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Kabul, Israel

Coordinates: 32°52′11″N 35°12′8″E / 32.86972°N 35.20222°E / 32.86972; 35.20222
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For the biblical city of the same name and in the same vicinity, see Cabul.
For the capital of Afghanistan, see Kabul.
Kabul
  • כָּבּוּל, כאבול‎
  • كابول
Local council (from 1974)
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Kabbul
 • Also spelledal-Kabul (official)
Cyrus the Great square
Cyrus the Great square
Kabul is located in Northwest Israel
Kabul
Kabul
Kabul is located in Israel
Kabul
Kabul
Coordinates: 32°52′11″N 35°12′8″E / 32.86972°N 35.20222°E / 32.86972; 35.20222
Grid position170/252 PAL
Country Israel
DistrictNorthern
Founded1200 BCE (Biblical Cabul)
Government
 • Head of MunicipalityNader Taha
Area
 • Total
7,149 dunams (7.149 km2 or 2.760 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
14,628
 • Density2,000/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
Name meaning(1) from Kabul, a personal name;[2]
(2) (Phoenician) = "what does not please"[3]

Kabul (Arabic: كابول, Hebrew: כָּבּוּל) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of Acre and north of Shefa-'Amr. In 2022 it had a population of 14,628.[1]

History

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Classical era

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Kabul is probably the Biblical Cabul mentioned in the Book of Joshua.[4]

Fragments of pottery from the Persian period have been found in Kabul,[5] as well as excavated burial chambers, used from the 1st to the 4th centuries.[6]

During the Second Temple there was a division of kohanim and the name of their head is Shecania. All divisions are described in Chronicles

In Roman times, Josephus calls the town "Chabolo" and camped there. He described it as a post from which incursions were made into the Galilee.[7]

Potsherds dating from the end of the Hellenistic–Early Roman period, Roman, and Byzantine periods have been found.[8][9][10] and bathhouse dating from the Byzantine era, and used well into the Umayyad era, have been excavated.[11]

Middle Ages

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Al-Muqaddasi visited Kabul in 985 CE, while it was under Abbasid rule. He writes that "it is a town in the coastal district. It has fields of sugarcanes, and they make the best sugar—better than in all the rest of Syria."[12][13] Ali of Herat reports in 1173 that two sons of Jacob are buried in the town, namely Reuben and Simeon.[12] Kabul was one of the principal cities of Jund al-Urrdun.[14]

Its Crusader name was "Cabor".[15]

Remains of a building dating to the Mamluk period was excavated in 1999.[8]

Ottoman Empire

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In 1517, Kabul was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. In 1596, the village appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Acre, part of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 40 Muslim households, 9 Muslim bachelors, 14 Jewish households and 1 Jewish bachelor. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, cotton, and bees, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 7,926 akçe.[16][17]

In 1859, the population was estimated to be 400 people, with 30 feddans as tillage.[18]

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited in 1875, and noted "on the sides and top of the hill are found many rock-cut cisterns, a great many cut stones scattered here and there or built up in modern houses, fragments of columns, the vestiges of a surrounding wall, and remains of sarcophagi adorned with discs and garlands."[19]

In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Kabul as a moderate sized village, with olives to the north and south.[18]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Kabul had about 415 inhabitants; all Muslims.[20]

British Mandate

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In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kabul had a population of 365 Muslims,[21] increasing at the time of the 1931 census to 457, still all Muslims, in 100 houses.[22]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 560 Muslims,[23] while the total land area was 10,399 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[24] Of this, 1,065 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 5,539 for cereals,[25] while 56 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[26]

Israel

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The village was captured by the Haganah on 15 July 1948 during Operation Dekel, particularly the Sheva Brigade. The Jewish forces did not attack Kabul and very few of Kabul's residents fled the village. On 8 January 1949, villagers from Kabul with others from I'billin were amongst a group of Arabs, 97 men with 31 women and children, who were expelled to the West Bank at 'Ara.[27] All the Arab villages in the Galilee remained under Martial Law until 1966. Anyone not registered in the November 1948 census was "illegal" and could be deported. Kabul was also one of 6 towns in The Galilee to have a curfew imposed on it in the events of the 29th of March 1976 during Land Day.

Currently, there are five mosques in the town.[28] In 1974, it received the status of local council by the government.[29]

Demographics

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In 1859 the population was estimated as being 400.[18] In a 1922 census by the British Mandate of Palestine, Kabul had 365 inhabitants, rising to 457 in 1931. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the town of Kabul had a population of 7,134 in 1995, rising to 9,400 in 2005. Its inhabitants are mostly Muslims. Kabul's prominent families are Rayan, Hamoud, Taha, Morad, Hamdony, Ibrahim, Hebi, Uthman, Ashkar, Sharari, Akari, Badran and Bouqai. The town hosts a large number of Internally displaced Palestinians from the nearby destroyed villages of al-Birwa, al-Damun, Mi'ar and al-Ruways.[30] All of the inhabitants are Arab citizens of Israel, mostly adherents of Islam.[29]

View of Kabul

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 110
  3. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 8.5.3. (8.141)
  4. ^ Tsafrir et al, TIR, 1994, pp. 102−103
  5. ^ Abu Raya, 2013, Kabul -final report
  6. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 663
  7. ^ Robinson, 1856, p. 88.
  8. ^ a b Abu-‘Uqsa, 2007, Kabul
  9. ^ Zidan and Alexandre, 2012, Kabul
  10. ^ In 2010, an archaeological survey of Kabul was conducted by Omar Zidan on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010, Survey Permit # A-5956
  11. ^ Abu Raya, 2013, Kabul
  12. ^ a b Le Strange, 1890, p. 467
  13. ^ Al-Muqaddasi, 1886, p. 29
  14. ^ Le Strange, 1890, p. 39
  15. ^ Pringle, 1993, p. 283
  16. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 193
  17. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9.
  18. ^ a b c Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 271
  19. ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 422-423; as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 308
  20. ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 176
  21. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 37
  22. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 101
  23. ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  24. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
  25. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
  26. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
  27. ^ Morris, 1993, p. 145
  28. ^ Welcome to Kabul Palestine Remembered.
  29. ^ a b Gutterman, Dov. Kabul (Israel) CRW Flags.
  30. ^ Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures BADIL, p.5. Archived December 14, 2004, at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography

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