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Kadugli language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kadugli
Central Kadu
Native toSudan
RegionSouth Kordofan
EthnicityKadugli people, Katcha, Damba, Tumma
Native speakers
75,000 (2004)[1]
Dialects
  • Kadugli
  • Katcha
  • Miri
  • Damba
  • Tumma
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3xtc
Glottologkatc1249

Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster of the Nilo-Saharan language family spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan. Stevenson treats the varieties as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages.

Dialects

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There are five commonly cited varieties. Three of them are rather divergent, on the verge of being distinct languages:

  • Katcha (Tolubi, Dholubi)
  • Kadugli proper (Dakalla, Talla, Dhalla, Toma Ma Dalla, Kudugli, Morta)
  • Miri

However, they share a single orthography and use the same literacy materials (Ethnologue).

Of the two other commonly cited varieties, Damba is somewhat closer to Kadugli, while Tumma appears to be a (sub)dialect of Katcha.

Villages in which the dialects are spoken according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue:

  • Katcha dialect: Belanya, Dabakaya, Farouq, Kafina, Katcha, and Tuna villages
  • Kadugli dialect: ’Daalimo, Kadugli, Kulba, Murta, Takko, and Thappare villages
  • Miri dialect: Hayar al-Nimr, Kadoda, Kasari, Kuduru, Kya, Luba, Miri Bara, Miri Guwa, Nyimodu, Sogolle, Tulluk, and Umduiu villages

Phonology

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Consonants

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Labial Dental/
Alveolar
Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p ʈ c k (ʔ)
voiced (b) ɟ
implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative f s
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Approximant w l j
  • [b] is heard as an allophone of /p/.[2]

Vowels

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+ATR -ATR
Front Back Front Central Back
Close i u ɪ ʊ
Mid o ɛ ɔ
Open a
[edit]

References

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  1. ^ Kadugli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Turner, Darryl (2015). The morphosyntax of Katcha nominals: A Dynamic Syntax account. University of Edinburgh.