Kaoru Ishikawa

rey Ishikawa
Born	(1915-07-13)July 13, 1915 Tokyo, Japan
Died	April 16, 1989(1989-04-16) (aged 73)
Citizenship	Japan
Alma mater	University of Tokyo
Known for	Ishikawa diagram, quality circle
Awards	Walter A. Shewhart Medal, Order of the Sacred Treasures
Scientific career
Fields	quality, chemical engineering
Institutions	University of Tokyo, Musashi Institute of Technology

Kaoru Ishikawa (石川馨 Ishikawa Kaoru) (1915-1989) was a Japanese university professor and influential quality management innovator best known in North America for the Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram (also known as fishbone diagram) that is used in the analysis of industrial process.

Biography

Born in Tokyo, the oldest of the eight sons of Ichiro Ishikawa. In 1939 he graduated University of Tokyo with an engineering degree in applied chemistry. His first job was as a naval technical officer (1939-1941) then moved on to work at the Nissan Liquid Fuel Company until 1947. Ishikawa would now start his career as an associate professor at the University of Tokyo. He then undertook the Presidency of the Musashi Institute of Technology in 1978.

In 1949, Ishikawa joined the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) quality control research group. After World War II Japan looked to transform its industrial sector, which in North America was then still perceived as a producer of cheap wind-up toys and poor quality cameras. It was his skill at mobilizing large groups of people towards a specific common goal that was largely responsible for Japan's quality-improvement initiatives. He translated, integrated and expanded the management concepts of W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran into the Japanese system.

After becoming a full professor in the Faculty of Engineering at The University of Tokyo (1960) Ishikawa introduced the concept of quality circles (1962) in conjunction with JUSE. This concept began as an experiment to see what effect the "leading hand" (Gemba-cho) could have on quality. It was a natural extension of these forms of training to all levels of an organization (the top and middle managers having already been trained). Although many companies were invited to participate, only one company at the time, Nippon Telephone & Telegraph, accepted. Quality Circles would soon become very popular and form an important link in a company's Total Quality Management System. Ishikawa would write two books on quality circles (QC Circle Koryo and How to Operate QC Circle Activities).

Among his efforts to promote quality were the Annual Quality Control Conference for Top Management (1963) and several books on Quality Control (the Guide to Quality Control was translated into English). He was the chairman of the editorial board of the monthly Statistical Quality Control. Ishikawa was involved in international standardization activities.

1982 saw the development of the Ishikawa diagram which is used to determine root causes.

At Ishikawa's 1989 death, Juran delivered this eulogy:

There is so much to be learned by studying how Dr. Ishikawa managed to accomplish so much during a single lifetime. In my obeservation, he did so aby applying his natural gifts in an exemplary way. He was dedicated to serving society rather than serving himself. His manner was modest, and this elicited the cooperation of others. He followed his own teachings by securing facts and subjecting them to rigorours analysis. He was completely sincere, and as a result was trusted completely.

Contributions to quality

• User Friendly Quality Control
• Fishbone Cause and Effect Diagram - Ishikawa diagram
• Implementation of Quality Circles
• Emphasised the Internal customer
• Shared Vision

Awards and recognition

• 1972 American Society for Quality's Eugene L. Grant Award
• 1977 Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese Government for achievements in industrial standardization
• 1988 Walter A. Shewhart Medal
• 1988 Awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, Second Class, by the Japanese government.

Books

• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1980) [original Japanese ed. 1970]. QC Circle Koryo : General Principles of the QC Circle. Tokyo: QC Circle Headquarters, Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers.
• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985). How to Operate QC Circle Activities. Tokyo: QC Circle Headquarters, Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers.
• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985) [First published in Japanese 1981]. What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way. D. J. Lu (trans.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0139524339. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1990). Introduction to Quality Control. J. H. Loftus (trans.). Tokyo: 3A Corporation. ISBN 4-906224-61-X. OCLC 61341428.

References

• Kondo, Yoshio (1994). "Kaoru Ishikawa: What He thought and Achieved, A Basis for Further Research". Quality Management Journal. 1 (4): 86–91. ISSN 1068-6967. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Watson, Greg (2004). "The Legacy Of Ishikawa". Quality Progress. 37 (4): 54–57. ISSN 0033-524X. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Dewar, Donald L. (1988). "A Serious Anomaly: TQC without Quality Circles". Annual Quality Congress, Dallas, TX. 42 (0): 34–38. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

See also

• Pareto chart
• Ishikawa diagram

External links

• Biography by the American Society for Quality
• Biography by De La Salle University