar monastery. 1045 - Ani is occupied by the Byzantines and the reign of the Bagratid family collapses. Grigor Magistros delivers Bjni and his other possessions to the Byzantines and, in exchange, was named Governor of Mesopotamia. 1048-1049 - The second Seljuk invasion into Armenia. This obliged Byzantium to change its policy as regards the Armenians and to look on Armenian princes with a certain sympathy. The influential Prince (Duke) Bagrat is named Governor of Ani, with a title Magistros of the East. The governorship-general of southern Armenia and, in particular, of the Taron and Vaspurakan regions, is entrusted to Grigor Magistros himself. Armenian governors are also appointed for the other regions in the country. 1051 - In this year, according to available historical sources (a document kept in the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide archive in the Vatican and published in Paris in 1819 by Saint-Martin), Grigor Magistros builds church at Kecharis. Apart from the main Church of St. Grigor, the only other 11th century church in the present-day monastery complex is the Church of Surp Nshan. It must therefore be deducted that this is the church referred to in the document. Further information from the same source reveals that the bishops of Bjni donated 25 villages and a town to the dioceses of Kecharis.

Gallery

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  Another view of the complex
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  1995 photo showing halted reconstruction
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  View from the entrance
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  Row of khachkars in the snow
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  S. Grigor Church with gavit in front
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  The Surp Grigor & Katoghike churches
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  General view of the complex
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  The altar of Surp Grigor church
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  Monk's living quarters, Kecharis Monastery, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery, Stairs, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery Ceiling, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery, Ceiling, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery Outside Wall Detail, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery, Outside Wall Detail, Armenia
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  Kecharis Monastery Roof Detail, Armenia

Sources

• "Architectural Ensembles of Armenia", by O. Khalpakhchian, published in Moscow by Iskusstvo Publishers in 1980.
• "Rediscovering Armenia Guidebook", by Brady Kiesling and Raffi Kojian, published online and printed in 2005.

See also

• Diocese of Kotayk

External links

• About Kecharis Monastery
• Kecharis Monastic Complex Virtual Tours
• Kecharis monastery review's