Juresaniinae

Juresaniinae Temporal range:
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	†Strophomenata
Order:	†Productida
Family:	†Echinoconchidae
Subfamily:	†Juresaniinae Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960
Subgroups
†Juresaniini †Ametoria †Bathymyonia †Bilotina †Buntoxia †Cubacula †Densepustula †Parajuresania †Juresania †Pulchratia †Vediproductus †Waagenoconchini †Balkhasheconcha †Buxtoniella †Contraspina †Fostericoncha †Spinauris †Waagenoconcha

Juresaniinae is an extinct subfamily of brachiopods which lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods in marine habitats.

Taxonomy

The exact evolutionary relationships of Juresaniinae relative to other groups of the suborder Productidina have been a matter of extensive debate throughout much of the 20th Century, primarily due to the three genera Buxtonia, Pustula and Juresania (with the debate later expanded to their families and subfamilies) shifting in position repeatedly between phylogenies and classifications. The emphasis on internal versus external characters to determine the systematics of these groups has largely been responsible for this: the original Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published in 1965 placed emphasis on internal characters (including the cardinal process) as diagnostic, whereas the 2000 revision primarily used external features and shell shape, resulting in differing classification of these clades.

More recently, Leighton & Maples (2002) conducted multiple phylogenetic analyses which are strongly in agreement that the four subfamilies Buxtoniinae, Echinoconchinae, Pustulinae and Juresaniinae form the family Echinoconchidae, and that Juresaniinae was more closely related to Echinoconchinae than to Buxtoniinae. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are displayed in the cladogram below:

	Productella
	Praewaagenoconcha Sentosia Leioproductus Spinocarinifera Diaphragmus Antiquatonia Flexaria Buxtonia Pustula Echinoconchus Echinaria Pulchratia Parajuresania