Kapu (Hawaiian culture): Difference between revisions
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:''This article refers to Hawaiian term ''kapu''. For the '''''Kapu''''' caste of '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]''', see [[Kapu (caste)]].'' |
:''This article refers to Hawaiian term ''kapu''. For the '''''Kapu''''' caste of '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]''', see [[Kapu (caste)]]. For the sound made when a [[King Cobra]] bites a man's [[penis]], as seen in the [[manga]] of [[Great Teacher Onizuka]], please see one of the aforementioned articles.'' |
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The [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] word '''''kapu''''' is usually translated as "forbidden". In ancient [[Hawaii]], ''kapu'' refers to the ancient system of laws and regulations. An offense that was ''kapu'' was often a corporal offense, but also often denoted a threat to spiritual power, or theft of ''[[mana]]''. ''Kapus'' were strictly enforced. Breaking one, even unintentionally, often meant immediate death.<ref>[http://www.islands.com/article.jsp?ID=47759&typeID=122&categoryID=0 http://www.islands.com/article.jsp?ID=47759&typeID=122&categoryID=0 ]</ref> The concept is related to [[taboo]] and the ''[[tapu]]'' or ''tabu'' found in other [[Polynesia]]n cultures. |
The [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] word '''''kapu''''' is usually translated as "forbidden". In ancient [[Hawaii]], ''kapu'' refers to the ancient system of laws and regulations. An offense that was ''kapu'' was often a corporal offense, but also often denoted a threat to spiritual power, or theft of ''[[mana]]''. ''Kapus'' were strictly enforced. Breaking one, even unintentionally, often meant immediate death.<ref>[http://www.islands.com/article.jsp?ID=47759&typeID=122&categoryID=0 http://www.islands.com/article.jsp?ID=47759&typeID=122&categoryID=0 ]</ref> The concept is related to [[taboo]] and the ''[[tapu]]'' or ''tabu'' found in other [[Polynesia]]n cultures. |
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Revision as of 22:34, 8 April 2008
- This article refers to Hawaiian term kapu. For the Kapu caste of Andhra Pradesh, see Kapu (caste). For the sound made when a King Cobra bites a man's penis, as seen in the manga of Great Teacher Onizuka, please see one of the aforementioned articles.
The Hawaiian word kapu is usually translated as "forbidden". In ancient Hawaii, kapu refers to the ancient system of laws and regulations. An offense that was kapu was often a corporal offense, but also often denoted a threat to spiritual power, or theft of mana. Kapus were strictly enforced. Breaking one, even unintentionally, often meant immediate death.[1] The concept is related to taboo and the tapu or tabu found in other Polynesian cultures.
Restrictions
Most famous are the restrictions placed upon contact with chiefs (kings), but these also apply to all people of known spiritual power. It was kapu to enter a chief's personal area, to come in contact with his hair or fingernail clippings, to look directly at him and to be in sight of him with a head higher than his. Wearing red and yellow feathers (a sign of royalty) was kapu, unless you were of the highest rank. Places that are kapu are often symbolized by two crossed staffs, each with a white ball atop.
The kapu system also governed contact between men and women. In particular, men and women could not eat meals together. Furthermore, certain foods such as pork, some types of bananas (as they resembled a phallus), and coconuts were considered kapu to women. The kapu system was used in Hawaii until 1819, when King Kamehameha II, acting with his mother Keopuolani and his father's queen Ka'ahumanu, abolished it by the symbolic act of sharing a meal of forbidden foods with the women of his court. As these examples might suggest, the sense of the term in Polynesia carries connotations of sacredness as much as forbidden-ness. Probably the best way to translate it into English is as meaning "marked off" or ritually restricted. The opposite of kapu is "noa" meaning "common" or "free".
"Kapu" restrictions were also used to regulate Hawaiian fishing in order to maintain the long term viability of ocean life in the 1700 and 1800s. Certain fishes and/or designated areas were forbidden (or kapu) at the times when overfishing could damage the environment. This is similar to the modern regulation of monitoring and regulating fishing and hunting through licensing but was well before the "modern" era and showed great insight into sustainable living.
Modern usage
The ambiguities in the Polynesian concept (from the English point of view) are reflected in the different senses of the word in different national Englishes: In modern usage in Hawaii, "KAPU" is often substituted for the phrase "No Trespassing" on private property signage. In the movie Lilo and Stitch, Lilo has a sign on her door that says "Kapu" for privacy. Although kapu can transmit the meaning "stay out," kapu still means much more to most residents of Hawai‘i. By contrast, in New Zealand, the comparable word "tapu" is almost always used to mean "sacred".
In 2006, Her Interactive released a computer game based on the Nancy Drew series of books, titled The Creature of Kapu Cave.[2]